Biosorption of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) using the Waste of Extraction Process of Microalgae: The Equilibrium Isotherm and Kinetic Study

       Scientists are investigating the efficacy of different biosorbents for promoting economic and environmental viability in purifying contaminants. Among the primary by-products of biodiesel production is waste microalgae biomass, which has the potential to be used as a cheap biosorbent for the treatment of pollution. In the present study, the biomass left over after extracting the chlorella vulgaris was used to test the potential biosorption of CIP from simulated aqueous solutions. Bisorbent's ability was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Analysis with a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer revealed that CIP biosorption occurred mainly at biomass sites containing carboxyl and amino groups. The equilibrium isotherm data and biosorption kinetics were addressed in the present study. The biosorption data match the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximal biosorption capacity was determined to be 7.56 mg/g. While The pseudo-second-order model accurately described the biosorption kinetic data. Biosorbent regeneration was also studied using two different sodium hydroxide concentrations, the results showing that after desorption, the biosorption capacity decreased from 5.2 to 3.74 and 1.77 (mg/g) using 0.1NaOH and 0.5NaOH, respectively

Article Review: Atenolol Importance as a Medication and in Industry

Atenolol is used with or without other medications to help patients with hypertension (high blood pressure) by reducing their blood pressure. High blood pressure causes heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure. Moreover, atenolol is also utilized to treat chest pain and to help patients to stay survival after they have a heart attack. It’s chemical structure sometimes called a benzene acetamide. It is known as a cardio-selective drug and beta1-selective medication too. Scientists have proven in long term investigations for five years that oral administration of atenolol has no effect on hemodynamic. In addition to its role in the medical field, may also introduce several industrial fields, such as water treatment, and also complications with transitional metals

Utjecaj dugolančanog i razgranatog alkohola na mazivost estera na bazi dodekandiojske kiseline

Thirteen samples of esters based on dodecanedioic acid with different chemical structures were synthesized. Among these were di-2-octyl dodecanedioate, didecyl dodecanedioate, di-2-ethylhexanol dodecanedioate, di-2-ethylbutyl dodecanedioate, dioctyl dodecanedioate, dihexyl dodecanedioate, and dioleyl dodecanedioate. Diesters were synthesized through the esterification of dodecanedioic acid with selected long-chain and branched alcohols with acid catalyst of H2SO4. These esters were tested in terms of their suitability for application as lubricants. The results showed that the lubricity properties, based on their pour point, flash point, and oxidation stability of the esters were significantly affected by the linear and branched alcohols used. An excellent pour point property of di-2-ethylbutyl dodecanedioate and di-2-ethylhexanol dodecanedioate at −55 °C and −50 °C was observed compared to their respective same linear carbon number esters of dihexyl dodecanedioate at 10 °C and dioctyl dodecanedioate at 20 °C. These are due to the presence of the branched group in their molecule vicinity structure. However, the esters flash points were insignificantly affected by the presence of branched structure. The selected esters could be used for biolubricants or engine oil. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Sintetizirano je trinaest uzoraka estera na bazi dodekandiojske kiseline različitih kemijskih struktura. Među njima su bili di-2-oktil dodekandioat, didecil dodekandioat, di-2-etilheksanol dodekandioat, di-2-etilbutil dodekandioat, dioktil dodekandioat, diheksil dodekandioat i dioleil dodekandioat. Diesteri su sintetizirani esterifikacijom dodekandiojske kiseline s odabranim dugolančanim i razgranatim alkoholima s kiselinskim katalizatorom H2SO4. Ti su esteri ispitani u smislu njihove prikladnosti za primjenu kao maziva. Rezultati su pokazali da su na svojstva mazivosti, temeljena na njihovoj točki tečenja, točki zapaljenja i oksidacijskoj stabilnosti estera, znatno utjecali upotrijebljeni linearni i razgranati alkoholi. Uočeno je izvrsno svojstvo točke tečenja di-2-etilbutil dodekandioata i di-2-etilheksanol dodekandioata pri −55 °C i −50 °C u usporedbi s njihovim istim ravnopravnim esterima ugljikova broja diheksil dodekandioata pri 10 °C i dioktil dodekandioata pri 20 °C, zbog prisutnosti razgranate skupine u strukturi njihove blizine molekule. Međutim, prisutnost razgranate strukture neznatno je utjecala na točke zapaljenja estera. Odabrani esteri mogli bi se rabiti za biomaziva ili motorno ulje. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna

