Volatility of Exchange Rate and Export Growth in Pakistan: The Structure and Interdependence in Regional Markets

The study empirically investigates the effect of exchange rate volatility on exports growth between Pakistan and leading trade partners. The countries are selected to determine the bilateral relationship between Pakistan and the other countries under various regional economic blocks such as SAARC, ASEAN, European, and Asia-Pacific regions. Cointegration and Error Correction techniques are used to establish the empirical relationship between exchange rate volatility and exports growth, using quarterly data from 1991:3 to 2004:2. The results indicate that the volatility of exchange rate has negative and significant effects both in the long run and short run with major trade partners, namely, UK and US. A similar pattern was observed in case of Australia, Bangladesh, and Singapore, where the volume of trade with Pakistan is comparatively consistent and less volatile. The relationship between exports growth and exchange rate volatility for India and Pakistan is observed only in the long-run perspective. However, of countries like New Zealand and Malaysia, no empirical relationship is observed between export growth and exchange rate volatility.Export, Exchange Rate, Pakistan

Profil épidémiologique des entérobactéries uropathogènes productrices de bêta-lactamases à spectre élargi

Les infections urinaires à entérobactéries productrices de bêtalactamases à spectre élargi (E-BLSE) constituent un risque infectieux, un enjeu thérapeutique de taille et peuvent même conduire dans certains cas à des impasses du fait de leur multi-résistance aux antibiotiques. Le but de ce travail est de préciser le profil  épidémiologique des (E-BLSE) uropathogènes et décrire leur niveau actuel de résistance aux antibiotiques pour une meilleure prise en charge des patients selon les données locales. Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective sur une période de trois ans (du 1er janvier 2013 au 31 décembre 2015) concernant toutes les souches d'E-BLSE isolées de tous les ECBU traités au laboratoire de microbiologie de à l'Hôpital Militaire Moulay Ismail de Meknès. La culture a été faite selon les techniques usuelles, et l'antibiogramme a été réalisé par méthode de disque diffusion sous gélose Muller-Hinton selon les recommandations du Comité de l'antibiogramme de la Société française de microbiologie CA-SFM 2013/2014. Cette étude a permis de noter une importante prévalence globale d'isolement des E-BLSE (12.2%), particulièrement chez les patients hospitalisés (54.8%) dont la plus grande prévalence (72%) a été enregistrée dans le service d'urologie. Parmi ces E-BLSE Escherichia coli constitue la majorité (61%) des isolats, cependant au sein de la même espèce Klebsiella pneumoniae est le plus producteur de BLSE (25.8%). L'étude de l'antibioresistance des E-BLSE durant ces trois ans a mis en évidence des co-résistances à la ciprofloxacine (92.5%), au  sulfametoxazoletrimethoprime (88,4%), à la gentamycine (67,2%). Globalement nos résultats sont en accord avec les données des autres pays méditerranéensexception faite pour l'amikacine dont la résistance est très basse (6.1%) dans notre étude. Cette étude a montré que la prévalence des E-BLSE en milieu hospitalier est importante et que sa diffusion en milieu communautaire est un fait préoccupant. Ces E-BLSE sont généralement résistantes aux antibiotiques, notamment des aux molécules utiles en urologie.Mots clés: Infections urinaires, ECBU, entérobactéries, BLSE, résistance aux antibiotique

Mechanical and Electrical Design Calculations of Hybrid Vehicles

Electric power is widely used in electric traction for many reasons: it is easy to control the speed of an electric motor, the absence of exhaust gases, free of noise, it has high starting torque, and it needs less maintenance than its mechanical counterpart. In the current research, a modern hybrid car is designed and manufactured in three ways. The first method is using a 220 volt AC electric power to charge five series batteries; each battery has 12 VDC (35 A/h) to supply totally 60 VDC input voltage for the electronic inverter which converts 60 VDC to 60 VAC (three-phase voltage) as a controllable voltage source to three-phase synchronous motor (SM) type (BLDC-YG1-ZZ-1200 W). The second method is to take advantage of the solar energy which is almost available in Iraq environment throughout the year to be stored in the batteries, especially during the shutdown of the machine and when it stops it under the sun. The solar panel is fixed on the vehicle’s roof; it has a power of 100 watts. The third method is the mechanical energy by using the bicycle pedal to move the wheels of the car; it is useful in the event of a sudden interruption of electrical power or a technical failure in the vehicle. In addition, three kinds of electronic devices are used for control. The first control is electric battery charger. The second control is to convert solar radiation into electrical energy to be stored in the batteries. The third control is to regulate the accessories of another electric vehicle. The vehicle was tested in the province of Diyala, Baquba, Iraq, on a flat and tilted land (Al Mafraq Bridge, Baquba city). The steady-state speed reached more than 40 km/h with a total load of more than 125 kg. The design is subjected to real electrical and mechanical engineering tests alongside using decades of applied equations on locomotives and electric vehicles to validate the experimental tests

