Imbangan Endapan Dan Nutrien Antara Kawasan Tadahan Sg. Kurau Dengan Kolam Selatan Takungan Bukit Merah, Perak.

Pengeluaran baban endapan serta nutrien berhubung rapat dengan fenomena air larian yang merupakan punca bakisan, penyimpanan dan pengangkutan di dalam lembangan sungai yang kemudiannya masuk ke dalam sistem saluran dan tasik Sediment and nutrient production is closely linked with surface runoff that cause erosion, transport, storage and in river basins which then enter into the lake ecosystem

Analisis Ruang-Masa Dan Impaknya Kepada Hasilan Sedimen Di Sungai Daerah Barat Daya, Pulau Pinang

Pulau Pinang dengan keluasan tanah yang terhad telah mengalami perubahan gunatanah yang pesat dari segi pertanian, petempatan, perbandaran dan pelbagai aktiviti manusia sejak 20 tahun kebelakangan ini. Perubahan gunatanah adalah salah satu daripada beberapa faktor penting yang mempengaruhi degradasi tanih oleh hakisan. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menganggarkan hasilan sedimen lampau menggunakan Universal Soill Loss Equations (USLE) dan pertaliannya dengan perubahan gunatanah yang berlaku bagi tahun 1974, 1984, 2004 dan 2012 bagi 19 lembangan sungai di kawasan Barat Daya Pulau Pinang. Lima faktor utama yang diambil kira dalam pengiraan USLE dalam menganggarkan kehilangan tanih adalah faktor R bagi erosiviti hujan, faktor K - erodibiliti tanih, faktor LS- panjang cerun, faktor C- pengurusan penanaman dan faktor P- amalan kawalan hakisan. Metodologi yang digunakan ialah melibatkan pengumpulan data primer (persampelan sedimen dan pengukuran aliran sungai), dan data sekunder (peta gunatanah, jenis tanih dan rekod hujan). Keluk kadaran dan USLE digunakan untuk mengganggarkan hasilan sedimen. Analisis Landskap Metrik juga digunakan bagi mengkaji gunatanah mana yang dominan dan kesan rebakan yang mempengaruhi nilai hasilan sedimen. Pulau Pinang has limited sources of land, and has been undergoing a rapid land use changes through agriculture, settlement, and urbanisation and many more human activities. Land use changes is one of the many important factors controlling the land degradation by erosion. The main objective of this study is to estimate past sediment yield using Universal Soill Loss Equations (USLE) and its relationship with land uses in 1974, 1984, 2004 and 2012, for 19 catchments in the Barat Daya Region of Pulau Pinang. Five factors that adapted to the study areas using USLE were factor R is the rainfall erosivity; K is the soil erodibility; LS is the slope length and steepness factor; C is the land cover and management factor and P is the support conservation practice factor. Methodology used involves primary data collection (sediment sampling and streamflow gauging), and secondary data collection (land uses and soil maps; past rainfall records). Landscape Metrics Analysis was used to investigate which land uses were dominant and the spreading of the land uses affecting the sediment yield

Implementation of education for sustainable development in geography subjects among trainee teachers

Education for sustainable development (ESD) is a truly positive measure. This study was unique in that it made students aware of the positive qualities. Therefore, ESD is crucial to be inculcated among students. If the students are provided with in-depth knowledge related to sustainable development, hence it is not impossible for the sustainable development concept to come true. The study was conducted at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Perak, Malaysia. The respondents involved are geography students who have undergone teacher training in semester 7 and semester 8. This study also focused on the level of knowledge and the level of mastery among trainee teachers on ESD. In addition, this study was carried out for the trainee teachers to obtain the data the on the implementation of ESD values in teaching and learning (T&L) of geography subjects via a survey. Result showed that T&L of geography subjects shall be interesting and challenging so that students can enjoy fun learning. Teachers need to be smart in finding approaches to be tailored to the curriculum, especially in the geography subjects

An estimation of sediment yield using universal soil loss (USLE) and rating curve in Barat Daya District of Penang, Malaysia

