Hubungan antara perancangan perniagaan, sumber pembiayaan dan persekitaran luaran dengan prestasi perniagaan: Kajian empirical PKS di Malaysia

This study was conducted to determine the significant relationships between business planning, sources of equity and debt financing and all planning activities such as assessment and strategy, involvement by managements, formal procedure, mission and aim and performance of SME firms in Malaysia. This study also aims to assess the moderating effect of the dynamic, hostile and munificence external environments on the relationships between business planning, sources of equity and debt financing and performance. Sixteen hypotheses were put forward for testing. The quantitative research design was employed and primary data samples of 177 SME firms were collected and analysed through multiple and hierarchical regression analysis to obtain the results. The findings of the study revealed that overall business planning, source of equity financing and all activities of business planning have significant relationships with firm performance. A dynamic external environment was found to have a moderate positive relationship between business planning and performance but a moderate negative relationship between source of debt financing and performance. The findings also revealed that munificence environment was found to have a moderate negative relationship between sources of equity and debt financing on performance. However, no moderating effect of the hostile environment was found in the relationship between business planning, sources of equity and debt financing on performance as well as the moderating effect of munificence environment on the relationship between business planning and performance. This study is expected to contribute to the existing literature with the new finding of business planning activities that affect performance. This study is also important for the management of SMEs and policy-makers to play crucial roles in implementing business planning, using the source of equity financing and operating in an appropriate environment. This study concluded with a discussion of the limitations and suggestions for future researc

Ciri-ciri penting seorang usahawan bagi menangani cabaran memulakan perniagaan

Kajian kes ini ialah berkenaan dengan pengalaman dan perjalanan dalam kehidupan seorang usahawan bernama Tuan Haji Zambri bin Ahmad.Selepas menamatkan pengajian Hj.Zambri telah memulakan kerjayanya dalam beberapa buah syarikat swasta. Beliau seterusnya bergiat dalam bidang perniagaan dengan menubuhkan beberapa syarikat seperti Memo Baru Sdn Bhd. dan kemudiannya Best Bothworld Sdn Bhd. Kajian kes ini memaparkan ciri-ciri utama yang perlu dimiliki seseorang usahawan bagi menangani cabaran untuk memulakan perniagaan.Selain dari itu kajian kes ini membolehkan pelajar mengenalpasti cabarancabaran yang sering dihadapi oleh usahawan dalam dunia perniagaan

Perancangan perniagaan dan prestasi perniagaan: kajian ke atas PKS Islam di Malaysia

Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to examine whether the interpretation of asnaf al-gharimin for each state in Malaysia encompassing all those who are eligible to receive zakat. Design – Content analysis based on secondary data is used as the main method in examining the interpretation of asnaf al-gharimin in every state in Malaysia Findings – This study found that the interpretation of asnaf al-gharimin are not exhaustive and are not uniform among the states in Malaysia.Significance – Improvement of the interpretation of asnaf al-gharimin should be done by the relevant authorities

Effects of equity and debt financing on SME performance in Malaysia

This study is to examine and verify the existence of relationship between the source of capital via equity and debt financing, and the performance of small and medium enterprise (hereafter SME) in Malaysia.The study is run based on of postal survey using cluster sampling method. It comprises of 177 samples of Malaysian SMEs involving in manufacturing and agriculture sectors. Subsequently, two research hypotheses are developed and analysed.It is found that equity financing has significant positive relationship on the business performance, while debt financing is insignificant.The study suggests that SMEs in Malaysia to employ equity financing as a source of business capital, for its potential (capability) in affecting the performance of business

Pengaruh persekitaran luaran ke atas prestasi perniagaan PKS

This paper examines the influence of the external environment on business performance of SMEs in Malaysia. Previous studies have show that there was inconsistent relationship between external environment variables and business performance. Three external environment variables were examined in this study namely dynamic, hostility and munifience. By using simple random sampling technique, a total of 143 SMEs in Malaysia were used as samples in this study. Correlation analysis and multiple regression were used to test the three hypothesis. Results of the analysis showed that the three independent variables, i.e., dynamic, hostility and munifience have positive significant relationships with business performance. It is hoped that the findings from this study can be utilized by the government, entrepreneurs, researchers and other stakeholders in the field of SMEs in Malaysia

