Physicochemical and hydration properties of different cereal and legume gluten‐free powders

International audienceBackground: The wetting and hydration stage is the key step in manufacture process of several cereal-based products. Knowledge of hydration properties of gluten-free ingredients can contribute to improve the quality of gluten-free products. The objec-tive of the present work was to investigate hydration properties for a large variety of gluten-free ingredients. Powders of tow gluten-free cereals (rice and maize) and powders of tow legumes (chickpea and faba bean) in comparison with durum wheat semolina. The hydration properties were evaluated at 25°C by vapor and liquid water addition.Results : Legume powders had the highest sorption capacity and stronger interaction with vapor water. Rice showed the highest vapor water diffusion at all RH intervals. Water holding capacity, swelling kinetics, and immersion enthalpy in liquid water were higher for legume and maize powders.Conclusion : Gluten-free cereal powders show hydration properties different from those of legumes. Different combinations of these gluten-free materials can be made to approach the properties of wheat powders

Nonlinear Analysis of Concrete Beams Strengthened with Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Layer

The behavior of concrete beams strengthened with a steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) layer was studied by Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis using ANSYS software. Four beams that were experimentally tested in a previous research were considered. Beam B-1 is made of ordinary reinforced concrete, B-2 is made of SFRC material, B-3 is made of two parts, RC beam with SFRC overlay and B-4 is made of RC beam with SFRC underlay. Ordinary concrete as well as SFRC were modeled using the multi-linear isotropic hardening constants where they are assumed to have a linear behavior up to 30% of the compressive strength. Afterwards, a multi-linear stress-strain curve was defined. For reinforcing steel, a linear-elastic perfectly-plastic material model was used. Steel fiber reinforced concrete was modeled by the smeared modeling technique. The results obtained by FEA showed good agreement with those obtained by the experimental program. This research demonstrates the capability of FEA in predicting the behavior of beams strengthened with SFRC layer. It will help researchers in studying beams with different configurations without the need to go through the lengthy experimental testing programs

INFLUENCE TECHNIQUE VS IDEAL MODEL ON CREDIBILITY THEORY DISTRIBUTIONS RATIOS: A CASE STUDY OF TRIPLE JUMP

The objective of this study is to describe and compare the techniques used by elite triple jumpers in the world to determine the impact of the modality distribution ratios in achieving results. Our subjects were the 2009-2011 global elite’s finalists with five (5) Algerian amateur athletes. In the absence of technological methods in Algeria, our study explores the reports (IAAF): 1. To describe the phase distribution of the practice model between our world champions (2009 and 2011) 2. To compare the credibility theory of distributions ratio achievement with the modality dominant techniques practiced by champions (2009 and 2011). 3. To answer this question: can we consider the phase difference ratios as a bad distribution error in the technical ideal? As a result, we chose the analysis of variance and the correlation of relative distances obtained from each phase of the official distance achieved by the athlete. For the study statistics, our used data is based on the "t" independent method compared to the impact phase distributions (hop, step, and jump) charged with the results achieved in the test. However, our goal for this research is: • Using biomechanics to determine errors and integrate the modern scientific methods in monitoring the athletic program. • To allow our elites and their coaches to examine the impact of modality distribution ratios in achieving results in order to choose the good combined efforts and the selected template model practiced to improve the best performance in training and competition

INFLUENCE TECHNIQUE VS IDEAL MODEL ON CREDIBILITY THEORY DISTRIBUTIONS RATIOS: A CASE STUDY OF TRIPLE JUMP

The objective of this study is to describe and compare the techniques used by elite triple jumpers in the world to determine the impact of the modality distribution ratios in achieving results. Our subjects were the 2009-2011 global elite’s finalists with five (5) Algerian amateur athletes. In the absence of technological methods in Algeria, our study explores the reports (IAAF): 1. To describe the phase distribution of the practice model between our world champions (2009 and 2011) 2. To compare the credibility theory of distributions ratio achievement with the modality dominant techniques practiced by champions (2009 and 2011). 3. To answer this question: can we consider the phase difference ratios as a bad distribution error in the technical ideal? As a result, we chose the analysis of variance and the correlation of relative distances obtained from each phase of the official distance achieved by the athlete. For the study statistics, our used data is based on the "t" independent method compared to the impact phase distributions (hop, step, and jump) charged with the results achieved in the test. However, our goal for this research is: • Using biomechanics to determine errors and integrate the modern scientific methods in monitoring the athletic program. • To allow our elites and their coaches to examine the impact of modality distribution ratios in achieving results in order to choose the good combined efforts and the selected template model practiced to improve the best performance in training and competition

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β–lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from chicken farms in Egypt

Background and Aim: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains exhibit antibiotic resistance and are known to infect humans worldwide. This study assessed the phenotypic and genotypic prevalence of ESBL-resistant E. coli isolates recovered from the respiratory tracts of chickens in El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Materials and Methods: We obtained 250 lung samples (one lung/bird) from 50 chicken farms (5 chickens/farm) to isolate, identify, and serotype E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method, while the ESBL phenotype was identified using double disk synergy. We detected the β-lactamase genes, blaTEM, and blaSHV, using a polymerase chain reaction. Results: The results showed that 140/250 (56%) were infected with E. coli. All the serogroups of isolated E. coli exhibited high multi-antimicrobial resistance index values (>0.2), and 65.7% were confirmed to have ESBL. Among the isolates with the ESBL phenotypes, 55 (60%) and 32 (35%) contained the blaTEM and blaSHV genes, respectively. Conclusion: The widespread distribution of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli among poultry farms is a significant human health hazard. These results will help the Egyptian authorities to implement a national one-health approach to combat the antimicrobial resistance problem

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05-1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4-7 days or >= 8 days of 1.25 (1.04-1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11-1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care