Improving Energy Consumption Of Java Programs

Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) amounts for 10% of the world energy which will keep on growing in the future and 3% of the overall carbon footprint which is now more than the level of CO2 emission as that of the aviation industry. For many past years, the focus was on hardware to optimize the energy consumption of ICT systems. This includes dynamic adaptation of hardware techniques such as fine-grain clock gating, power gating, and dynamic voltage/frequency scaling. However, recent demands of exascale computation, as well as the increasing carbon footprint, require new breakthroughs to make ICT systems more energy-efficient. This is not possible by only making the hardware energy-efficient. As a result, the focus is shifting on software now. Software is one of the most critical bottlenecks while trying to optimize the energy consumption of any ICT system. Software energy consumption can be optimized in several ways like choosing the energy-efficient option in a programming language, using an energy-efficient programming language or choosing an energy-efficient compiling option. In this work, we concentrate on the energy-efficient options and command-line options to optimize software energy consumption. Today’s programming languages provide software developers with several options to perform the same task. For example, in Java, an Array can be copied to other Array either manually or using Java methods. However, not every option available is energy-efficient and the software developers lack the knowledge to choose the best energy-efficient option. We perform various analyses to decide on choosing the best option for different components of Java programming language. These components include data types, operators, control statements, String, exceptions, objects, and Arrays. Java has different command-line options that can be used to tune the JVM. These options can significantly affect the energy behavior of Java applications. We conduct a comprehensive study to evaluate the energy efficiency of Java command-line options. We first stabilize the idle energy consumption of two ICT systems and then evaluate the active energy consumption of SPECjvm2008 benchmarks using different JDKs (Open and Oracle) and Java command-line options. The Java command-line options include client, server, Xbatch, Xcomp, Xfuture, Xint, Xmixed, Xrs, AggressiveOpts, AggressiveHeap, Inline, AlwaysPreTouch, Xnoclassgc, UseSerialGC, UseParallelGC, UseConcMarkSweepGC, and UseG1GC. Next, we present Java Energy Profiler and Optimizer (JEPO) tool to help software developers to write energy-efficient code. This tool is an Eclipse IDE plugin and provides energy efficiency suggestions for Java programming language. It can provide suggestions dynamically while writing code or statically to refactor already written code. For providing suggestions, it analyzes each line of Java file and matches it to the pool of suggestions. JEPO can also help the software developers to automatically measure energy consumption at method granularity to determine the energy-hungry Java methods in software. We hope our findings and tool can help software developers to write energy-efficient code in the future

Study of Cloud Computing Security using Virtualization Concept

Distributed computing has turned into a developing enthusiasm for associations hoping to diminish their IT costs by offloading programming costs onto outsider associations who offer programming as-a-benefit, stage as-a-benefit, Security is the key for the Cloud achievement. There is two innovations Multi-occupancy, Virtualization which gives security about distributed computing

An Interesting Case Of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an uncommon inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The disease typically occurs after infections or vaccinations. However, in many patients with ADEM, no evidence of prior infection or vaccination can be found. We are reporting a patient who developed clinical and radiological features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after trauma of repeated attempts at lumber puncture for spinal anesthesi

Decomposition Strategies for Constructive Preference Elicitation

We tackle the problem of constructive preference elicitation, that is the problem of learning user preferences over very large decision problems, involving a combinatorial space of possible outcomes. In this setting, the suggested configuration is synthesized on-the-fly by solving a constrained optimization problem, while the preferences are learned itera tively by interacting with the user. Previous work has shown that Coactive Learning is a suitable method for learning user preferences in constructive scenarios. In Coactive Learning the user provides feedback to the algorithm in the form of an improvement to a suggested configuration. When the problem involves many decision variables and constraints, this type of interaction poses a significant cognitive burden on the user. We propose a decomposition technique for large preference-based decision problems relying exclusively on inference and feedback over partial configurations. This has the clear advantage of drastically reducing the user cognitive load. Additionally, part-wise inference can be (up to exponentially) less computationally demanding than inference over full configurations. We discuss the theoretical implications of working with parts and present promising empirical results on one synthetic and two realistic constructive problems.Comment: Accepted at the Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-18

MASTIC-G-POLY (ACRYLAMIDE): MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION

Objective: The objective of the present investigation was the synthesis of grafted co-polymer gum mastic using acrylamide as the monomer. Methods: 3-factor 3-level response surface Box-Behnken design, which requires 15 runs including three replicates of the central run, was used for the synthesis of graft copolymers of mastic gum with acrylamide using ceric ammonium nitrate as the free radical initiator. The critical synthesis and process parameters; CSPP (A = concentration of monomer, B = concentration of initiator and C= Temperature) to generate design space and optimize formulation with an aim to obtain critical quality attributes (CQA, Y1 =% Yield, Y2 =% Grafting, Y3 =% grafting efficiency). Result: Formulation F14 having a maximum % yield of 75.89% with % grafting of 210% and % grafting efficiency 51.57% was selected as best. Conclusion: The microwave-assisted grafted mastic gum was prepared successfully and optimized by using Box Behnken design

A Review on Requirement of Wireless Sensor Network in Healthcare Applications

An assortment of uses depend on Wireless AdHoc and Sensor Networks (WASN) which has pulled in individuals from a wide number of regions demonstrating its utility extents from protection to farming, climate guaging to pre-fiasco discovery, geography to mineralogy, catastrophe alleviation frameworks to medicinal care, vehicle following to territory checking, and a considerable measure many. In the field of therapeutic sciences the uses of WASN are new however have left an incredible effect on the psyches of the two analysts and specialists. Medicinal determination and test examination like observing the patients, detecting exceptional and basic indications physically and rationally should be possible utilizing sensor systems for the therapeutic care. The potential restorative utilizations of WASN are 'Constant, nonstop patient observing', 'Home checking for interminable and elderly patients', 'Gathering of long haul databases of clinical information'. Alternate applications can be giving therapeutic supervision to individuals in remote zones and for detecting vast mischances, fires, fear based oppressor assaults and remote crucial sign checking facilitating the activity of specialists. In this paper we have attempted to make an overview of all the conceivable utilizations of WASN in the field of therapeutic Sciences