The influences of basic physical properties of clayey silt and silty sand on its laboratory electrical resistivity value in loose and dense conditions

Non-destructive test which refers to electrical resistivity method is recently popular in engineering, environmental, archaeological and mining studies. Based on the previous studies, the results on electrical resistivity interpretation were often debated due to lack of clarification and evidences in quantitative perspective. Traditionally, most of the previous result interpretations were depending on qualitative point of view which is risky to produce unreliable outcomes. In order to minimise those problems, this study has performed a laboratory experiment on soil box electrical resistivity test which was supported by an additional basic physical properties of soil test like particle size distribution test (d), moisture content test (w), density test (ρbulk) and Atterberg limit test (LL, PL and PI). The test was performed to establish a series of electrical resistivity value (ERV) with different quantity of water content for clayey silt and silty sand in loose and dense condition. Apparently, the soil resistivity value was different under loose (L) and dense (C) conditions with moisture content and density variations (silty SAND = ERVLoose: 600 - 7300 Ωm & ERVDense: 490 - 7900 Ωm while Clayey SILT = ERVLoose: 13 - 7700 Ωm & ERVDense: 14 - 8400 Ωm) due to several factors. Moreover, correlation of moisture content (w) and density (ρbulk) due to the ERV was established as follows; Silty SAND: w(L) = 638.8ρ-0.418, w(D) = 1397.1ρ-0.574, ρBulk(L) = 2.6188e-6E-05ρ, ρBulk(D) = 4.099ρ-0.07 while Clayey SILT: w(L) = 109.98ρ-0.268, w(D) = 121.88ρ-0.363, ρBulk(L) = -0.111ln(ρ) + 1.7605, ρBulk(D) = 2.5991ρ-0.037 with determination coefficients, R2 that varied from 0.5643 – 0.8927. This study was successfully demonstrated that the consistency of ERV was greatly influenced by the variation of soil basic physical properties (d, w, ρBulk, LL, PL and PI). Finally, the reliability of the ERV result interpretation can be enhanced due to its ability to produce a meaningful outcome based on supported data from basic geotechnical properties

The influences of basic physical properties of clayey silt and silty sand on its laboratory electrical resistivity value in loose and dense conditions

Non-destructive test which refers to electrical resistivity method is recently popular in engineering, environmental, archaeological and mining studies. Based on the previous studies, the results on electrical resistivity interpretation were often debated due to lack of clarification and evidences in quantitative perspective. Traditionally, most of the previous result interpretations were depending on qualitative point of view which is risky to produce unreliable outcomes. In order to minimise those problems, this study has performed a laboratory experiment on soil box electrical resistivity test which was supported by an additional basic physical properties of soil test like particle size distribution test (d), moisture content test (w), density test (ρbulk) and Atterberg limit test (LL, PL and PI). The test was performed to establish a series of electrical resistivity value (ERV) with different quantity of water content for clayey silt and silty sand in loose and dense condition. Apparently, the soil resistivity value was different under loose (L) and dense (C) conditions with moisture content and density variations (silty SAND = ERVLoose: 600 - 7300 Ωm & ERVDense: 490 - 7900 Ωm while Clayey SILT = ERVLoose: 13 - 7700 Ωm & ERVDense: 14 - 8400 Ωm) due to several factors. Moreover, correlation of moisture content (w) and density (ρbulk) due to the ERV was established as follows; Silty SAND: w(L) = 638.8ρ-0.418, w(D) = 1397.1ρ-0.574, ρBulk(L) = 2.6188e-6E-05ρ, ρBulk(D) = 4.099ρ-0.07 while Clayey SILT: w(L) = 109.98ρ-0.268, w(D) = 121.88ρ-0.363, ρBulk(L) = -0.111ln(ρ) + 1.7605, ρBulk(D) = 2.5991ρ-0.037 with determination coefficients, R2 that varied from 0.5643 – 0.8927. This study was successfully demonstrated that the consistency of ERV was greatly influenced by the variation of soil basic physical properties (d, w, ρBulk, LL, PL and PI). Finally, the reliability of the ERV result interpretation can be enhanced due to its ability to produce a meaningful outcome based on supported data from basic geotechnical properties

