Systematic Review in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia for The Role of Prostatic Arterial Embolization

This study aimed at reviewing the role of Prostatic Arterial Embolization (PAE) as a new treatment producer for patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). The study reviewed the recent researches of  Prostatic Arterial Embolization (PAE) as a new treatment technique and concluded that the initial reported results of PAE seem promising, mainly during the first 12 months after treatment. However, no comparison was made to medical therapy or surgical therapies. Overlapping patient data and reporting bias could not be excluded. None of the included studies performed a power analysis. Also, a relatively small number of patients are treated with a short follow-up period. Therefore, more studies are needed with more patients and longer periods of follow-up, compared with standard medical and surgical therapies, to assess whether PAE is an effective and safe alternative treatment for BPH

Acute Kidney Injury Caused Due to Colistin Therapy: A Case Report Study Analysis

An abrupt bout of kidney damage or failure that lasts a few hours to a few days is referred to as acute renal failure (ARF) or acute kidney injury (AKI). Nephrotoxicity is classified into the following categories: R-risk, I-injury, F-failure, L-loss of function, and E-end stage renal failure. It is inherited, brought on by medications, and associated with diabetes, liver diseases, and heart issues. Typically, a drug's dose-dependent nephrotoxicity affects its severity. Multi-medication resistant (MDR) infections have led to an unprecedented increase in the use of Colistin medicine. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other gram-negative bacteria are to blame. One type of bacteria is Acinetobacter baumannii. This paper will provide the case of a 62-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital after receiving a diagnosis of venous thromboembolism and anemia. Human-acquired pneumonia results from Acinetobacter baumannii's multidrug resistance, which makes the bacteria only responsive to the antibiotics colistin and azithromycin meropenem. Two days after commencing the (Oliguria-500) medicine, there was a decrease in urine production. The renal parenchyma showed changes, and the levels of creatinine were elevated to 3.18 mg/dL. USG has been seen. Laboratory results indicate that he suffered from AKI Colistin and demonstrates strong (Naranjo score: 8) usually connected to AKI. Drug dosages were not changed. It was routine practice to monitor BUN and creatinine levels. The amount of urine produced increased to 2450 mL 15 days following treatment. Respiratory failure is one of the neurological side effects of collistin was ignored. On discharge day, the patient was stable and doing well. It seems from this that if the medication is beneficial and the risk is manageable, there is no reason to stop taking it; however, careful observation is needed. Diminish the quantity of adverse reactions

Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes among Youths in Jordan: Incidence and Trends for the period (2011-2016)

This study aimed at analyzing the incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes among youths in Jordan for the period (2011-2016), the researchers adopted the survey methodology for the period of five years from the records of the medical centers (public and private) in Jordan. Also investigated the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in diagnosis and treatments. Results showed significant upward trend in the incidence of type 1 diabetes was observed overall with considerable variation across demographic subgroups of age, sex. And also showed among youths who were 10 to 19 years of age, unadjusted models revealed significant increases in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with increases observed across all age and sex

The association between linagliptin and acute pancreatitis: A review

BackgroundLinagliptin is a Dipeptidyl Peptidase inhibitor (DPP-4i) with rare hypoglycaemic episodes and no need for renal adjustment. However, acute pancreatic is a major concern.AimsThe current review aimed to assess the relationship between linagliptin and acute pancreatitis.Methods A systematic electronic search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and the first hundred articles of Google Scholar for relevant articles. All human studies published during the period from 2006 to October 2019 were eligible. Studies on animals, experimental studies, and reviews were excluded. The search terms linagliptin, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and DPP-4i with protean AND or OR were used One hundred and thirty-two articles were retrieved and only six met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The author's name, country of origin, date of publication, type of study, number of patients, and the duration were reported.Results There were 132 studies (thirty-two in Pub Med and MEDLINE and the first hundred articles in Google Scholar), out of fourteen full texts reviewed, only six studies were eligible. Three were meta-analyses (showed no association of linagliptin with acute pancreatitis, a pooled analysis of 22 randomized controlled trials supported the above observation, while a recent randomized controlled trial concluded acute pancreatitis in 0.3 per cent in linagliptin arm vs. 0.1 per cent placebo of which 2/9 were fatal. The last study was a case report at a high risk of acute pancreatitis due to multiple gallstones and diuretics use.ConclusionAcute pancreatitis was not higher among linagliptin users. Physicians need to take the benefits of this weight and cardiovascular risk-neutral drug with no need for renal adjustment

