Spatio-temporal trends of typhoid fever among youths attending Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Typhoid fever continues to be significant causes of illness and death particularly among children and adolescents in developing countries as a result of poor sanitation and unsafe food and water supply especially where the water is contaminated by human feces. This study analysed the spatial and temporal trends of typhoid fever in Kano metropolis between 2010-2014. Hospital records for youths attending Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital (MAWSH) were used. Coordinate of wards in the metropolis was also generated and imported into Arc GIS environment. G-Statistics was used to determine the distribution and cluster of typhoid prevalence. The results showed an upward trend with increase in age. It also showed a downward trend from 2010 to 2014, indicating that people are becoming aware of the disease and the predisposing factors. The findings also revealed higher prevalence among the males. The results of the G- Statistics showed higher prevalence in the northern part of the metropolis, with hot spots in Dakata and Tarauni wards. The study recommends frequent vaccination and good eating and drinking habits as well as good hygienic practices at home and outside home as remedies for addressing the problem.Keywords: Typhoid Fever, Spatial, Temporal, Youths, G-statistics, Kan

Deployment of Mobile Ad-hoc Network Ticket Based QoS Routing Protocol for Healthcare

A Mobile Adhoc Network comprises of set of portable hosts which are equipped for corresponding with one another with no aid of base stations. MANET are quick evolving topology, broad exploration is going ahead to outline directing conventions for MANETs. The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector convention concerns with most limited way steering and changing the courses powerfully in work space. Quality of Service (QoS) prerequisite issues are less tended to in MANETs and the motivation behind this paper is to address QoS directing in a MANET domain and concentrate principally on ticket based QoS steering convention to figure out course fulfilling certain data transmission and delay obliges. The essential thought is to utilize tickets to keep the quantity of route searching packets to abstain from flooding and to make courses progressively to accomplish proficient Quality of Service

A NEW DESIGN of SIX- PHASE ROTARY CONVERTER ELECTRIC MACHINE

The aim of this research is to design a new ac rotary converter machine to convert the ac single phase voltage to six-phase voltages by using multi stages energy conversion machine. The rotary converter is composed from two main stages and is combined into one frame. These two stages are formed from three main electromagnetic components. The first component represents the input stage that enables the energy from single phase to enter and transformed by the second and third components electro-magnetically to produce six-phase voltages which at the output stage. The programs are created using MATLAB in order to calculate the required dimensions of the converter machine and its parameters for magnetic and electrical circuits

Extraction of Chrysophyllum albidum Seed Oil: Optimization and Characterization

This work presents the result of the optimization of extraction of oil from Chrysophyllum albidum seed using ethanol as solvent. A 23 factorial designs with replication was employed to study the effect particle size, time, and temperature of extraction. The oil yield from extraction was 12.70 – 16.85 % with the optimal yield of 16.85 % at particle size of 500 µm, temperature of 55 0 C, and a time of 6 hours. Characterizations of the oil reveal a Saponification value of 228.4mgKOH/g, iodine value of 30 gI2 /100g, peroxide value of 1.45 meq/kg, acid value of 2.52 mgKOH/g. The oil extracted from this seed can be effectively used for variety of domestic and industrial application such as the making of paint, candles, soap and biodiesel. Keywords: Optimization, Characterization, Chrysophyllum albidum, Oi

Workflow for building and calibrating 3D pre-injection and 4D geomechanics modelling to assess caprock and fault integrity for geologic CO2 storage

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been established as a viable technology for the mitigation of climate change caused mainly by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Ever since the publication of the special report on CCS by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2005, there has been an increased research and development in all areas of CCS. Some of these research involves use of numerical methods and models for optimizing storage and ensuring effective long term containment. In this paper, we propose a workflow for building and calibrating 3D preinjection and 4D geomechanics modelling to assess caprock and fault integrity for geologic carbon dioxide storage. The workflow presented here describes a seamless end -to-end process which combines a transparent flow of data with an easy-to-use graphical user interface. The workflow can conduct 3D static and 4D flow-, pressure-, and temperature-coupled calculations for rock deformations, failure and stresses. In highly heterogeneous and complex models, the workflow is capable of modelling multiple hundred faults, and multiple thousand discrete fractures. It allows the geological model, despite its high degree of complexity to be maintained throughout the geomechanical analyses process

