Diversity Of Fusarium Species Associated With Bakanae Disease Of Rice In Malaysia And Indonesia

Many diseases were reported to be associated with rice; one of the diseases is bakanae that caused by Fusarium spp .. The main objective of these studies was to characterize Fusarium spp. in Section Liseola isolated from bakanae-infected rice in Malaysia and Indonesia by using several approaches in order to determine the similarities and variabilities between the species. Results during sampling bkanae disease were widespread in Peninsular Malaysia and three provinces in Indonesia (East Java, Padang and Samarinda) except in Yan, Kedah

Diversity Of Fusarium Species Associated With Bakanae Disease Of Rice In Malaysia And Indonesia

Many diseases were reported to be associated with rice; one of the diseases is bakanae that caused by Fusarium spp .. The main objective of these studies was to characterize Fusarium spp. in Section Liseola isolated from bakanae-infected rice in Malaysia and Indonesia by using several approaches in order to determine the similarities and variabilities between the species. Results during sampling bkanae disease were widespread in Peninsular Malaysia and three provinces in Indonesia (East Java, Padang and Samarinda) except in Yan, Kedah. The typical symptoms of bakanae disease were abnormal elongation, yellowish leaves, produced a few tillers and wiry adventitious roots. Some infected plants were stunted and those survived appeared normal until maturity but produced empty and discoloured grains. A total of 212 strains of Fusarium were isolated from bakanae-infected rice plants and they were initially identified using morphological characteristics for species delimitation. The highest number (127) of Fusarium strains were classified into five species in Section Liseola Le. F. fujikuroi (most frequently, 37.3%), F. verticiflioides, F. proliferatum, F. sacchari and F. subgJutinans.. Other species were also isolated such as F. semitectum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. longipes, F. chlamydosporum and F. equiseti. Pathogenicity test showed F. fujikuroi was confirmed as the pathogen of bakanae disease on rice in Malaysia and Indonesia with varying levels of virulence

The efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum T73s as a biocontrol agent of Fusarium ear rot disease of maize

Fusarium ear rot (FER) disease in maize reduces grain quality and yield to an appreciable extent. Based on virulence assay, F. proliferatum B202c was the most pathogenic isolate among other species including F. verticillioides. This pathogen was challenged in dual culture assays with 72 isolates of Trichoderma sp., which were isolated from soil samples. T. harzianum T73s showed highest percentage inhibition of 73.10% was further tested for its efficacy to suppress FER under glasshouse conditions. The application of T73s every week, immediately after planting reduced the severity of FER with DSI 0.5% compared with control, 4.75%. Thus, T. harzianum T37s can be used as good biocontrol agent and has potential for further tests in the field and on commercial scale

Disease suppression in Ganoderma-infected oil palm seedlings treated with Trichoderma harzianum

Disease suppression in Ganoderma-infected oil palm seedlings treated with a conidial suspension of Trichoderma harzianum FA 1132 was tested in plant house conditions to determine the effectiveness of the fungus as a biocontrol agent. The highest efficacy of control was achieved by treatment right after artificial infection; the total number of infected plants was reduced to give the lowest disease severity index (DSI) value of 5.0%, compared to the infected and non-treated control that had the highest DSI of 70.0%. After conidia suspension of FA 1132 was applied, the colony forming ability by Trichoderma in the soil was dramatically increased, but decreased after some time. Results of the present study are a useful reference basis for further tests in the field and large scale production trials

Isolation and characterisation of ascomycetes isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Malay traditional vegetables

Plants are the most common host for fungal communities. However, vegetables and herbs traditionally consumed by the Malay community have not been thoroughly investigated for their association with fungi. The main objective of the present study is to identify the Ascomycetes fungi associated with Eurycoma longifolia Jack and vegetables traditionally consumed by the Malay community. In the present study, we isolated and identified 34 isolates of the Ascomycetes fungi obtained from five traditional vegetables (Oenanthe javanica, Cosmos caudatus, Persicaria odorata, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus and Cantella asiatica) and Eurycoma longifolia Jack. The isolates are identified as eight species, which are Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium solani, Penicillium paraherquei and Trichoderma asperellum. Aspergillus and Fusarium are dominant among the isolated fungi. This report provides additional information on the diversity of fungi isolated from traditional vegetables and Eurycoma longifolia based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence analysis

Characterization and pathological diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease on mango in Peninsular Malaysia