Pattern of Strabismus in Children and Adolescents in Hail, KSA

Background: Strabismus (Squint), abnormal ocular alignment could occur constantly or intermittently. Double vision, poor vision or abnormal head positioning may accompany it. A child with squint may stop using the affected eye. This can lead to visual loss, which can become permanent unless treated early in childhood. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of squint, types and treatment characteristics in the studied children and adolescents in Hail city, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Hail city, Saudi Arabia. The study included 299 participants; 148 male and 151 female children and adolescents from 6 months to 19 years. The study period was from 1 January to 30 May 2018. Data collected by personal interview using a pre-designed questionnaire, which distributed among mothers of children and adolescents to be self-reported. Results: Squint found in 17.1% of the studied sample. Squint was right sided in 37.3% of the cases, left sided in also 37.3% and in both eyes in 25.5% of the studied cases. About half (47.1%) of cases had inward squint (esotropia) and 15.7% outward squint (exsotropia), 21.6% of the cases had Intermittent squint and 52.2% had permanent squint. In most (70.7%) of cases, squint affected the visual acuity. As regards treatment, 45.1% received medical treatment and 13.7% received surgical treatment. Only 19.6% of cases completely cured and 39.2% had recurrence. There was insignificant relation with sex, squint in parents, other hereditary diseases and consanguinity between parents (P>0.05). Conclusion: in this study, the prevalence of squint in the studied children and adolescents in Hail city, Saudi Arabia was 17.1%. No significant difference between males and females. After treatment, only 19.6% of cases completely cured and 39.2% had recurrence. Health education of the public about importance of early treatment is mandatory. Keywords: Squint; strabismus; prevalence; types; Hail; Saudi Arabia

Budesonide as a first line therapy in autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review

BackgroundAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) Is a chronic liver disease with female predominance. Treatment of this condition required usually a long-term corticosteroid therapy.AimsCurrent review aimed to summarize the efficacy of budesonide as a first line treatment in AIH.Methods Pub Med, ‎Google Scholar, and EBSCO ‎ databases were ‎systematically search for relevant articles. The terms ‎ ‎‎autoimmune hepatitis, budesonide, prednisolone and ‎azathioprine ‎were used. out of hundred ‎and six, only ‎five fulfilled ‎the inclusion criteria. Results Out of 106 articles, only 5 included in this review. All patients included in current review were steroid naive. Budesonide in dose of 3 mg trice a day was the used in 2 out of 5 studies both document complete platelet response in 50–80 per cent. Azathioprine was added to budesonide in 3 out of 5 studies, 60 per cent of the budesonide treated patient had a complete platelet response versus 30–40 per cent of prednisolone treated group.ConclusionIn non-cirrhotic AIH patients, budesonide was as effective as prednisolone with fewer steroid related side effects.

Assessment and Management of Scabies in Primary Care Settings

Scabies is an overlooked tropical illness that yet has significant worldwide effects and lasting health repercussions. The condition is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabei var. hominis, which is a parasitic organism that dwells on the outer layer of the human skin. Scabies is prevalent in impoverished neighborhoods as a result of the high population density in locations such as nursing homes, correctional facilities, and among homeless and displaced children. Nevertheless, modern nations are also prone to scabies infestations, particularly in cases of institutional outbreaks or mini epidemics occurring after conflict or natural calamities. Scabies diagnosis can be aided by both invasive and noninvasive techniques. This paper reviews assessment diagnosis, and management of scabies in primary health care settings

