Implementation of Pre Compensation Fuzzy For a Cascade PID Controller Using Matlab Simulink

Fuzzy logic control technology has been widely and successfully utilized in numerous industrial applications. Since fuzzy logic with humanlike but systematic properties can convert linguistic control rule based on expert knowledge into automatic control strategies, it can be well applied to control the process with un modeled and nonlinear dynamics. In this paper a fuzzy logic based pre compensation scheme for PID controller is proposed. Fuzzy methods can be used effectively to implement conventional control methods for performance improvement. The scheme is based on graphically studying the source of steady state errors arising from applying PID type schemes of systems with dead zones. This work is based on trying to compensate for overshoot and undershoot by the transient response. This is easy to implement in practice since an existing PID controller can be used in conjunction with the fuzzy pre compensator without modification Keywords: Fuzzy controller, PID Controller ,Fuzzification, Defuzzification

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN, LINAGLIPTIN IN JENTADUETO AND METFORMIN, SAXAGLIPTIN IN KOMBIGLYZE BY LC-MS METHOD

Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to develop a novel, simple and economic method for the determination of metformin (MET), linagliptin (LIN) and saxagliptin (SAX) in jentadueto and kombiglyze sample by employing the liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric method for estimation in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form in presence of degradation products.Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved by using the mobile phase composition of methanol and ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.5 (85:15 % v/v) on the Hypurity advance C-18 column at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Ion signals m/z 130.10/70.10, 473.10/420.40 and 316.30/180.20†for metformin, linagliptin and saxagliptin respectively measured in positive ion mode. The detailed validation of the method was performed as per ICH guidelines.Results: The results of all validation parameters found within acceptance limits. The linearity of the drugs was found to be in the concentration range of 50–5000 ng/ml for all the drugs. Accuracy of the drugs was found to be from 94-102% and precision was found 4.67% RSD for all three drugs. The validated method was employed for the determination of drugs in the formulation and also determined the drugs in the presence of degradation products under stress conditions.Conclusion: The method was developed and validated as per guidelines. Hence, this method can be used for the simultaneous determination of metformin, linagliptin and metformin, saxagliptin in bulk and combined dosage forms

HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF THE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WHOLE PLANT OF BORRERIA ARTICULARIS ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS

The hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Borreria articularis (L.F) F.N. Willams: (Rubiaceae) at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were evaluated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication in rats. The toxic group which received 25%CCl4inolive oil (1 ml/kg) per oral (p.o), alone exhibited significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, TBlevels. It also exhibited significant (P<0.001) decrease in TP and ALB levels. The groups received pretreatment of Borreria articularis at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w.p.o. had reduced the AST, ALT, ALP and TB levels and the effects were compared withstandarddrug(Silymarin100mg/kgb.w.p.o).Thetotal protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) levels were significantly increased in the animalsreceived pretreatment of the extract at the moderate and higher dose levels and the histopathological studies also supported the protective effect of the extract

ATIBALA: AN OVERVIEW

Abutilon indicum is known as „Atibala‟ in Sanskrit. Literally, „Ati‟ means very and „Bala‟ means powerful, referring to the properties of this plant as very powerful. A. indicum is a hairy herb or under shrub distributed throughout the tropica. In traditional systems of medicine, various plant parts such as roots, leaves, flowers, bark, seeds, and stems have been used as antioxidant, demulcent, laxative, diuretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiulcer. The present review is therefore an effort to give the detailed survey of literature on its pharamcognosy, phytochemistry as well as traditional and pharmacological uses

Evaluation of anti ulcer activity of ethanolic root extract of Beta vulgaris in rats

Background: Beta vulgaris (chenopodiacea) is a plant reported for its variety of ethnic medicinal uses. Hence we have planned to screen anti ulcer activity of root of the plant with the alcoholic extract. Root powders successively extracted with alcohol and were subjected for phytochemical screening to identify different phytoconstituents.Methods: Anti ulcer activity was evaluated in various animal models like pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models in rats.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, polyphenols. No mortality was observed with root extract up to maximum dose level of 4g/kg. Further alcoholic extract of 200 and 400mg/ kg / p.o significantly (p˂0.01) reduced the ulcer score, ulcer number, ulcer index, free acidity and total acidity in pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models in rats.Conclusions: The present study revealed that the root extract of Beta vulgaris has antiulcer activity

Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Response to Stress Induced by the Administration of Amikacin Injection by Autoinjector in Animals

The drugs administered by autoinjectors, may act fast reducing the morbidity and mortality in critical and emergency situations. Amikacin drug cartridge was developed for the autoinjector as an antibacterial drug for critical situations and its tolerability was studied. Rats were given either 3 doses or 7 doses on consecutive days by the autoinjector (intraperitoneal, 63 mg/mL). Blood was withdrawn on the 4th day (3 doses) or the 8th day (7 doses), and haematological and biochemical parameters were studied. All the parameters studied were within the limits and did not show any significant difference when compared with the control. Rabbits were given 3 doses of two concentrations (intramuscular, 63 or 250 mg/mL) and on the 4th day blood was withdrawn for the haematological and biochemical estimations. 63 mg/mL cartridge did not show any significant change while 250 mg/mL cartridge showed significant change in the haematological and biochemical parameters. This study showed that intraperitoneal injection of amikacin by the autoinjector designed for intramuscular injection was well tolerated by the rats. In the rabbits, low dose (63 mg/mL) was tolerated while the higher dose, which is an adult human dose (250 mg/mL) showed significant changes.Defence Science Journal, 2014, 64(2), pp. 99-105. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.503

Propellant Grade Hydrazine in Mono/Bi-propellant Thrusters: Preparation and Performance Evaluation

Propellant grade hydrazine was prepared with 64 per cent yield and 95.5 per cent purity. Purity of the propellant grade hydrazine was determined using wet chemical, gas chromatographic (GC) and eudiometric methods. It was observed that the compositions containing blends of hydrazine-methyl alcohol-ammonium nitrate and hydrazine-methyl alcohol-ammonium perchlorate were not found to be frozen even after cooling to -65 °C for 30 minutes. Mono and bi-propellant thrusters were designed and developed to demonstrate the performance of prepared propellant grade hydrazine as a promising rocket fuel. Five static tests with 22 N thruster and one static test with 1 N thruster were performed successfully in mono-propellant mode. The hurdles of chamber pressure oscillations were overcome by compact packing of the catalyst. The desired decomposition and chamber pressure were achieved. One static test was performed successfully with 60 N bi-propellant thruster. The desired chamber pressure and thrust were achieved. The combustion was smooth and C* achieved was higher than that of UH-25, N2O4 combination. The performance of prepared propellant grade hydrazine shows it as a promising rocket fuels.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 65, No. 1, January 2015, pp.31-38, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.798

HLSRGM based SPRT: MMLE

Abstract-Sequentia

HPLC-LIF for early detection of oral cancer

At present, the diagnosis of many cancers relies on the subjective interpretation of morphological changes in biopsy samples. This usually provides only late diagnosis. Early detection, which can provide more successful therapy, is expected to be possible by identification of tumour markers in physiological samples. Immunoassay used at present for this purpose has several drawbacks. It is applicable only for known markers, can usually detect only one marker at a time, and may also fail to detect a marker when there exist conditions, which may mask or prevent the interaction between antigen and the antibody. We have developed a high performance liquid chromatography- laser induced fluorescence (HPLC-LIF) technique to detect and record simultaneously spectra and chromatograms of physiological samples, which will enable the detection of multiple 'markers' in a single physiological sample in a short time. Samples of saliva and serum from normal and oral cancer subjects have been studied with the set up. The present studies show that body fluids like saliva and serum of normal, premalignant and malignant subjects have substantially different protein profiles. By simultaneous recording of the chromatographic peaks and corresponding fluorescence spectra, it is possible to carry out unambiguous discrimination between normal, premalignant and malignant cases even when markers are present in femto/subfemtomole quantities, which should assist in early diagnosis of neoplasia