Impact of Health Education in Halting the Spread of Infectious Diseases in Nigerian Schools

The future of a nation depends to a large extent on the health of its citizens. Man from time immemorial has recognized diseases as an inevitable phenomenon that affects the life of Nigerian school pupils. This paper has mentioned the classes of infectious diseases, nature of common infectious diseases in schools as well as control of infectious diseases in Nigerian school system. Recommendations offered are directed towards pupils, school administrators, parents and government

Effects of rice husk ash on durability of self-compacting concrete made with cassava peel ash

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly flowable concrete with improved strength and surface smoothness. The preparation of SCC requires high amount of cement. This utilizes tremendous amount of energy and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It is critical to reduce CO2 emissions during Portland cement (PC) manufacture by partially replacing cement in the SCC. This study evaluates the durability characteristics of SCC produced using cassava peel ash (CPA) combined with rice husk ash (RHA) at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 percent cement replacement levels respectively. The effects of water absorption, H2SO4 attack, MgSO4 attack, and high heat on SCC made with CPA and RHA blends were examined. The results show that, as CPA and RHA proportions rise by approximately 5% CPA and 10% CPA+RHA substitution, SCC compressive strength equates to design strength (grade 35). It was also discovered that CPA and RHA both enhance resistance to H2SO4 and MgSO4 degradation, but perform poorly when exposed to elevated temperatures when compared to the control specimen. However, when CPA is utilized with RHA in SCC, the rate of water absorption is reduced to a minimum due to an enhanced pore structure of the CPA-SCC specimen. Generally, a 5% CPA content is considered as the optimum replacement of cement for self-compacting concrete with grade 35

Potentials of Sludge from Drinking Water Treatment Plant for Use as Source of Soil Nutrients for Reclamation of Degraded Land

The residuals from Gubi drinking water treatment plant are usually discharged directly into the nearby streams without any form of treatment. The decomposition of the organic materials contained in the untreated sludge has caused the production of malodorous gases and unsightly condition in the area. The disposal of this sludge in an environmentally friendly manner is therefore not only desirable but necessary. The aim of this investigation was to assess the feasibility of utilizing the residuals from Gubi water treatment plant as a source of nutrients for reclamation of degraded lands especially those arising from mining activities. The study was carried out at Gubi water treatment plant located in the vicinity of Gubi Dam water reservoir.Ten sludge samples were collected from each of the three clerifiers. Important sludge properties that are known to aid nutrients status of soil were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. The means of various soil quality parameters recorded in the WTRs were 6.8, 20.06g/kg, 34.90g/kg, 1.65g/kg, 2.30g/kg, 13.45mg/kg, 2.50Cmol/kg, 2.10Cmol/kg and 28Cmol/kg for pH, Organic C, Organic Matter, K, Total N, Olsen P, Ca, Mg and CEC respectively. The means of all the parameters analysed falls within the ranges considered good for vegetation growth. The heavy metals concentrations recorded in the residual were 1.8mg/kg, 0.1mg/kg, 2mg/kg, 29mg/kg, 66mg/kg, 15mg/kg, 8.7mg/kg, 6.2mg/kg and 0.03mg/kg for As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr and Hg respectively. The concentrations of all the metals did not exceed the acceptable threshold limits recommended by regulatory authorities. Considering the enormous amount of plant nutrients and absence of excessive toxic metals in Gubi WTRs, it is safe to conclude that the residual can be use as a source of soil nutrients for reclamation of degraded land. Key words: Sludge, Soil Nutrients, Degraded Land, Reclamatio