Entrepreneur gains success in scientific prawn and crab culture

This enterpreneur makes lucrative earning from prawn seed collection too. A scientifically trained prawn-culture farmer may supply up to 0.1 million prawn seeds/day/seaso

Co-operation between humoral and cellular immunity in pulmonary lung inflammation

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

Providers' knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis using vignettes:Evidence from rural Bihar, India

BACKGROUND: Almost 25% of all new cases of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide are in India, where drug resistance and low quality of care remain key challenges. METHODS: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of healthcare providers' knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of TB in rural Bihar, India, from June to September 2012. Using data from vignette-based interviews with 395 most commonly visited healthcare providers in study areas, we scored providers' knowledge and used multivariable regression models to examine their relationship to providers' characteristics. FINDINGS: 80% of 395 providers had no formal medical qualifications. Overall, providers demonstrated low levels of knowledge: 64.9% (95% CI 59.8% to 69.8%) diagnosed correctly, and 21.7% (CI 16.8% to 27.1%) recommended correct treatment. Providers seldom asked diagnostic questions such as fever (31.4%, CI 26.8% to 36.2%) and bloody sputum (11.1%, CI 8.2% to 14.7%), or results from sputum microscopy (20.0%, CI: 16.2% to 24.3%). After controlling for whether providers treat TB, MBBS providers were not significantly different, from unqualified providers or those with alternative medical qualifications, on knowledge score or offering correct treatment. MBBS providers were, however, more likely to recommend referrals relative to complementary medicine and unqualified providers (23.2 and 37.7 percentage points, respectively). INTERPRETATION: Healthcare providers in rural areas in Bihar, India, have low levels of knowledge regarding TB diagnosis and treatment. Our findings highlight the need for policies to improve training, incentives, task shifting and regulation to improve knowledge and performance of existing providers. Further, more research is needed on the incentives providers face and the role of information on quality to help patients select providers who offer higher quality care

Tribological property evaluation, optimization and performance of waste sunflower oil based green cutting fluid with silicon dioxide nanoparticles as additive

Mineral oil-based cutting fluids are hazardous and non-biodegradable, and their widespread usage has had a terrible effect on the environment and living things. The creation of a novel, ecologically sustainable cutting fluid technology is essential to avoid the above crisis. Commercial mineral oil alternatives are considered to possess identical lubricating properties as vegetable oils. Most vegetable oils are edible, so waste-cooking sunflower oil (WSO) is selected from this group to serve as the base stock for the green cutting fluid. The green cutting fluid is created using silicon dioxide nanoparticles as an additive and food-grade emulsifiers like Tween 80 and Span 80. According to the experimental findings, 0.05 weight percent silicon dioxide nanoparticles in the green cutting fluid performed better on a pin-on-disc tribometer

Cultural and Strategic Factors in South Asian Nuclear Arms Control

Future efforts at arms control are shifting to LDCs. We believe future agreements is could look very different from their cold war predecessors because third world decision making processes are influenced by many unaddressed factors, ranging from culture to historical antagonism, in addition to strategic and technical concerns. Utilizing game theory as well as historical and cultural analysis, we examine likely possibilities for arms control agreements in South Asia as a case study, and then analyze the logic behind these possibilities. Our findings about the cultural mind set and political preferences of leaders and their constituents lead us toward a specific hypothesis about how these factors influence the decision making process, a direction for the future study of other regions

Understanding the limits of remote focusing

It has previously been demonstrated in both simulation and experiment that well aligned remote focusing microscopes exhibit residual spherical aberration outside the focal plane. In this work, compensation of the residual spherical aberration is provided by the correction collar on the primary objective, controlled by a high precision stepper motor. A Shack-Hartmann wave front sensor is used to demonstrate the magnitude of the spherical aberration generated by the correction collar matches that predicted by an optical model of the objective lens. The limited impact of spherical aberration compensation on the diffraction limited range of the remote focusing system is described through a consideration of both on-axis and off-axis comatic and astigmatic aberrations, which are an inherent feature of remote focusing microscopes

Bumper landing of Dolphin fish (Coryphaena hippurus) by gill netters at Sassoon Dock, Mumbai

On15-11-06, an unprecedented catch of Coryphaena hippurus was landed at Sassoon Dock landing center by gill-netters