General Relationship between Field Electrical Resistivity Value (ERV) and Basic Geotechnical Properties (BGP)

Electrical resistivity technique is a popular alternative method used in geotechnical soil investigations. Most past applications have been particularly in the area of subsurface ground investigations such as to locate boulder, bedrock, water table, etc. Traditionally, this method was performed by a geophysicist expert for data acquisition, processing and interpretation. The final outcome from the electrical resistivity technique was an anomaly image which used to describe and conclude the particular soil condition measured. The anomalies highlighted uncertainties on the nature of soil that was often variable and depended on each particular site condition that gave a site dependent soil electrical resistivity value (ERV). Hence, this study demonstrates a relationship between ERV (ρ) and some of the basic geotechnical properties (BGP) such as soil moisture content (w), grain size of geomaterial (CS or FS), density (ρbulk and ρdry), porosity (η), void ratio (e) and Atterberg limit (AL). Different soil samples were collected and tested under field and laboratory conditions to determine basic geotechnical properties immediately after the field electrical resistivity method was performed. It was found that the electrical resistivity value was different for number of soils tested and was relatively subjective to variations in the geotechnical properties. In other words, electrical resistivity value was greatly influenced by the geotechnical properties as the ERV was higher due to the lower moisture content, void ratio and porosity with a higher value of soil density and vice versa. The relationship of ERV and BGP can be described by ρ α 1/w, ρ α CS, ρ α 1/FS, ρ α ρbulk/dry and ρ α 1/AL. Hence, it was shown that behaviour of ERV was significantly influenced by the variation of basic soil properties and thus applicable to support and enhance the conventional stand alone anomaly outcome which is traditionally used for interpretation purposes

Linking Intrapreneurial Risk-Taking to Academic Leaders’ Performance

Although significant relationships have been recorded between the variables of individual-level risk-taking propensity and performance in many sectors, the effect of this relationship remains less studied particularly as it relates to the individual performance of academic leaders operating in public universities. Hence, this study is aimed to determine the significant effect of intrapreneurial risk-taking on its relationship to academic leaders’ performance in Malaysian public universities. A quantitative research design based on the questionnaire survey was used to collect data. A total of 246 usable responses were received from middle-level academic leaders of twenty public universities throughout the country. They mostly comprised of faculty deans, academic heads of department, directors of academic centre of excellence, and programme chairpersons. The findings revealed a significant and positive relationship between intrapreneurial risk-taking behaviour andperformance

Soil resistivity influence due to the different utilization of electrical resistivity array

Electrical resistivity method (ERM) was increasingly adopted as an alternative tool in shallow subsurface exploration by the geotechnical engineers. This study presents the influence of soil electrical resistivity value (ERV) due to the different types of electrical resistivity array used in practice. The dissimilarity of ERV has always become a popular argument by engineers to the geophysicist due to its less fundamental knowledge of electrical resistivity method. From past experienced, the fundamental of ERM was less being exposed by the engineer thus creating several black boxes of the ERM basic theory which importantly required during the data acquisition and processing stages. Hence, the result produced from the ERM was difficult to deliver in a sound of definitive ways due to lack of knowledge and experienced of most engineers. Hence, this study presents the influence of soil ERV due to the different types of array used with particular reference to Wenner, Schlumberger, Dipole-dipole and Pole-dipole. A line of electrical resistivity imaging was performed on small embankment of lateritic soil in loose condition with different types of array using ABEM SAS (4000) equipment set. Three in line of soil samples were tested for moisture content (w) test immediately after the electrical resistivity data acquisition was completely measured. Moreover, particle size distribution test using dry and wet sieve was also being performed in order support to the ERV findings. It was found that the ERV was different for each types of array used even it was performed on the same particular location of the survey line. However, it was found that there is a consistent relationship between ERV and moisture content results which can be represent by ERV ∞ 1/w. Hence, it was found that ERV can be influenced by types of array used during the field measurement despite of the physical and chemical influences. Each types of array were applicable in subsurface profile investigation which normally subjected to the several considerations such as object target and the maximum depth of interest investigated