Sediment yield estimation in rivers at the regional or local scale is very important especially in term of managing the water resources in the catchment area. The sediment yield usually calculated either from direct measurement of sediment concentration in rivers or from sediment transport equation at a particular outlet point in the catchment. A total of 19 rivers were selected as sampling sites located at the Barat Daya District of Penang. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used to estimate the sediment yield in the study area by integrating with the Geographic Information System (GIS) to generate maps of the USLE factors, which are rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), crop management (C), and conservation practice (P) factors. A sediment rating curves of the study area was developed to verify the accuracy as well as comparison to the sediment yield estimated by USLE. The results show good correlation between the sediment yield estimated by USLE and observed data (r2 is 0.62). The sediment yield estimated in the year 1974 was 1300 ton/km2/year, 1984 was 1921 ton/km2/year, 2004 was 1919 ton/km2/year and 2012 was 2336 ton/km2/year. Based on the land use analysis, agricultural activity was dominant in the Barat Daya area and contributes much of the sediment into the river system

The level of STEM knowledge, skills, and values among the students of bachelor’s degree of education in geography

The demand for individuals with educational background in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields has been rapidly growing. This paper presents the level of STEM education knowledge, skills and values among the students of Bachelor’s Degree of Education (B.Ed.) in Geography at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Research on STEM education study in geography involves assessing the STEM knowledge, skills and values. This article reports the findings from the survey conducted on 400 students of ISMP in Geography in the first to the eighth semester in 2018. The research instrument involves variables such as knowledge, skills and value. The items for each variable were constructed and modified based on the STEM implementation guide set by the Ministry of Education Malaysia and the Academy of Sciences Malaysia, and validated by the experts. Descriptive analysis was selected to evaluate the level of STEM knowledge, skills and values among the students. The findings show that the students indeed possess high level of STEM knowledge, skills and values. Overall, this study is important to examine the variables that influence the development in Geography and STEM. In a nutshell, this study will help the departments and faculties to further improve the development in Geography field at both national and international levels

Suspended sediment and phosphorus budget and trophic status of Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak, Malaysia

Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR) is one of the 51 impoundments in Malaysia. BMR is the oldest reservoir built in the early 1900s originally to store water for irrigation, but nowadays its functions include also flood control and water supply. Nowadays, it is threatened by land use change in the upper catchments and surrounding activities, which feeding eroded material and chemicals into the reservoir. Suspended sediment, as well as, nutrient fluxes into BMR are becoming an increasing threat to the reservoir, as its sedimentation and eutrophication accelerate. This paper discusses our study on the BMR carried out between March 2008 and April 2009 to assess the water quality status, and to determine the sediment and Total Phosphorus (TP) influx into the south pool lake. An estimated amount of suspended sediment fluxes of about 2,900 t year−1 came from the north pool lake (18%) and 12,900 t year−1 from the main Kurau River inlet (82% of the total input to the BMR). Of these total sediment input (nearly 15,800 t) about 5,600 t (36%) of the total sediment influx was trapped in the BMR. TP influx was about 18.8 t year−1 and about 7 t (37%) was trapped in the reservoir. The amount sediment and TP stored in the BMR affect the water quality of the lake, therefore the mean trophic state of the lake is eutrophic (TSI of 54.4) related to high productivity. Increasing sediment input into the reservoir has affected the reservoir volume and frequent flooding down-stream of the reservoir during rainy seasons, while eutrophication has caused the lake water quality deterioration

Suspended sediment, phosphorus budget and trophic status of Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak, Malaysia

Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR) is one of the 51 impoundments in Malaysia. BMR is the oldest reservoir built in the early 1900s originally to store water for irrigation, but nowadays its functions include also flood control and water supply. Nowadays, it is threatened by land use change in the upper catchments and surrounding activities, which feeding eroded material and chemicals into the reservoir. Suspended sediment, as well as, nutrient fluxes into BMR are becoming an increasing threat to the reservoir, as its sedimentation and eutrophication accelerate. This paper discusses our study on the BMR carried out between March 2008 and April 2009 to assess the water quality status, and to determine the sediment and Total Phosphorus (TP) influx into the south pool lake. An estimated amount of suspended sediment fluxes of about 2,900 t year-1 came from the north pool lake (18%) and 12,900 t year-1 from the main Kurau River inlet (82% of the total input to the BMR). Of these total sediment input (nearly 15,800 t) about 5,600 t (36%) of the total sediment influx was trapped in the BMR. TP influx was about 18.8 t year-1 and about 7 t (37%) was trapped in the reservoir. The amount sediment and TP stored in the BMR affect the water quality of the lake, therefore the mean trophic state of the lake is eutrophic (TSI of 54.4) related to high productivity. Increasing sediment input into the reservoir has affected the reservoir volume and frequent flooding downstream of the reservoir during rainy seasons, while eutrophication has caused the lake water quality deterioration

Suspended Sediment Concentration and Sediment Loading of Bernam River (Perak, Malaysia)

This paper presents some of our preliminary results on the sediment discharge and load based on weekly sampling starting from Oct 2017 to January 2018. Results show that sediment rating curve of Bernam River was R2 = 0.86 high flow and R2 = 0.5 low flow. Average sediment loading throughout this sampling period is 1,144 t. Land use activity is expected to be the main contribution for the highest sediment concentration during rain events. The amount of annual sediment yield was estimated at 23 t/km2/year and is comparable to other studies having similar land uses in the catchment area

Suspended sediment and phosphorus budget and trophic status of Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak, Malaysia

Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR) is one of the 51 impoundments in Malaysia. BMR is the oldest reservoir built in the early 1900s originally to store water for irrigation, but nowadays its functions include also flood control and water supply. Nowadays, it is threatened by land use change in the upper catchments and surrounding activities, which feeding eroded material and chemicals into the reservoir. Suspended sediment, as well as, nutrient fluxes into BMR are becoming an increasing threat to the reservoir, as its sedimentation and eutrophication accelerate. This paper discusses our study on the BMR carried out between March 2008 and April 2009 to assess the water quality status, and to determine the sediment and Total Phosphorus (TP) influx into the south pool lake. An estimated amount of suspended sediment fluxes of about 2,900 t year−1 came from the north pool lake (18%) and 12,900 t year−1 from the main Kurau River inlet (82% of the total input to the BMR). Of these total sediment input (nearly 15,800 t) about 5,600 t (36%) of the total sediment influx was trapped in the BMR. TP influx was about 18.8 t year−1 and about 7 t (37%) was trapped in the reservoir. The amount sediment and TP stored in the BMR affect the water quality of the lake, therefore the mean trophic state of the lake is eutrophic (TSI of 54.4) related to high productivity. Increasing sediment input into the reservoir has affected the reservoir volume and frequent flooding down-stream of the reservoir during rainy seasons, while eutrophication has caused the lake water quality deterioration

Construct Validity of the Knowledge and Skills in a Geography STEM Education Instrument among Prospective Teachers: Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) subjects refer to school education policies and curriculum options to increase competitiveness in science and technology for students. Geography connects STEM disciplines with the application of geographical technology and tools, which can better understand cross-disciplinary phenomena to address critical problems. This study was carried out to validate the construct of the knowledge and skills in a geography STEM education instrument among prospective teachers in Malaysia. The respondents consisted of 400 students of semesters one to eight from the Bachelor of Education in Geography program, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia, who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The constructs studied were the knowledge and skills in geography STEM education. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for item component grouping. The analysis results showed that the reliability value of Cronbach's alpha was at a high classification, which exceeded 0.70. The result of the EFA showed two components generated from the knowledge construct: STEM Knowledge and Applied Knowledge, and one component from the skill construct known as STEM Skill. Regarding the measurement model, CFA results showed that the solution was suitable and acceptable based on the suggested indicators. Therefore, the 25-item measurement model developed is suitable to measure the knowledge and skills in geography STEM education among prospective teachers in Malaysia.