Colletotrichum is one of the important postharvest pathogens to cause anthracnose, which is a threatening disease for mango in Malaysia. The information regarding preharvest anthracnose disease on mango in Malaysia is still inadequate, therefore encouraging the commencement of this study. The objectives of this study are to identify fungi species from mango anthracnose disease, and to determine the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum isolates obtained from the infected mango. During a series of sampling in July 2014 to May 2015 throughout Peninsular Malaysia, the symptom of anthracnose disease was observed in the Malaysian mango plantation. There were 33 isolates of Colletotrichum species were purified and successfully identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. The identity of the isolates was confirmed and classified into C. gloeosporioides (15 isolates) and C. asianum (18 isolates). For pathogenicity test using a non-wounded method, the mango was inoculated with a young mycelial disk. Disease symptoms were observed as a brown to black circular or irregular shape of the lesion with the sunken effect on the infected fruits. Colletotrichum asianum R2262 appeared as the most pathogenic isolate with DSI of 50% on day 8 after inoculation. The pathogens identified in this study were successfully re-isolated from all the symptomatic mango tissues that resulted in fulfilling the Koch’s postulates. Meanwhile, control mango inoculated with noncolonized PDA plugs remained symptomless until the end of the test. The data obtained from this study is crucial to design an effective strategy to control anthracnose disease of mango

Review of fruit rot diseases of important tropical and some temperate fruit crops

Fruit rot is a common disease that affects the quality and quantity of the produced fruits. It may happened during pre-harvest stage and usually the condition of the fruits will become worse at postharvest stage if there are no any precautions taken during the picking, storing, packaging and transporting processes. The disease is mainly caused by the infection of fungi supported by a conducive condition like susceptible hosts, relative humidity and unsuitable temperature, besides other microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and nematodes. The infection may arise from soilborne, waterborne, wind borne and insects bite transmission. Fruit rot diseases have been reported to cause by many fungal species such as Fusarium species, Alternaria species, Lasiodiplodia species, Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Colletotrichum species and Botrytis species. This review will provide sufficient information about rot diseases on fruit, fungal species that cause the diseases, effective control methods and managements as well as economic losses and health issues related to the diseases

Vegetative compatibility groups within Fusarium species isolates from tomato in Selangor, Malaysia

Vegetative compatibility provides valuable information on genetic diversity of certain fungal population including Fusarium species. Fusarium species are capable of causing mass spoilage of perishable vegetable fruits such as tomato either in the field or in storage. A total of 81 Fusarium isolates comprising F. oxysporum (54 isolates), F. semitectum (22 isolates) and F. subglutinans (5 isolates) were examined for vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Nit mutants were generated from minimal medium with chlorate (MMC) and potato dextrose agar with chlorate (PDC) media under varying degrees of chlorate (KClO3) concentrations from 4.5 - 6.0%. Four phenotyping media containing different nitrogen sources (NO2, NO3, NH4 and HX) were used to phenotype the Nit mutants into different classes: nit1, nit3 and NitM. All heterokaryon self-compatible (HSC) Nit mutants of Fusarium species were paired in all pairwise possible combinations on MM to classify them into VCG. Based on the index and distribution of the VCGs, isolates of F. oxysporum demonstrated high genetic diversity where 11 VCGs were recovered. Meanwhile, only three VCGs were recovered in F. semitectum isolates. Fusarium subglutinans isolates had the least number of VCGs where only two groups were recovered

Diversity and morphological characteristics of Aspergillus species and Fusarium species isolated from cornmeal in Malaysia

Corn is a vital food component that serves as a nutritional diet element for human and feedstuff for livestock. Despite its vast importance, corn frequently faces contamination problem caused by a range of microbes especially fungi. For the purpose of this study, cornmeal samples were collected from nine states in Malaysia, and were cultured onto Peptone Pentachloronitrobenzene Agar (PPA) to isolate the fungi. Single spore isolation was done on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) to obtain the pure culture. A total of 314 isolates of microscopic fungi were obtained, 284 isolates belonging to the Aspergillus species, namely A. flavus (241), A. niger (24), A. nidulans (14) and A. fumigatus (5). Another 30 isolates were Fusarium species, identified as F. verticillioides (14), F. semitectum (10) and F. proliferatum (6). The diversity of the fungi was determined by using Shannon-Weiner Index. The diversity index indicated that A. flavus was the most abundant, recorded as 0.203