Squint Among Adult Population in Hail City, Saudi Arabia

Background: Strabismus, also known as crossed eyes, is a condition in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. If present during a large part of childhood, it may result in amblyopia. If onset is during adulthood, it is more likely to result in double vision. Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of squint, types and treatment characteristics in the studied adults in Hail city, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Hail city, Saudi Arabia. The study included 294 participants; 95 male and 199 female adults aged >20 years. The study period was from 1 January to 30 April 2018. Data collected by personal interview using a pre-designed questionnaire, which distributed among the participants to be self-reported. Results: The prevalence of squint among the studied population was 9.9%. it was more common in females than males. Squint was right sided in 24.1% of the cases, left sided in 51.7% and in both eyes in 24.1% of the studied cases. About half (44.8%) of cases had inward squint (esotropia) and 10.3% outward squint (exsotropia), 24.1% of the cases had Intermittent squint and 6.9% had permanent squint. Most (55.2%) of squint cases use glasses and 34.5% of cases squint affected their visual acuity. In 6.9%, squint causes psychological troubles. As regards treatment, 20.7% received medical treatment and 17.2% received surgical treatment but 62.1% do not seek medical care. Only 10.3% of cases completely cured and 13.8% had recurrence. There was insignificant relation with age, sex, education, squint in parents, chronic diseases, consanguinity or hereditary diseases (P>0.05). Conclusion: in this study, the prevalence of squint in the adult participants in Hail city, Saudi Arabia was 9.9% but 62.1% do not seek medical care. After treatment, only 10.3% of cases completely cured and 13.8% had recurrence. Health education of the public about importance of early treatment is highly recommended. Keywords: Squint; strabismus; adult population; prevalence; types; Hail; Saudi Arabia

Effect of levothyroxine plus liothyronine combination therapy on hypothyroid patients quality of life

BackgroundLiothyronine combination with Levothyroxine(T4-T3) has been tried to improve the quality of life among hypothyroid patients on levothyroxine immunotherapy and normal thyroxine stimulating hormone levels. However, the efficacy of such a combination is unknown. The current review aimed to assess the effects of T4-T3 combination therapy on quality of life.AimsThe current review aimed to compare levothyroxine mono-therapy versus T4-T3 combination therapy on quality of life among hypothyroid patients.Methods The Pub Med and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for relevant articles. Articles published in the English language from the first available article up to March 2020 were approached. The terms hypothyroidism, levothyroxine, and liothyronine were used. Out of hundred and eight articles retrieved, only six fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results In majority of randomized control trials (4 out of 6 RCTs), T4/T3combination therapy fail to show superiority over the standard levothyroxine mono-therapy.ConclusionLevothyroxine remain the standard of care in hypothyroid patient

Extraintestinal Manifestations Of Ulcerative Colitis In Saudi Arabia: Systematic Review

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly ulcerative colitis (UC), exhibits varied clinical presentations and extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) that impact the overall well-being of affected individuals. This systematic review aims to consolidate recent studies conducted in Saudi Arabia to comprehensively analyze the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of UC patients, with a specific focus on bone-related complications. Objective: To systematically review Extraintestinal Manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis in Saudi Arabia Methodology: Using the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive A systematic search was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2014 and 2023 on PubMed in English that investigated UC in Saudi Arabia. resulting in the inclusion of seven studies with a collective participant count of 1580. Sociodemographic characteristics & Clinical characteristics, particularly the prevalence of bone-related complications, were examined across these studies. Results: The sociodemographic analysis of 1580 participants from seven studies highlighted variations in extraintestinal manifestations in IBD. Due to the inflammatory nature of the UC disease, and increased glucocorticoids concentrations, bone-related complications, including osteoporosis and osteopenia, were prevalent in UC patients, with distinct patterns observed in different studies. Arthropathy emerged as one of the most common extraintestinal manifestation. Moreover, renal stones are another issue for these patients. Finally, all of these manifestations contribute to the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms that was identified among UC patients, that indicated that fifth of these cohort suffer from, psychological disease. Conclusion: This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies on UC in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the prevalence of bone-related complications as predominant extra intestinal manifestations. The findings underscore the importance of addressing these complications in the management of UC patients, necessitating regular testing of the bone density in these patients and provide supplements and other necessary treatments for these patients. Moreover, it is important to consider the psychological impact of such disease on the quality of life of patients. Comprehensive multi-disciplinary medical teams need to work together to address various clinical aspects regarding Ulcerative colitis. This does not only include gastroenterologist, nephrologists and general internists, but also include psychologists/therapists to ensure all patients needs are addressed. Finally, further research is needed to have comprehensive view of UC in Saudi Populations and improve the overall quality of care