Voltammetry Behavior of Cadmium (Ii) Ion at the Mercury Electrode in the Presence of Glutathione and Thioglycolic Acid.

Voltammetric behaviors of cadmium (II) ion in the presence of a ligand with sulphur bearing group, such as Glutathione {(COO- )(NH3 +(CH2)2CONHCH(CH2SH)CONH(CH2)(COO-)} and Thioglycolic acid (HSCH2COO-) were studied using mainly Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV)and Cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a mercury electrode. The coordination chemistry of reduced glutathione (GSH) is of great importance as it acts as excellent model system for the binding of metal ions. In this study, it was observed that an addition of glutathione as ligand to solution containing Cd(II) with sulphate as supporting electrolyte caused an increase in the reduction current of Cd(II) by several factors and also with a slight cathodic shift in the reduction peak potential of Cd(II). Further assessment of the chemical and physical conditions that may favour optimum current enhancement was done by studying the effect of varying pH, supporting electrolyte, concentration of ligand and metal ion, interfering ions and scan rate. The presence of 1-3 mM glutathione, a weakly complexing supporting electrolyte at pH 4-5 caused a 2-3 fold increase in the reduction current of Cd(II) and a slight negative shift in peak position . The presence of 1-5mM TGA at pH5.3 caused 1-2 fold increase in the reduction current of Cd(II) and a slight negative shift in peak position. The current enhancement observed in different electrolytic media varied in the following order: sulphate >nitrate> perchlorate. The presence of other metal ion such as Cr(III) or Co(III) appear to cause further increase in the reduction current of the Cd(II)-glutathione peak while the presence of Ni(II) was found to suppress the enhanced peak curren

Early childhood and the provisions related to it in the Sunnah of the Prophet

Early childhood is the first stage of life after birth, and the noble Prophetic Sunnah came with the teachings of adopting a fully-built human being, and among these teachings is caring for the child on the first days of his birth, and this care is the rulings that came with regard to the child, and what is meant by care is that anything God Almighty has prescribed for him. Among the many benefits that the servants have in this world and the hereafter, these rulings came to include types of etiquette and acts of worship that we worship God Almighty by doing and doing in the correct manner, and among those rulings are: naming the newborn, performing the ritual nostrils on him, praying for his blessing, the call to prayer, the aqeeqah, and shaving the throat, Charity, circumcision, breastfeeding, custody, and others

Radiographic Analysis Of Umbrella Technique Combined With Sticky Bone in horizontal ridge augmentation

Abstract: Aim of the study: To evaluate the efficacy of umbrella technique combined with sticky bone in horizontal ridge augmentation using Buccolingual width changes measured in CBCT. Materials and Methods: 15 male and female Patients were selected . Buccal and lingual Infiltration anaethesia to mandibular posterior area (area of interest), crestal incision flap. Decortication using round bur and straight hand piece then drilling using screw drills with 90 degrees to the buccal cotical plate. Umbrella Screw insertion using screw holder with 6 mm length and 1.6 mm diameter where 3 mm inserted in the bone and 3 mm are kept outside. The bone graft and the I PRF are placed into sterile dish, mixed together till sticky bone is formed. Application of the sticky bone buccally, on and in between the bone screws with proper condensation. Results: At baseline, the mean radiographic bone width value was (3.31), the standard deviation was (0.87), the median was (3.75), and the interquartile range was (1.01). After 6 months, the mean was (6.08), the standard deviation was (0.78), the median was (6.33) and the interquartile range was (0.99). For the radiographic difference after 6 months, the mean value was (2.62), the standard deviation was (0.15), the median was (2.66) and the interquartile range was (0.20). For the percentage change the mean value was (76.30), the standard deviation was (11.25), the median was (72.94) and the interquartile range was (10.60). Conclusion: Umbrella technique using bone screws has predictable results in the horizontal ridge augmentation. Tenting of the periosteum and soft tissue using tenting screws maintains space and minimizes resorption of the particulate graft volume

Pulse electrochemical deposition and photo-electrochemical characterization of CuInSe2 thin films.

