1,890 research outputs found
Approximating Minimum Cost Connectivity Orientation and Augmentation
We investigate problems addressing combined connectivity augmentation and
orientations settings. We give a polynomial-time 6-approximation algorithm for
finding a minimum cost subgraph of an undirected graph that admits an
orientation covering a nonnegative crossing -supermodular demand function,
as defined by Frank. An important example is -edge-connectivity, a
common generalization of global and rooted edge-connectivity.
Our algorithm is based on a non-standard application of the iterative
rounding method. We observe that the standard linear program with cut
constraints is not amenable and use an alternative linear program with
partition and co-partition constraints instead. The proof requires a new type
of uncrossing technique on partitions and co-partitions.
We also consider the problem setting when the cost of an edge can be
different for the two possible orientations. The problem becomes substantially
more difficult already for the simpler requirement of -edge-connectivity.
Khanna, Naor, and Shepherd showed that the integrality gap of the natural
linear program is at most when and conjectured that it is constant
for all fixed . We disprove this conjecture by showing an
integrality gap even when
How good is the orthopaedic literature?
Randomized trials constitute approximately 3% of the orthopaedic literature Concerns regarding quality of the orthopaedic literature stem from a widespread notion that the overall quality of the surgical literature is in need of improvement. Limitations in surgical research arises primarily from two pervasive issues: 1) A reliance on low levels of evidence to advance surgical knowledge, and 2) Poor reporting quality among the high level surgical evidence that is available. The scarcity of randomized trials may be largely attributable to several unique challenges which make them difficult to conduct. We present characteristics of the orthopaedic literature and address the challenges of conducting randomized trials in surgery
Vortices in Superfluid Fermi Gases through the BEC to BCS Crossover
We have analyzed a single vortex at T=0 in a 3D superfluid atomic Fermi gas
across a Feshbach resonance. On the BCS side, the order parameter varies on two
scales: and the coherence length , while only variation on
the scale of is seen away from the BCS limit. The circulating current has
a peak value which is a non-monotonic function of
implying a maximum critical velocity at unitarity. The number of
fermionic bound states in the core decreases as we move from the BCS to BEC
regime. Remarkably, a bound state branch persists even on the BEC side
reflecting the composite nature of bosonic molecules.Comment: 4 Pages, 4 Figure
Milnor and Tjurina numbers for an isolated complete intersection singularity
This paper aims to prove that given a isolated complete intersection
singularity, the Milnor number will be bounded by a bound depending only on
Tjurina number and dimension of the singularity. The proof uses
AAC (introduced in arXiv:2204.05594) and as with such methods,
the bound is purely existential
A study on Poynting effect in brain white matter: A hyperelastic 3D micromechanical model
A novel 3D micromechanical Finite Element Model (FEM) has been developed to
depict the Poynting effect in bi-phasic Representative volume element (RVE)
with axons embedded in surrounding extra-cellular matrix (ECM) for simulating
the brain white matter response under simple and pure shear. In the proposed 3D
FEM, nonlinear Ogden hyper-elastic material model describes axons and ECM
materials. The modeled bi-phasic RVEs have axons tied to surrounding matrix. In
this proof-of-concept (POC) FEM, three simple shear loading configurations and
a pure shear scenario were simulated. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) were
computed for stress and deformation response plots to depict role of axon-ECM
orientations & loading condition on the Poynting effect. Variations in normal
stresses (S11, S22, or S33) perpendicular to the shear plane emphasized role of
fiber-matrix interactions. At high strains, the stress-strain% plots also
indicated modest strain stiffening effects and bending stresses in purely
sheared axons
A bioinformatics approach to microRNA-sequencing analysis
The rapid expansion of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data availability has made exploration of appropriate bioinformatics analysis pipelines a timely issue. Since there are multiple tools and combinations thereof to analyze any dataset, there can be uncertainty in how to best perform an analysis in a robust and reproducible manner. This is especially true for newer omics applications, such as miRNomics, or microRNA-sequencing (miRNA-sequencing). As compared to transcriptomics, there have been far fewer miRNA-sequencing studies performed to date, and those that are reported seldom provide detailed description of the bioinformatics analysis, including aspects such as Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMIs). In this article, we attempt to fill the gap and help researchers understand their miRNA-sequencing data and its analysis. This article will specifically discuss a customizable miRNA bioinformatics pipeline that was developed using miRNA-sequencing datasets generated from human osteoarthritis plasma samples. We describe quality assessment of raw sequencing data files, reference-based alignment, counts generation for miRNA expression levels, and novel miRNA discovery. This report is expected to improve clarity and reproducibility of the bioinformatics portion of miRNA-sequencing analysis, applicable across any sample type, to promote sharing of detailed protocols in the NGS field
Geometry of Radial Basis Neural Networks for Safety Biased Approximation of Unsafe Regions
Barrier function-based inequality constraints are a means to enforce safety
specifications for control systems. When used in conjunction with a convex
optimization program, they provide a computationally efficient method to
enforce safety for the general class of control-affine systems. One of the main
assumptions when taking this approach is the a priori knowledge of the barrier
function itself, i.e., knowledge of the safe set. In the context of navigation
through unknown environments where the locally safe set evolves with time, such
knowledge does not exist. This manuscript focuses on the synthesis of a zeroing
barrier function characterizing the safe set based on safe and unsafe sample
measurements, e.g., from perception data in navigation applications. Prior work
formulated a supervised machine learning algorithm whose solution guaranteed
the construction of a zeroing barrier function with specific level-set
properties. However, it did not explore the geometry of the neural network
design used for the synthesis process. This manuscript describes the specific
geometry of the neural network used for zeroing barrier function synthesis, and
shows how the network provides the necessary representation for splitting the
state space into safe and unsafe regions.Comment: Accepted into American Control Conference (ACC) 202
Antisense oligonucleotide-based therapies for the treatment of osteoarthritis: Opportunities and roadblocks
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease with no approved disease-modifying therapies. Among the challenges for developing treatment is achieving targeted drug delivery to affected joints. This has contributed to the failure of several drug candidates for the treatment of OA. Over the past 20 years, significant advances have been made in antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) technology for achieving targeted delivery to tissues and cells both in vitro and in vivo. Since ASOs are able to bind specific gene regions and regulate protein translation, they are useful for correcting aberrant endogenous mechanisms associated with certain diseases. ASOs can be delivered locally through intra-articular injection, and can enter cells through natural cellular uptake mechanisms. Despite this, ASOs have yet to be successfully tested in clinical trials for the treatment of OA. Recent chemical modification to ASOs have further improved cellular uptake and reduced toxicity. Among these are locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based ASOs, which have shown promising results in clinical trials for diseases such as hepatitis and dyslipidemia. Recently, LNA-based ASOs have been tested both in vitro and in vivo for their therapeutic potential in OA, and some have shown promising joint-protective effects in preclinical OA animal models. In order to accelerate the testing of ASO therapies in a clinical trial setting for OA, further investigation into delivery mechanisms is required. In this review article, we discuss opportunities for viral-, particle-, biomaterial-, and chemical modification-based therapies, which are currently in preclinical testing. We also address potential roadblocks in the clinical translation of ASO-based therapies for the treatment of OA, such as the limitations associated with OA animal models and the challenges with drug toxicity. Taken together, we review what is known and what would be useful to accelerate translation of ASO-based therapies for the treatment of OA
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