Synthesized and Designed New Modified Poly(vinyl chloride) Structures to Enhance Their Photo-Resistance Characteristics

We synthesized and designed four new modified poly(vinyl chloride) structures to develop various polymer derivatives to enhance their photo-stability. Commercially available poly(vinyl chloride) was synthetically modified into a polymer containing aromatic Schiff base moieties. First, the PVC polymer was reacted with ethylene diamine from one side by using an equivalent of extra ethylene diamine to increase the probability of preventing cross-linking versus a two-sided reaction. In the second step, the corresponding aldehydes were reacted with an amino group to create the Schiff base new molecules. Different approaches were applied to confirm the structures of synthesized modified polymers such as FTIR, 1H NMR, and EDX. Using these methods, the structures and the percentage of modification for the studied materials were demonstrated. The percentage of modification exhibited between 30–35% using integration in the 1H NMR spectra and EDX analytical composition percentage of elements. In order to lessen the photo-degradation of the PVC polymeric chains, synthetic compounds have been employed as photo-stabilizers of the PVC films. In order to assess the effectiveness of modified PVC as a photo-stabilizer, a variety of techniques were used, including the weight loss method and monitoring the development of different functional groups while being exposed to radiation using FTIR spectra. Utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and microscope pictures, the surface morphology of produced polymers was also investigated. These experiments demonstrated that novel modified Schiff base polymers perform as excellent photo-stabilizers in comparison to pure PVC. As a result, after being exposed to UV light for 300 h, PVC films exhibit less photo-degradation than blank PVC, so that light in the UV range may be absorbed by the connected units’ high conjugation mechanism

A Surface Morphological Study, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Photo-Stabilizers Utilizing Ibuprofen Tin Complexes against Ultraviolet Radiation

In this work, three Ibuprofen tin complexes were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 119Sn-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopies to identify the structures. The complexes were mixed separately with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to improve its photo-stability properties. Their activity was demonstrated by several approaches of the FTIR to exhibit the formation of new groups within the polymer structure due to the exposure to UV light. Moreover, the polymer’s weight loss during irradiation and the average molecular weight estimation using its viscosity before and after irradiation were investigated. Furthermore, different techniques were used to study the surface morphology of the PVC before and after irradiation. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and optical microscope demonstrated that applying Ibuprofen tin complexes keeps the surface of PVC smoother, with fewer cracks and spots after irradiation comparing to the blank PVC. Finally, It seems possible that such synthesized Ibuprofen tin complexes can work as excellent photo-stabilizers of PVC. In particular, complex 1 showed the best results among other stabilizers due to the large conjugation system of the stabilizer

Modification of PVC with captopril and complexation reaction for preparing photostability and thermal stability of PVC

Many chemical changes have been made to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in order to enhance its photo-stability features, the use of PVC in new applications, and the study of PVC-related phenomena. The chemical modification of PVC using captopril as a modifying agent is described in this paper. Infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis was used to characterize the modified polymer. Metal salts (HgCl2, CoCl2, ZnCl2, NiCl2, and CdCl2) were used to react with the modified film and form polymeric complexes. FTIR, weight loss percentage, AFM, EDX, and SEM approaches were used to analyze polymeric films that had been exposed to UV radiation for 300 hrs. The modified PVC complexes films have shown excellent stability against photo-degradation even after 300 h of irradiation by UV light. Thermogravimetry (TGA) was used to evaluate the thermal characteristics of the modified polymers, which demonstrated that the synthesized polymer complexation showed good thermal stability

A Process for Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Schiff Bases Containing a Trimethoprim Unit

Environmental problems associated with the growing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels to satisfy the high demand for energy are a pressing concern. Therefore, the design of new materials for carbon dioxide storage has received increasing research attention. In this work, we report the synthesis of three new Schiff bases containing a trimethoprim unit and the investigation of their application as adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture. The reaction of trimethoprim and aromatic aldehydes in acid medium gave the corresponding Schiff bases in 83%–87% yields. The Schiff bases exhibited surface areas ranging from 4.15 to 20.33 m2/g, pore volumes of 0.0036–0.0086 cm3/g, and average pore diameters of 6.64–1.4 nm. An excellent carbon dioxide uptake (27–46 wt%) was achieved at high temperature and pressure (313 K and 40 bar, respectively) using the Schiff bases. The 3-hydroxyphenyl-substituted Schiff base, which exhibited a meta-arrangement, provided the highest carbon dioxide uptake (46 wt%) due to its higher surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter compared with the other two derivatives with a para-arrangement

