Dyeing studies with henna and madder: A research on effect of tin (II) chloride mordant

The present paper deals with the application of natural dyes extracted from powdered henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaves and madder (Rubia cordifolia) roots on woolen yarn and assessment of effect of stannous chloride mordant on dyeability, color characteristics, fastness properties and antifungal activity of dyed woolen yarn. Sixteen shades have been developed for the characterization of their color characteristics and fastness properties. The color strength (K/S value) has been found to be very good in all dyed woolen yarn samples. The color fastness with respect to light exposure, washing and rubbing was quite satisfactory for both henna as well as madder dyed samples. Henna leaves extract was found very effective against Candida glabrata both in solution as well as after application on wool substrate but no antifungal activity is reported in case of madder both in solution as well as on wool substrate

Cancer morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis: role of estrogen metabolites

Estrogen metabolites have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cancer, although the mechanism remains unestablished. Some estrogen metabolites, which are used for the assessment of cancer risk, play an important role in RA. The pathways by which malignancies associated with RA remain elusive. Possible mechanism involves enzymatic or nonenzymatic oxidation of estrogen into catecholestrogen metabolites through semiquinone and quinone redox cycle to produce free radicals that can cause DNA modifications. Modifications of DNA alter its immunogenicity and trigger various immune responses leading to elevated levels of cancer and RA antibodies. However, the role of different estrogen metabolites as a mediator of immune response cannot be ruled out in various immune-related diseases

Autoantibodies and Cytokines in Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder in which increased autoantibody production and enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines are the hallmark of the disease. A strictly controlled balance of antibody production and proinflammatory cytokines is the key to the healthy state. A slight tilt in this balance causes proinflammatory diseases. In RA there is an increased production of autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA), anti-cartilage type II antibodies, and etc., which have a prominent clinical significance. Furthermore, there is increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1) which have an impact of great magnitude on the RA disease progression and severity. A better understanding of the mechanism of autoantibody production and secretion of cytokines together with crosstalk between immune cells and cytokines can provide us a better insight into the disease pathogenesis as well disease prognosis and management

Behavioural intention of tourists towards volunteer tourism: A developing country perspective

Purpose: Although volunteer tourism has been studied via several theoretical lenses, little is known about the behavioural intention of potential volunteer tourists from developing nations. This study aimed to identify the behavioural intention of potential volunteer tourists and the factors motivating them. This study extends the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to identify the potential volunteer tourists’ behavioural intentions by adding four motivations: altruism, personal development, escape, and travel. Methods: A total of 272 valid responses were collected through an online survey. SmartPLS 3.0 was used to test the hypotheses. Results: The findings indicate that attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, escape, and personal development positively influences potential volunteer tourists’ intention to take part in volunteer tourism programs. However, altruism and travel do not influence the potential volunteer tourists’ intention to take part in volunteer tourism programs. Implications: Volunteer tourism organisers will get help from the present study’s findings to design or improve volunteer tourism programs and activities accordingly, resulting in improved volunteer tourism experiences and, ultimately, impacting the tourists’ intention to take part in volunteer tourism programs

An empirical investigation of disclosure item of internet financial reporting in Malaysia

This research attempts to investigate the current status on the disclosure item of internet financial reporting (IFR) among listed companies in Bursa Malaysia based on preparers and users perception. Content analyses are used to provide evidence on internet financial reporting practices by 280 listed companies.The issues of the disclosure item of IFR of the companies listed in Bursa Malaysia.According to a comprehensive review, the evaluation of IFR will be separated into two dimensions which are content dimension and presentation dimension.The items of disclosure in the development of the IFR disclosure index are based on the perspective of preparers and users. Based on the research findings, the level of IFR started from 56.43 to 87.14 per cent.The findings also showed that the overall level of IFR listed companies in Bursa Malaysia were considered good. The implications of the research findings and future research have been discussed

Psychological Dimensions of Personality on Padmashree and Former Indian Hockey Captain Zafar Iqbal

The purpose of the present study is to highlight the valuable contribution of Mr. Zafar Iqbal for winning the last gold medal for India in the 1980 Moscow Olympics. He led the Indian team as a captain in various international events, prominent among them were Asian Games in 1982, Champions trophy, 1983, and 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. He was honoured by carrying the Indian flag at the youth festival held in Moscow, and later at the opening ceremony of the Los Angeles Olympics. He received the prestigious Arjuna Award in 1983, the highest award given to a sports personality in India. Mr. Zafar Iqbal was recruited as subjects of the study. To find out the score of Arjuna Awardee Zafar Iqbal on Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. The NEO five-factor inventory scale was developed by Costa and McCrae (1991). Results have revealed that Mr. Zafar Iqbal scored average on neuroticism, extraversion and openness dimensions, and low on agreeableness and high on conscientiousness

Amalan terminologi dan istilah perakaunan dalam penyata kewangan versi Bahasa Melayu oleh syarikat di Malaysia

Kajian ini dijalankan adalah bertujuan untuk meneliti penggunaan terminologi dan istilah dalam penyata kewangan syarikat yang tersenarai di Bursa Malaysia.Penelitan dibuat ke atas syarikat adalah selama sepuluh tahun bermula pada tahun 201 sehinga tahun 2010.Sebanyak 234 buah sampel syarikat daripada jumlah populasi syarikat yang tersenarai di Bursa Malaysia iaitu sebanyak 84 buah syarikat pada tahun 2010. Kajian dijalankan berpandukan kepada Financial Reporting Standards (FRS) 101 bagi Pembentangan Pelaporan Kewangan syarikat.Kesemua sampel perlu mempunyai data kewangan mengunakan Bahasa Melayu dalam laporan tahunan.Penelitan yang lebih terperinci dilakukan terhadap pengunan terminologi yang digunakan di dalam Penyata Kedudukan Kewangan, Penyata Kewangan Komprehensif, Penyata Perubahan Ekuit dan Penyata Aliran Tunai.Manakala tumpuan istilah yang digunakan terhadap penghutang, pemiutang dan juga stok.Hasil kajian turut membuktikan bahawa tahap pengunan terminologi dan istilah Bahasa Melayu bagi melaporkan maklumat kewangan dan perniagan syarikat adalah rendah di kalangan syarikat tersenarai di Bursa Malaysia. Kajian yang dijalankan ini adalah penting kepada kajian lanjutan berkaitan pelaporan penyata kewangan dalam pengunan terminologi dan istilah dalam Bahasa Melayu sebagai perantara di dalam penyampaian maklumat perakaunan

An eco-friendly dyeing of woolen yarn by Terminalia chebula extract with evaluations of kinetic and adsorption characteristics

In the present study Terminalia chebula was used as an eco-friendly natural colorant for sustainable textile coloration of woolen yarn with primary emphasis on thermodynamic and kinetic adsorption aspects of dyeing processes. Polyphenols and ellagitannins are the main coloring components of the dye extract. Assessment of the effect of pH on dye adsorption showed an increase in adsorption capacity with decreasing pH. Effect of temperature on dye adsorption showed 80 °C as optimum temperature for wool dyeing with T. chebula dye extract. Two kinetic equations, namely pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations, were employed to investigate the adsorption rates. Pseudo second-order model provided the best fit (R2 = 0.9908) to the experimental data. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption behavior accorded well (R2 = 0.9937) with Langmuir isotherm model. Variety of eco-friendly and sustainable shades were developed in combination with small amount of metallic mordants and assessed in terms of colorimetric (CIEL∗a∗b∗ and K/S) properties measured using spectrophotometer under D65 illuminant (10° standard observer). The fastness properties of dyed woolen yarn against light, washing, dry and wet rubbing were also evaluated