Direct band gap and high absorption coefficient of copper indium diselenide (CIS) make it as one of the most studied ternary chalcogenides for energy conversion. Low cost methods, such as electrochemical deposition are very beneficial because of large scale production possibility, minimum waste of components and no requirement of pure starting materials. The pulse electrodeposition allows independent variation of duty cycle. In this study pulse electrodeposition of polycrystalline thin film of CuInSe2 (CIS) onto ITO glass substrates from aqueous solution containing CuSO4, In2(SO4)3 and SeO2 was carried out. The probable potential for deposition was determined as -0.9 V from cyclic voltammogram. The deposited film was annealed at 400°C under nitrogen gas flow to provide neutral atmosphere to improve the crystalline quality and remove excess selenium. The film was analyzed using X-ray diffraction which confirmed that CIS deposit has tetragonal structure. The chalcopyrite formation and consistency in terms of stoichiometry in the deposit were proved. The optical property of the thin film was determined base on the measurement by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The direct band gap for the thin film is around 1.21 eV. As a result, the deposited CIS thin film is a potential candidate to be used in solar cell devices as an energy convertor. Atomic force microscope was employed to monitor the effect of duty cycles on the morphology of the thin film. It is revealed that with increasing duty cycle the surface morphology shift from smooth to dendrite structure. Photo-electrochemical characterization was performed under chopped white light in acidic redox media. It was showed that CIS film is a photosensitive material and stands as p and n-p type semiconductors by adjusting different duty cycles. The photoactivity of the films was highly affected by their surface morphology

A Novel Autonomous Perceptron Model for Pattern Classification Applications

Pattern classification represents a challenging problem in machine learning and data science research domains, especially when there is a limited availability of training samples. In recent years, artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms have demonstrated astonishing performance when compared to traditional generative and discriminative classification algorithms. However, due to the complexity of classical ANN architectures, ANNs are sometimes incapable of providing efficient solutions when addressing complex distribution problems. Motivated by the mathematical definition of a quantum bit (qubit), we propose a novel autonomous perceptron model (APM) that can solve the problem of the architecture complexity of traditional ANNs. APM is a nonlinear classification model that has a simple and fixed architecture inspired by the computational superposition power of the qubit. The proposed perceptron is able to construct the activation operators autonomously after a limited number of iterations. Several experiments using various datasets are conducted, where all the empirical results show the superiority of the proposed model as a classifier in terms of accuracy and computational time when it is compared with baseline classification models

A quantum system control method based on enhanced reinforcement learning

Traditional quantum system control methods often face different constraints, and are easy to cause both leakage and stochastic control errors under the condition of limited resources. Reinforcement learning has been proved as an efficient way to complete the quantum system control task. To learn a satisfactory control strategy under the condition of limited resources, a quantum system control method based on enhanced reinforcement learning (QSC-ERL) is proposed. The states and actions in reinforcement learning are mapped to quantum states and control operations in quantum systems. By using new enhanced neural networks, reinforcement learning can quickly achieve the maximization of long-term cumulative rewards, and a quantum state can be evolved accurately from an initial state to a target state. According to the number of candidate unitary operations, the three-switch control is used for simulation experiments. Compared with other methods, the QSC-ERL achieves close to 1 fidelity learning control of quantum systems, and takes fewer episodes to quantum state evolution under the condition of limited resources.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Efecto del contenido de carbonato de calcio en la relación cantidad-intensidad de zinc en algunos suelos de Mosul, Irak

