Homotopy Analysis Method for Solving Delay Differential Equations of Fractional Order

In this paper, we implement the Homotopy Analysis method for solving numerically non-linear delay differential equations of fractional order. The fractional derivative will be in the Caputo sense. In this approach, the solutions are found in the form of a convergent power series with easily computed components. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the accuracy and ability of the proposed method. Keywords: Homotopy Analysis method, delay differential equations, fractional calculus, fractional delay differential equations

Time-Cost-Quality Trade-off Model for Optimal Pile Type Selection Using Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

The cost of pile foundations is part of the super structure cost, and it became necessary to reduce this cost by studying the pile types then decision-making in the selection of the optimal pile type in terms of cost and time of production and quality .So The main objective of this study is to solve the time–cost–quality trade-off (TCQT) problem by finding an optimal pile type with the target of "minimizing" cost and time while "maximizing" quality. There are many types In the world of piles but  in this paper, the researcher proposed five pile types, one of them is not a traditional, and   developed a model for the problem and then employed particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, as one of evolutionary algorithms with the help of (Mat lab software), as a tool for decision making problem about choosing the best alternative of the traded piles, and proposes a multi objective optimization model, which aims to optimize the time, cost and quality of the pile types, and assist in selecting the most appropriate pile types. The researcher selected 10 of senior engineers to conduct interviews with them.  And prepared some questions for interviews and open questionnaire. The individuals are selected from private and state sectors each one have 10 years or more experience in pile foundations work. From personal interviews and field survey the research has shown that most of the experts, engineers are not fully aware of new soft wear techniques to helps them in choosing alternatives, despite their belief in the usefulness of using modern technology and software. The Problem is multi objective optimization problem, so after running the PSO algorithm it is usual to have more than one optimal solution, for five proposed pile types, finally the researcher  evaluated and  discussed the output results and  found out that pre-high tension spun (PHC)pile type was the optimal pile type

Investigation the impact of using the recess air bio-filter (TBAB) with integrated system of a cyclic 2-recess adsorption/desorption unit for treatment of squander gas streams

In the chemical industry, fluctuations in influent concentrations and shifts in the composition of waste air make biofiltration a challenging technique. As a possible solution to the constraints of biofiltration technology, this research designs and implements an integrated system that includes a cyclic 2-bed adsorption/desorption unit and a trickling bed air biofilter (TBAB). The study's major goal was to keep the TBAB volatile organic compound (VOC) degradation performance stable and consistent over time. The studies were conducted on different TBABs with a single VOC exchange and a biomass control of periodic backwashing. Solvents that are routinely used in paint booths were examined as VOCs. Two aromatic chemicals (styrene and toluene) were investigated, as well as two aliphatic chemicals (methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and methyl isobutyl ketone) (MIBK). While the production process rotated, our study duplicated VOC emission rotation in certain chemical sectors. When VOCs were switched to aromatics, the biofilter required an apparent re-acclimation period, according to the results. The second phase looked at two different combinations of these VOCs in two separate TBAB trains with a step change in influent concentration. In the third phase, the buffering performance of a cyclic 2-bed adsorption unit was tested for a feeding composition based on an EPA industrial emission report under a square wave of fluctuating conditions. The VOC mixture was treated in the fourth step with an integrated system that includes two cyclic adsorption/desorption beds as well as TBAB. When compared to the control unit, the integrated system was able to achieve high steady performance, according to the studies' findings. Lastly, researchers looked at the microbial communities of the biofilters employed in the VOC interchange and VOC mixing studies. The interchange of VOCs demonstrated a steady transition in microbial diversity. The community structure of VOC mixes demonstrated a significant degree of independence from the component content

Physical Properties of Cu Doped ZnO Nanocrystiline Thin Films

 تم تصنيع اغشية أكسيد الزنك البلورية النانوية المطعمة بالنحاس  (ZnO: Cu)بتراكيز مختلفة .. تم ترسيب (0 ، 6 ، 9 ، 12 ، 18) ٪ من النحاس على ركيزة زجاجية باستخدام تقنية ترسب الليزر النبضي (PLD) وبتراكيز مختلفة. وقد تم توصيف بلورات ZnO: Cu   النانوية بواسطة أطياف UV-VIS ، حيود الأشعة السينية (XRD) ومجهر القوة الذرية (AFM). تم استخدام التحليل الطيفي للأشعة المرئية وفوق البنفسجية لتحديد نوع وقيمة فجوة الطاقة الضوئية ، بينما تم استخدام حيود الأشعة السينية لفحص الهيكل وتحديد حجم البلورات. تم استخدام مجاهر القوة الذرية لدراسة تكوين سطح المواد المترسبة. تم استخدام التحليل الطيفي للأشعة المرئية وفوق البنفسجية لتحديد نوع وقيمة فجوة الطاقة الضوئية. Thin films of ZnO nano crystalline doped with different concentrations (0, 6, 9, 12, and 18 )wt. % of copper were deposited on a glass substrate via pulsed laser deposition method (PLD). The properties of ZnO: Cu thin-nanofilms have been studied by absorbing UV-VIS, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopes (AFM). UV-VIS spectroscopy was used to determine the type and value of the optical energy gap, while X-ray diffraction was used to examine the structure and determine the size of the crystals.  Atomic force microscopes were used to study the surface formation of precipitated materials. The UV-VIS spectroscopy was used to determine the type and value of the optical energy gap

