Study of thermal history in hollow cylinder under laser-assisted machining process using FEM

Ceramics are brittle material and possess lower toughness when compared to metals. This brittle nature results in the formation of cracks and cutting tool fracture when tried to machine conventionally. Thus, diamond grinding was the only method of processing ceramics until the development of Laser Assisted Machining (LAM). In LAM, a laser is used to rise the temperature of the surface of the component which is later machined conventionally. LAM yields in higher material removal rate and superior surface finish while reducing the total machining cost. At elevated temperatures ceramics act as a ductile material thereby enabling plastic deformation and generation of continuous chip. Temperatures attained during LAM has a huge impact on the end results, i.e. low temperatures lead to the formation of cracks whereas extremely high temperatures cause a change of microstructure. Thus, a study of thermal history is of utmost importance in LAM and performing such study through Finite Element Method (FEM) would help in predicting the temperature distribution in the sample. The temperature distribution is highly affected by the laser power, laser spot size, the rotation speed of the workpiece, translational velocity, and pre-heat time. Extensive research has been performed on LAM of solid cylinder both experimentally and theoretically but there hasn\u27t been any research on LAM of hollow cylinders. A study of temperature histories for a hollow cylinder will be performed in this research to analyze its variation of temperature along the depth and distribution of temperature with varying depth. The employed procedure will be verified with the available data in the literature, either for solid or hollow cylinders

ROLE OF A WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR IN AGCC (ARAB GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL) WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

With the fast-growing economies of the world, the role and contribution of women entrepreneurship to the growth and performance of the organization cannot be marginalized. In the present scenario, the genesis of women entrepreneurship is perceived in most of the organizations across the world. This has enchanted the concentration of the theorists and ideologists paving the way for further researches and amendments in this area. In greater numbers than ever before, women are stepping away from traditional economic roles and venturing out to start their own businesses, enabling them to become self- dependent and set the examples for the organizations.  Further women entrepreneurs have overcome seemingly impossible odds and reckoned to the high performance and growth of the organization parallel to the masculine manpower exploring the new avenues of the business potential.Needless to say, the significant changes in the world economy have greatly altered the status of women in the marketplace. New opportunities have generated new challenges—meeting the greater demand for skills and specialization of knowledge, maintaining the viability of those skills and that knowledge in an ever-changing marketplace, and accommodating the instability that can arise from such changes. As a result, new ways of thinking and doing have to be considered. At this juncture, the leadership style of women and their special capacities and qualities appear quite valuable. This paper is an attempt to spotlight the role of women entrepreneurs in AGCC commonly known as Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The scholar has evaluated the role of women entrepreneurs in AGCC which would create a base for sound apprehension regarding women empowerment in the emerging economy of the world

Development of a new device to measure different aspects of kidney function

In this study, we analysed the transcutaneous devices which were used previously for the measurement of GFR in laboratory rodents and identified the common limitations that were encountered by various users. We quantified the occurrences of these adverse events and found significant issues of high and low signals, which were taken into this thesis as the basis and motivation. The new transcutaneous device which has been described in this study aims to solve the described drawbacks. Biomarker dosage errors can make the output signal from the device unfavourable for calculation of half-life of the biomarkers used for function estimation. Thus, the new device has been developed with specific changes in the layout of the optical components along with the electronic capability to tweak the final output signal. This device also has the electronic capability to measure two additional kidney functions (secretion and reabsorption) as opposed to only GFR estimation. The in-corporation of three wavelengths of LEDs establishes the functionality of detecting the clearance of three different biomarkers which are specific to the kidney function being measured. The placement of LEDs at different separation distances from the photodiode along with the dynamic signal amplification improves the quality of the signal. This was confirmed in this thesis with the measurement of oxygenation in the forearm. The measurements were taken with the signal being recorded after il-luminating with different LED rows as described in the previous sections. We analysed the oxygen measurements with LED-photodiode separation ranging from 0.5cm to 4.5cm and demonstrated the capability of the device to get meaningful signals. In addition to the device layout and electronics, the use of a fixation patch was also examined in this study. The addition of fixation patch has a significant effect on the final signal which is highly dependent on the thickness of the patch used. We used patches of three different thicknesses and found that the increasing thickness causes the signal to reduce its magnitude exponentially. However, we also dis-cussed the crucial benefits and need for the use of such a patch. In addition to providing an even and stable fixation of the device to the skin surface, the patch al-so facilitates insulation from various ambient lights. It also protects the skin surface from direct contact with electronics components. Successful measurement of oxygenation documented in this study on human forearm and animal experiments establishes the completion of a working device with the possibility of taking into consideration the signal resulting from different depths into the skin based on the chosen LED-Photodiode distance. The three-color (wavelength) LEDs give the basis for the measurement of three kidney functions in the future. In combination with appropriate biomarkers, it should be possible for the de-vice to sequentially (if not simultaneously) measure the secretion and reabsorption in addition to the GFR. The developed windows application can also be modified and used to calculate the half-lives of the biomarkers

FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF DEFERASIROX ORO-DISPERSIBLE TABLETS

Objective: Deferasirox is a once daily, oral iron chelator approved for treatment of transfusional iron overload in adult and paediatric patients. In case of iron overdose or poisoning, immediate attention deferasirox is required in the systemic circulation to counter act the iron. Hence we feel that formulation of Oro-dispersible tablets of deferasirox is an ideal approach. Methods: FTIR showed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. Mouth dissolving tablets of Deferasirox were prepared using crospovidone, croscarmellose and sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Dissolution of prepared Oro-dispersible tablets of Deferasirox was performed using USP type II apparatus in 6.8 pH phosphate buffer at 50 rpm with temperature being maintained at 37±0.5oC. Samples were withdrawn at 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45min time points and were analysed using UV- visible spectrophotometer at 245 nm. Results: The tablets prepared were evaluated for various parameters like weight variation, hardness, friability, in-vitro dispersion time, drug polymer interaction, drug content, water absorption ratio and wetting time and in-vitro release and were found to be within the limits. Conclusion: Formulation with crospovidone containing superdisintegrants has shown better in-vitro dissolution profile compared with other formulations. In conclusion, development of fast dissolving tablets using superdisintegrants gives rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND SULPHUR ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MUSTARD (SAU SHARISHA-1)

A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Soil Science Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.S.) IN SOIL SCIENCE Semester: July – December, 2007An experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka to determine the effect of different levels of nitrogen and sulphur on yield and yield contributing characters of mustard as well as the nutrient content and their uptake by mustard plants. The experiment consisted of four levels of nitrogen i.e. 0 kg N/ha (N0), 40 kg N/ha (N1), 80 kg N/ha (N2) and 120 kg N/ha (N3); and four levels of sulphur i.e, 0 kg S/ha (S0), 8 kg S/ha (S1), 16 kg S/ha (S2) and 24 kg S/ha (S3). The experiment was laid out in the two factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The plant height, the number of branches per plant, the number of siliqua per plant, seed and shoot yield increased with increasing N level upto 80 kg N/ha. Further increasing in N level i.e., 120 kg N/ha had a negative effect on seed yield. On the other hand, with increasing S levels from 0 to 24 kg S/ha, plant height, siliqua per plant, 1000 seed weight, siliqua per plant, 1000 seed weight increased significantly upto 16 S/ha. However the number of branches per plant and seed yield increased upto the highest dose of S (24 kg S/ha). In general N and P content in seed yield increased significantly with increasing N levels upto 80 kg N/ha. However, N content and S content in seed increased with increasing S levels upto 16 kg S/ha and 24 kg S/ha, respectively. Uptake of N, P, K and S by plant increased significantly upto 80 kg N/ha (N2) and 16 kg S/ha (S2). The application of N fertilizers had a negative effect % on total N, available S, available P and available K content in soil while the application of S fertilizer upto 16 kg S/ha showed a significant positive effect on available S status of soil. Considering the combined effect of N and S, the treatment combination N2S3 produced the maximum seed yield (1738 kg/ha)

Use of Social Networking Sites in Academics: A Review

In the current era with the advent horizon of technology and its usage, encouraged the use of social networking sites among the society. In the last decade, it made an imperative impact and rapid change on the working on almost all organizations and professions be it businesses, industries, or academia. In the academic organizations, the use of social networking sites by students and youths for academic and non-academic communication is increasing rapidly in India and Oman. Social networking sites is itself provide massive communication channels and service that can support and yield in getting solutions to many administrative issues for academic institutions. However, Universities and institutions have not formally accepted in India. This paper reviews surveys and experiments by academic researchers in various parts of the world. To evident, the usefulness and significance of SNS in academic world several studied and experiments have been elaborated in this paper. During this study top fifteen universities in the world have been taken into consideration. The comparative study has been carried out among them with reference to use of social networking sites and their relative factors. We found that almost all universities are very much aware and have significant place in their system.  The result brings the fact that use of social networking sites in academic institutions will bring the significant change in the operations and task handling, hence proposed