Using the Multisensory approach to teach students with Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a severe learning difficulty meeting many children in today's educational system. Meeting all of the individual needs of all children is difficult, as any educator today knows. That task is made even more complicated when the child has a diagnosed learning difficulty such as dyslexia. Unfortunately, it appears that there is no known medical care to alleviating the cognitive processing difficulties presented with dyslexia. Therefore, educators must use effective teaching strategies for children with dyslexia to help them become successful in an academic environment (Rupley & Blair,1983). One of the primary adjustments that must be made is how dyslexic children are taught to read and write. Dyslexic children need a different approach to learning language from that employed in most classrooms. They need to be taught, slowly and ultimately, the essential elements of their language - the sounds and letters representing them - and how to put these together and take them apart. They have to use lots of practice in having their writing hands, eyes, ears, and voices working together for the aware organization and conservation of their learning. Current research converges on the efficacy of explicit, structured language teaching for children with dyslexia. Multisensory teaching is simultaneously visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-tactile to strengthen memory and learning. Therefore, being taught by a multisensory approach, children have the advantage of learning alphabetic patterns and words by utilizing all their senses. This paper will provide an overview of the problems faced by dyslexic children and how teachers using a multisensory approach can modify their instruction to accommodate these difficulties. Keywords: Multisensory approach, Dyslexia, Teaching DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/81-06 Publication date:September 30th 202

Investigating the impact of bureacratic factors on government organisational performance in the Kingdom of Bahrain: A multiple case study approach

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This research is undertaken in response to the need to offer fresh insights to the number of models of organisational bureaucracy. The main aim of this thesis is to explore the bureaucratic factors related to governmental organisations that may influence their performance. Through conceptual and empirical research, several key factors have been identified which link organisational performance to social responsibility, job satisfaction, motivation, and decision quality. To support this research, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions were used in connection with the performance dimensions and the bureaucratic factors. In this context, the case study design used multiple sources of evidence in a triangulation strategy to contribute to developing a perspective on bureaucracy and its impact to government organisations in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Thus, a conceptual framework has been developed and proposed as part of the study. This research adopted a semi-structured interview research design in order to elicit the views of individuals and in-depth qualitative information. The findings in the context of this research confirmed that Bahrainis are highly rule-oriented, risk averse and do not readily accept change. In addition, they have a high preference for avoiding uncertainty thus they maintain rigid codes of belief and behaviour. The results of the empirical investigation have therefore enriched the growing literature of bureaucracy and performance of government organisations not only in the Kingdom of Bahrain but also in the global setting it used the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. The result of this research may be of help to a range of human resource managers, public administrators, employees and other stakeholders in bureaucratic organisational context

Effect dyslexia on early learning of mathematics to the children

Many dyslexic children have problems in math, particularly the multiplication tables, fractions, decimals, percentages, ratios, and statistics. A dyslexic student usually requires extra teaching, mainly as new concepts do introduce. With this subject, it is vital to grasp each concept thoroughly before moving on. Although research has indicated that difficulties in language experienced by dyslexic people frequently go hand in hand with problems in mathematics, there has been too little emphasis on expert study for those having problems with math (Henderson, 2013). With the help of specialist teaching and the introduction of effective strategies into their learning, these people can get higher levels of mathematical understanding and functioning. This paper will examine how dyslexia can affect mathematics teaching and how cognitive weakness can affect mathematics teaching for dyslexic learners. Then explore how to assess and diagnose the mathematics difficulties for students with dyslexia. The researcher will also consider how to facilitate mathematical learning in children with dyslexia. Keywords: Dyslexia, Mathematics, Early identification DOI: 10.7176/ADS/95-05 Publication date:October 30th 202

Evaluation of the Arabic version of the Beck scale

The main objective of this paper is to provide a general vision of codifying the Beck measure of despair on a representative sample of Arab societies in terms of their suitability for Arab culture. Many of these studies have investigated the metric characteristics of a scale of despair on cultural, economic, and social examples from different Arab societies. This difference may impact the realism, credibility, and measurement of Beck's distress to measure the purpose prepared to measure it. Keywords: Beck scale, Arabic scale, Evaluation scale DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-18-08 Publication date:September 30th 2021