INTELLIGENT SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR FIRE DETECTION USING YOLOV8

This study describes a lightweight deep learning model trained on a self-made image dataset taken inside farms and open areas of the Holy Shrine of Al-Hussainiya in the City of Karbala, Iraq. This dataset includes fire and smoke images taken using a Samsung A52S camera in different weather conditions. The overall goal is to create a fire detection system model that can successfully replace the existing physical sensor-based fire detectors and lessen the issues that come with such fire detectors, including false and delayed triggering. Another goal is to control fires on farms or open areas and prevent crop damage as much as possible. Previous studies were reviewed. Moreover, the architecture of the You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) model was briefly explained, and the results it achieved were compared with those achieved by previous versions. Then, the proposed system was trained and evaluated with the YOLOv8 large model. Results showed that the proposed system outperformed the rest of the current systems in mAP, which reached 98.5%

Performance assessment of parabolic trough collector (ptc) by using three passes receiver for preheating the fuel oil under Iraq climate for different mass flow rates

An alternative design receiver of parabolic trough collector (PTC) has been discussed in the present study. The three passes design (3p) receiver made from copper and coated with selective black paint was studied and optimized experimentally. Mass flow rates were varied alongside number of days. The proposed design was compared with the PTC equipped with smooth receiver (SM). The aforementioned variations resulted in the experiments performed in September 2018. The 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th, were chosen for the PTC with smooth receiver, while 25th , 26th, 27th, and 28th were for the receiver with three passes). The solar irradiances for these days were similar. The heat transfer fluid (HTF) was fuel oil. Mass flow rates of 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 LPM were observed alongside change in number of days for the experiment. The results show that the PTC with three passes receiver achieved higher average thermal efficiency and average useful energy than the PTC with smooth receiver

Strut and Tie Modeling for RC Deep Beams under non-Central Loadings

This work aims at presenting detailed procedures companied by numerical examples for analyzing and designing reinforced concrete deep beams that subjected to non-central loadings based on Strut and Tie method (STM). The subjected loadings were moved from the center of the beam span towards the supports reaching the maximum non-centrality could be achieved (after which the beams became ‘not deep’ from ACI 318M-14 point of view). A total of three deep beams with three different types of loadings were taken into considerations; one concentrated force, two concentrated forces and uniformly distributed load. Every specimen had a cross section of 150  400 mm and a total length of 1000 mm. Generally, it was found that moving load from the span center towards one of the supports leads to worth notable decreases in the beam ultimate capacity. Therefore, in the case of one-concentrated force, the ultimate load capacity decreased by 30.2% when left shear span to effective depth ratio (aL/d) decreased from 1.3 to 0.65. While in the cases of two-concentrated forces or uniformly distributed loading, it was found that changing (aL/d) ratio from 1.02 to 0.37 led to decrease the deep beam ultimate capacity by 30.5%

An experimental study on the effect of gas injection configuration on flow characteristics in high viscosity oil columns

Gas-viscous liquid bubbly and slug flow are very common in petroleum, chemical, bioengineering, polymer, and food processing. However, there is a major knowledge gap in two-phase flow research in the design of gas injectors/distributers in very high viscosity oil systems. The present study investigates the effect of gas injection methods in columns containing very high viscosity oils (i.e., realistic liquids), and more specifically using 360 Pa · s viscosity oil in a 240-mm diameter column. The effects that the radial positioning, number of gas nozzles, and their distance from each other have on the structure of the flow in viscous liquids are presented in detail. Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is used to extract experimental data. Void fraction, bubble velocity, frequency, liquid film thickness, and bubble length were measured and analyzed at different radial gas injection positions. It has been observed that bubble length increases significantly by 0.3 m when the injection nozzle is located next to the wall of the pipe. Bubble velocity and length also increase by 0.217 m/s and 3.6 m, respectively, with increasing gas flowrate when multiple injection points are used. Increasing the distance between the gas injection points increased bubbles' length by 1.2 m. Bubbles' velocity and frequency (at higher gas flow rate) were also increased