OVM compliant verification for a wishbone compatible i2c master controller core

Increasing design complexity and concurrency of Integrated Circuits has made traditional directed testbenches an unworkable solution for testing. Today, testing as a word has been substituted with verification. Verification engineers have to ensure what goes to the factory for manufacturing is an accurate representation of the design specification. Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) bus is a very widely used communication protocol in embedded system design due to its hardware simplicity and high data transfer rates capability. Most ICs incorporate I2C interface. Thus the ASIC design process of these ICs calls for robust, independent and exhaustive verification to reduce the risks of their failures. Open Verification Methodology (OVM) is an open source verification methodology library intended to run on multiple platforms and be supported by multiple EDA vendors. This thesis attempts to study and hence introduces a comprehensive verification environment for the latest specifications of the I2C bus protocol realized in the OVM platform, a new industry standard for comprehensive verification due to its rich base classes and OOP features. This work has been challenging since very few work has been reported in this domain for reference

Breeding Rice for Sustainable Bioenergy Production

Bioenergy including biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass has immense potential to meet growing energy demand of the ever-growing world population. Bioenergy will help to mitigate the environmental problems arising due to burning of fossil fuels. Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world population and is grown in more than 100 countries. Rice straw is rich in lignocellulose and several technologies are available for efficient extraction and conversion of cellulose to ethanol. Thus, the surplus rice straw can be utilised to produce biofuel, so as to replace conventional fossil fuel sources. But it is reported that the present-day rice varieties showing high lignocellulosic straw biomass have low grain yield potential. Hence, it is important to re orient the breeding strategies for developing dual purpose rice varieties that are bioenergy efficient without compromising grain yield

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment of Institutional Building Construction & Development of a Software for the Study of Accident and Loss Statistics in Industry

1.For any industry to be successful it is to identify the Hazards to assess the associated risks and to bring the risks to tolerable level. Construction activity because of the very nature of the operation, complexity of the systems, procedures and methods always involves some amount of hazards. Hazard identification and risk assessment plays an important role in construction industry to identify all the possible hazards present, evaluate the risk associated with the same and to take appropriate control measures before it leads to any emergency situation. Hazard identification and risk assessment performed at any stage in a project’s life cycle – conceptual design, preliminary design, detailed design, construction, ongoing operation, decommissioning, or demolition. In general, the earlier that a hazard is identified, the more cost-effectively it can be eliminated or managed. In this project work the hazard identification and risk assessment was carried out for the ongoing construction work of Golden Jubilee building. Inspection was carried out to identify various hazards present, evaluation of the consequences of risk done and appropriate control measures were provided to reduce risk. Based on the observation, a risk assessment prepared with additional control measures which can improve health and safety conditions at working site. 2.Construction industry is an important part of the economy in many countries. It is also a key driver for economic growth especially in developing countries. In most industrialized countries, the construction industry is one of the most significant in terms of contribution to gross domestic product and also has a significant impact on the health and safety of the workers. Work-related accidents cause a loss to the company as well as the employees. Accordingly, the Accident Prevention Advisory Unit of the Health and Safety Executive in the United Kingdom, which passed the world's first Occupational Health and Safety Act, surveyed the costs of work-related accidents in 1989. It shows that unlike other industries, the construction industry is project based, and the accident rates vary from one project to another depends on the type of project. In India the construction industry is responsible for one of the highest incidences of work-related accidents. Moreover, deaths, permanent disabilities and severe injuries have been on the increase for construction workers through major accidents and poor working conditions. In this project, a software was developed to calculate frequency rate, severity rate and incidence rate for the study of accident and loss statistics in industry. The important purpose of this is to reduce the accident rates in future and to improve the health and safety as well as the quality and productivity of industry which leads towards the success and development of industry

A Pragmatic Study of Management of Grade 3 and Grade 4 Haemorrhoids

Introduction: The word ‘Hemorrhoids’ is derived from Greek word Haima (bleed) + Rhoos (flowering), means bleeding. Hemorrhoids consist of vascular cushions that are intimately involved in the maintenance of continence and discrimination between flatus and faeces. Material and Methods: It is a hospital based prospective observational study conducted at Department of Surgery at a Tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 2 years from September 2018 to August 2020. Minimum 100 consecutive cases of Grade 3 and Grade 4 hemmorhoids were considered. A detailed history taking and a thorough clinical examination, which included digital rectal examination and proctoscopy was carried out after admission. Apart from routine preoperative investigations sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy were carried out if it was indicated. Results: There was a significant difference between the 3 groups in terms of Duration of Surgery (Minutes) (χ2 = 80.776, p = <0.001), with the median Duration of 76 minutes being highest in the Stapler group, next being with harmonic scalpel and then conventional hemorrhoidectomy in our study. There was a significant difference between the various groups in terms of distribution of intra-operative bleeding (χ2 = 175.460, p = <0.001). Participants in the Stapler group had the largest proportion of mild intra-operative bleeding. Participants in the Harmonic group had the largest proportion of moderate intra-operative bleeding. Participants in the Conventional group had the largest proportion of severe intra-operative bleeding. Conclusion: Amongst the three procedures, Stapled hemorrhoidectomy was superior to others as it has shown lower postoperative pain severity, less secondary bleeding, less urinary retention and led to earlier return to work in patients with hemorrhoids, based on telephone interviews over follow-up period

Duty cycle shift under static/dynamic aging in 28nm HK-MG technology

Aging due to bias-temperature-instability (BTI) is the dominant cause of functional failure in large scale logic circuits. Power efficient techniques such as clock gating or dynamic voltage scaling exacerbate the problem of asymmetric aging. Traditional analysis on synchronous circuits focuses on shift in data path delay and neglects the change in duty cycle. This work highlights the impact of NBTI and PBTI at advanced technology node on duty cycle shift which is important for edge triggered designs, such as latch based circuits. The contributions of this work are: (1) characterization, decoupling and model calibration of NBTI, PBTI and CHC data at 28nm HK-MG technology; (2) demonstration of monotonic shift of duty cycle under static stress condition and non-monotonic shift under dynamic stress, in which duty cycle converges to 50%. Additional PBTI component at 28nm HK-MG causes faster shift in duty cycle compared to conventional NBTI aging; (3) the sensitivity of long-term aging to the ratio between static and dynamic stress conditions. With PBTI, duty cycle shift is effectively reduced by dynamic stress.EICPCI-S(ISTP)CA71-CA752015-Ma