The quantity-intensity relationship (Q/I) was used to evaluate thermodynamic parameters of zinc in soils under different agricultural management. Ten soil samples were collected from Mosul city to study zinc distribution of calcium carbonate content in these soils. Generally, Q/I relationship of zinc may provide an index for the strength and quantity of effective zinc supply to plants in soils. The Q/I parameters of zinc were studied to quantify zinc release before and after removing carbonates in the studied soils. Results showed that the zinc activity ratio (AReZn) is related to changes with labile zinc (±ΔZn) at equilibrium and increased together with increasing zinc concentrations, intensity (I) ranged between 0.8584 and 0.9972×10-3 mol/L1/2 before removing carbonates and between 0.0909 and 2.7626×10-3 mol/L1/2 after removing carbonates. The ranges of labile Zinc (ZnL) values before and after removing carbonates were between 0.5755-0.7815 and 0.0009-0.0104 cmol/kg, respectively, while the Zinc (PBCZn) before and after removing carbonates fluctuated from 0.5839 to 0.9104 and 0.00112 to 0.00990 cmol/kg(mol/L)−1/2, respectively. That means calcium carbonate increases exchangeable zinc and zinc capacity at equilibrium conditions. The free energy (−ΔF) ranged between -1.001 and -0.979 kJ/mol before removing carbonates and between -1.319 and -0.841 kJ/mol after removing carbonates. Gapon Selectivity Coefficient (kG) ranged between 0.0193835 and 0.027453 and 0.000045 and 0.00450 (mol/L)1/2 before and after removing carbonates, respectively. Therefore, these results may be used as a reference for zinc soil fertilization, whereas thermodynamic parameters values may be used to predict soil ability to supply available zinc.La relación de cantidad-intensidad-se utilizó para evaluar los parámetros termodinámicos del zinc en los suelos bajo diferentes tipos de manejo agrícola. Se recogieron diez muestras de suelo de la ciudad de Mosul, Irak, para estudiar la distribución de zinc de diferentes contenidos de carbonato de calcio en estos suelos. En general, la relación de cantidad-intensidad (Q/I) de zinc puede proporcionar un índice para la concentración y cantidad de suministro efectivo de zinc a las plantas en suelos. Los parámetros de (Q/I) de zinc se estudiaron para cuantificar la cantidad de zinc antes y después de eliminar carbonatos en los suelos estudiados. La relación de actividad de zinc (AReZn) se asoció a los cambios con el zinc lábil (±ΔZn) en equilibrio y aumentó junto con las concentraciones crecientes de zinc, a partir de 0,8584 y 0,9972 × 10-3 mol/l1/2 antes de eliminar carbonatos y entre 0,0909 y 2,7626 × 10-3 mol/l1/2 después de eliminar carbonatos. Los rangos de valores de zinc lábil (ZnL) antes y después de eliminar carbonatos oscilaron entre 0,5755-0,7815 cmol/kg y 0,0009-0,0104 cmol/kg, respectivamente, mientras que el zinc (PBCZn) antes y después de eliminar los carbonatos fluctuó entre 0,5839 cmol/kg y 0,9104 cmol/kg y entre 0,00112 cmol/kg y 0,00990 cmol/kg(mol/l)-1/2, respectivamente. Eso significa que el carbonato de calcio aumenta el zinc intercambiable y la capacidad del zinc en condiciones de equilibrio. La energía libre (-ΔF) osciló entre -1,001 kJ/mol y -0,979 kJ/mol antes de retirar carbonatos y entre -1,319 kJ/mol y -0,841 kJ/mol después de eliminar carbonatos. El coeficiente de selectividad de Gapon (kG) osciló entre 0,0193835 y 0,027453 y entre 0,000045 y 0,00450 (mol/l)1/2 antes y después de eliminar carbonatos, respectivamente. Estos resultados pueden usarse como referencia para la fertilización del suelo con zinc, mientras que los valores de los parámetros termodinámicos se podrían usar en la predicción de la capacidad del suelo para suministrar el zinc disponible

An optimized quantum minimum searching algorithm with sure-success probability and its experiment simulation with Cirq

Finding a minimum is an essential part of mathematical models, and it plays an important role in some optimization problems. Durr and Hoyer proposed a quantum searching algorithm (DHA), with a certain probability of success, to achieve quadratic speed than classical ones. In this paper, we propose an optimized quantum minimum searching algorithm with sure-success probability, which utilizes Grover-Long searching to implement the optimal exact searching, and the dynamic strategy to reduce the iterations of our algorithm. Besides, we optimize the oracle circuit to reduce the number of gates by the simplified rules. The performance evaluation including the theoretical success rate and computational complexity shows that our algorithm has higher accuracy and efficiency than DHA algorithm. Finally, a simulation experiment based on Cirq is performed to verify its feasibility.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1908.07943 by other author

Electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid mediated by ZnO microcrystalline modified glassy carbon electrode.

Modification of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface by adhered microparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) using electrochemical performance of microparticles of ZnO/GC electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of ascorbic acid in 0.1 M KH2PO4 electrolyte solution by cyclic voltammetry (CV). This paper seeks to critically examine the modification of GC electrode with Zinc oxide microparticles and the effect on oxidation of ascorbic acid using cyclic voltammetry technique. ZnO/GC electrode exhibited obvious enhancing and electrocatalyzing effect as it causes the oxidation current of ascorbic acid to increase by 1.5 times as compared to bare GC electrode. The sensitivity under conditions of cyclic voltammetry is significantly dependent on pH and ZnO dosage. The variation of scan rate study shows that the system undergoes diffusion-controlled process. Diffusion coefficient and rate constant of ascorbic acid were determined using hydrodynamic method (rotation disk electrode)with values of 5.4 x 10-6cm2s-1 and 2.5x 10-3cms-1 respectively for unmodified electrode, while the values of diffusion coefficient and rate constant of ascorbic acid using ZnO/GC electrode were 5.7 x10-6cm2s-1 and 2.1x10-3cms-1 respectively