Pengurusan Pembiayaan Perdagangan Antarabangsa Islam Dalam Sistem Perbankan Islam Di Malaysia

Perkhidmatan pembiayaan perdagangan antarabangsa mula diperkenalkan dalam sistem perbankan Islam di Malaysia pada awal 1990an apabila terdapat keperluan terhadap instrumen-instrumen Islam dalam bentuk perdagangan terutamanya di peringkat antarabangsa. Kebanyakan instrumen-instrumen pembiayaan perdagangan adalah berasaskan instrumen konvensional seperti surat jaminan bank (BG), surat kredit(LC), bil penerimaan(AB), jaminan perkapalan(SG), pembiayaan semula kredit eksport (ECR dan lain-lain. Untuk membolehkannya diterima oleh perbankan Islam, maka beberapa pengubahsuaian dilakukan supaya selaras dengan kehendak syariah seperti mengaplikasikan kontrak-kontrak muamalat Islam dalam produk-produk tersebut . Kontrak-kontrak muamalat yang banyak digunakan dalam produk-produk pembiayaan perdagangan antarabangsa Islam ialah murabahah, bai- al-dayn, kafalah dan wakalah. Kertas kerja ini menganalisis pengurusan pembiayaan perdagangan antarabangsa secara Islam yang dilaksanakan oleh bank-bank Islam di Malaysia dari aspek kontrak-kontrak muamalat yang digunakan dan produk-produk yang ditawarkan

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The concept of dimension in human resource management from Islamic management perspective

This paper is attempts to discuss the concept of dimension in human resource management (HRM) from Islamic management perspective.Based on library research, a few HRM dimensions are proposed, such as recruitment and selection, compensation, knowledge management, leadership and employee relations. In short, this paper is perhaps the first that discuss in detail on HRM from the Islamic management perspective.Hence, the findings of this study could assist policy makers on how to discover and understand new dimensions of human resource management from Islamic management perspective

Konsep niat menurut Imam Ghazali daripada perspektif gelagat kepenggunaan

Islam mementingkan niat dalam setiap tindakan kerana sesuatu perbuatan adat boleh berubah menjadi ibadat. Jika ditelusuri niat dalam teori Barat, mereka tidak menitikberatkan soal pahala dalam setiap tindakan yang dilakukan. Dalam kepenggunaan, walaupun niat turut dititiberatkan oleh para sarjana Barat selain Islam, namun yang membezakan kedua-duanya adalah perkara ukhurawi yang disentuh oleh Islam. Niat penting kerana ia mampu mendorong seseorang bertindak dengan berhikmah dan membawa manfaat untuk hari akhirat. Antara ulama yang banyak membincangkan tentang niat dalam aktiviti seharian adalah Imam al- hazali. Kebanyakan kajian lepas yang berkaitan niat pengguna adalah berteraskan teori yang diperkenalkan oleh Barat tanpa merujuk perbincangan teori Islam mengenainya. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan meneliti konsep niat dalam kepenggunaan menurut pandangan Imam al-Ghazali yang merupakan seorang sarjana ulung dunia Islam. Metode kajian adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Kajian ini mendapati niat akan menentukan pahala seseorang dalam aktiviti kepenggunaan yang dilakukannya. Oleh itu, pengguna perlu menetapkan niat yang betul dalam aktiviti kepenggunaan agar perbuatan yang dilakukan bernilai di sisi Allah SWT

Al-Qabd (pemilikan) dan pelaksanaanya dalam surat kredit-i murabahah

Perkhidmatan pembiayaan perdagangan antarabangsa mula diperkenalkan dalam sistem perbankan Islam di Malaysia pada awal 1990an apabila terdapat keperluan terhadap instrumen-instrumen Islam dalam bentuk perdagangan terutamanya di peringkat antarabangsa.Surat Kredit-i merupakan salah satu metod pembayaran yang diamalkan dalam perdagangan antarabangsa. Surat kredit-i murabahah merupakan antara metod utama yang diamalkan oleh sistem perbankan Islam di Malaysia.Antara isu syariah yang seringkali dibangkitkan ketika perlaksanaan surat kredit ini adalah berkaitan pemilikan barangan (al-qabd). Kertas kerja ini mengupas dan menganalisis tentang konsep al-qabd, pandangan fuqaha silam dan kontemporari serta isu-isu syariah yang berbangkit khususnya ketika perlaksanaan surat kredit-i murabahah dalam transaksi perdagangan antarabangsa Islam

Sheikh Ahmad Al-Fatani and his Bisyaratul ‘Amilin wa Nazaratul ghafilin: a contribution in Hadith studies

Manuscripts on Hadith written by scholars from the Malay Archipelago had begun in the 17th century. Ahmad al-Fatani who is the subject of discussion in this present paper had written several manuscripts that can be categorized under the earliest writings in field of Hadith. Even though the obvious integral subjects of the writings were on similar discussions on tasawuf and fiqh, however he was evaluated and judged by his successors as a very meticulous and vigilant scholar with regards to transmitting Hadiths. He wrote both in Arabic and Malay languages. Among his manuscripts which were classified by Wan Mohd Saghir Abdullah as works on Hadith are Kitab Bisyaratul ‘Amilin Wa Nazaratul Ghafilin. This paper examines the main idea of his work which is considered as a reference in traditional madrasah system in the region