Clinical and bacteriologic response to single-dose or multiple-dose ciprofloxacin therapy in patients infected with nalidixic acid-resistant strains of <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1.

<p>Values are median (25^th–75^th centile) unless noted.</p><p>* Based on weight discharge</p><p>Clinical and bacteriologic response to single-dose or multiple-dose ciprofloxacin therapy in patients infected with nalidixic acid-resistant strains of <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1.</p

Randomized controlled trials from which 161 adult patients infected with <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1;treated with ciprofloxacin and completed 5day study were included in this analysis.

<p>There were 580 patients in total in these four studies, of whom 161 (28%) were infected with <i>V</i>.<i>cholerae</i> O1; treated with ciprofloxacin and completed 5 day study</p><p>Randomized controlled trials from which 161 adult patients infected with <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1;treated with ciprofloxacin and completed 5day study were included in this analysis.</p

Admission characteristics and response to ciprofloxacin therapy in 161 patients infected with nalidixic acid-susceptible and nalidixic acid-resistant strains of <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1.

<p>Values are median (25^th, 75^th centiles) unless noted</p><p>* Based on disc-diffusion method</p><p>^‡ Based on discharge weight</p><p>Admission characteristics and response to ciprofloxacin therapy in 161 patients infected with nalidixic acid-susceptible and nalidixic acid-resistant strains of <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1.</p

Clinical and bacteriologic response to single-dose or multiple-dose ciprofloxacin therapy in patients infected with nalidixic acid-resistant strains of <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1.

<p>Values are median (25^th–75^th centile) unless noted.</p><p>* Based on weight discharge</p><p>Clinical and bacteriologic response to single-dose or multiple-dose ciprofloxacin therapy in patients infected with nalidixic acid-resistant strains of <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1.</p

Clinical and bacteriologic response to single-dose or multiple-dose ciprofloxacin therapy in patients infected with nalidixic acid-susceptible strains of <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1.

<p>Values are median (25^th–75^th centiles) unless noted</p><p>* Based on discharge weight</p><p>Clinical and bacteriologic response to single-dose or multiple-dose ciprofloxacin therapy in patients infected with nalidixic acid-susceptible strains of <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> O1.</p

Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin MIC⁵⁰and MIC⁹⁰ of 275 isolates of <i>V cholerae</i> O1 by year and source of strains obtained.

<p>Values are (μg/ml)</p><p>CT–Clinical trial; CLS–Clinical Laboratory Services, icddr,b</p><p>Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin MIC⁵⁰and MIC⁹⁰ of 275 isolates of <i>V cholerae</i> O1 by year and source of strains obtained.</p

Baseline characteristics of children by treatment group.

<p>Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated.</p>*<p>WHO new (2006) growth standard;</p>†<p>MUAC: Mid upper arm circumference;</p>‡<p>BCG: Bacille Calmette Guerin.</p>§<p>ALRI: Acute lower respiratory tract infection;</p>¶<p>RBP: Retinol binding protein;</p>∥<p>CRP: C-reactive protein.</p><p>No significant difference is observed for any variable between the groups.</p

Efficacy of a High-Dose in Addition to Daily Low-Dose Vitamin A in Children Suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition with Other Illnesses

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Efficacy of high-dose vitamin A (VA) in children suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) has recently been questioned. This study compared the efficacy of a single high-dose (200,000 IU) in addition to daily low-dose (5000 IU) VA in the management of children suffering from SAM with diarrhea and/or acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI).</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>In a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial in icddr,b, Bangladesh during 2005–07, children aged 6–59 months with weight-for-height <−3 Z-score and/or bipedal edema (SAM) received either a high-dose VA or placebo on admission day. Both the groups received 5,000 IU/day VA in a multivitamins drop for 15 days and other standard treatment which is similar to WHO guidelines.</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>A total 260 children (130 in each group) were enrolled. All had diarrhea, 54% had concomitant ALRI, 50% had edema, 48.5% were girl with a mean±SD age of 16±10 months. None had clinical signs of VA deficiency. Mean±SD baseline serum retinol was 13.15±9.28 µg/dl, retinol binding protein was 1.27±0.95 mg/dl, and pre-albumin was 7.97±3.96 mg/dl. Median (inter quartile range) of C-reactive protein was 7.8 (2.1, 22.2) mg/L. Children of the two groups did not differ in any baseline characteristic. Over the 15 days treatment period resolution of diarrhea, ALRI, edema, anthropometric changes, and biochemical indicators of VA were similar between the groups. The high-dose VA supplementation in children with SAM did not show any adverse event.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Efficacy of daily low-dose VA compared to an additional single high-dose was not observed to be better in the management of children suffering from SAM with other acute illnesses. A single high-dose VA may be given especially where the children with SAM may leave the hospital/treatment center early.</p> <h3>Trial Registration</h3><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00388921">NCT00388921</a></p> </div

Changes of serum retinol and retinol binding protein (RBP) over time by treatment group.

<p>Data are n (%) unless otherwise mentioned.</p>*<p>RBP: Retinol binding protein.</p

Results of exploratory analyses by logistic regression on occurrence of nosocomial morbidities after adjusting the other co-morbidities/conditions.

<p>CRP: C-reactive protein;</p>†<p>ALRI: Acute lower respiratory tract infection.</p