Comarine derivatives designed as carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage

The growing of fossil fuel burning leads to increase CO2 and H2 emissions, which cause increasing of global warming that, has brought big attention. As a result, enormous researches have been made to reduce CO2 and H2 build up in the environment. One of the most promising approaches for managing CO2 and H2 gases percentage in the atmosphere is capturing and storage them inside proper materials. Therefore, the design of new materials for carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage has received increasing research attention. Four derivatives of coumarine linked to thiazolidinone were synthesized in good yields by reacting 3-(2-Phenylamino-acetyl)coumarine and 2-phenylimino thiazolidinone-4-one in a solution of anhydrous sodium acetate/ glacial acetic acid at 120° for 5–6 h. The synthesised organic compounds were identified by using different techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and energy dispersive X-ray spectra. The agglomeration, shape and porosity of the particles were determined utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microscopy images analysis. The capacity of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) adsorption on the prepared organic materials at 323 K, 50 bar ranged from 22 to 31 cm3/g, and hydrogen from 4 to 12 cm3/g for the four synthesised compounds which contain phenyl substituted with chloro, nitro and bromo groups was found to be the most active adsorbent surfaces for carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage

New organic PVC photo-stabilizers derived from synthesised novel coumarine moieties

New four coumarin derivatives (9–12) compounds have been successfully synthesized from the reaction of salicyaldehyde and ethylacetoacetate yielding 3-acetyl coumarine, which on further treatment with bromine/chloroform gave 3-(2-Bromoacetyl) coumarine. Substituted 4-(Benzylidene-amino)-]triazole-3-thiol reacted with 3-(2-Bromoacetyl) coumarine to give 3-sulfanyl-acetyl-4-(Benzylidene-amino)-triazol related coumarin derivatives. The newly synthesized products were characterized with FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, and energy dispersive X-ray spectra to confirm their chemical structures. All above used techniques demonstrated the formation of target products with high percentage of purity. The synthesised compounds (9–12) have been investigated as organic additives to protect poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) from photo-degradation at (λmax = 313 nm) and irradiation period 300 h in the atmosphere. The stabilizing efficiencies of blended PVC films were examined by detecting changes in their infrared spectra, weight, and average molecular weight viscosity. A light microscope, atomic force microscopy, and a scanning electron micrograph were all used to examine the surface morphology of the films. The additives enhanced considerable resistance of films against irradiation and the polymeric surface was significantly smoother in the presence of the coumarine derivatives compared with the blank film. The strongest photo-stabilization effect was seen in coumarine derivative (12) containing 2-hydroxy naphthol the most effective as UV absorber, free radical scavenger, and quencher. This phenomenon appears to allow energy to be transported through resonant aryl rings and various intersystem crossover mechanisms

Mono- and ditopic hydroxamate ligands towards discrete and extended network architectures

A family of mono- and ditopic hydroxamic acids has been employed in the synthesis and structural and physical characterisation of discrete (0D) and (1- and 2-D) extended network coordination complexes. Examples of the latter include the 1-D coordination polymer {[Zn(ii)(L3H)2]·2MeOH}n (5; L3H2 = 2-(methylamino)phenylhydroxamic acid) and the 2-D extended network {[Cu(ii)(L2H)(H2O)(NO3)]·H2O}n (5; L2H2 = 4-amino-2-(acetoxy)phenylhydroxamic acid). The 12-MC-4 metallacrown [Cu(ii)5(L4H)4(MeOH)2(NO3)2]·3H2O·4MeOH (7) represents the first metal complex constructed using the novel ligand N-hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino]benzamide (L4H3). Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility studies confirm strong antiferromagnetic exchange between the Cu(ii) centres in 7. Coordination polymer 5 shows photoluminescence in the blue region (λPL ∼ 421-450 nm) with a bathochromic shift of the emission (∼15-30 nm) from solution to the solid state.</p