African Governance Architecture; Lessons and Recommendations for Action

What has been seen from the experiences of African countries is that a leadership style based on command and control is no longer suited for making a capable state characterized by constitutionalism This will require high-level skills combined with strong commitment and determination on the part of African leaders at large Beyond the coming into power with a limited experience African leaders are too stubborn and are attacked by rigidity and no room for dynamism in their character This situation contributes its part to the today s insecure governance structure in the continent If African leaders and the government they lead are dedicated to the rights unity and well-being of their people they will ensure the consolidation of their nation and its security which will have a cumulative transformation on the governance architecture of the continent Recently Africa needs leaders that understood the social economic and political forces that constitute the security arena and who never forget their role as an ultimate stakeholder for promoting good governance and the subsequent events of wealth creation and sustainable development in the continen

Governance and Leadership Challenges in Africa

This paper is a critical analysis of leadership and governance crises in the horn of Africa in particular and the rest part of the continent in general. It argues that Africa's failures have come largely as a result of frequent leadership change, lack of clear ideology, policy reversal and weak institutional setups. It also examines the leadership selection process in Africa and it takes the imposition pattern and that African leaders have frequently come to their position with limited experience or just the source of their authority is beyond the governed (Afegbua, 2012).. Hence, the decline in moral and discipline caused by bad and unsustainable policies, eroded professional standards and weakened the system of governance. It observes that for Africa to overcome the contemporary leadership and governance crisis, those on whom the burden of leadership will fall in the future must fully comprehend their responsibilities. Since the long term salvation of developing countries depends on the quality of its future change makers, they must also be well prepared to face the challenges of leadership in developing society. The paper concludes that only leadership that has maximum empathy for the people can be relevant to the qualitative movement of Africa

Examining the Effects of Cultural Dimensions on Deviant IS Use Behaviour in a Developing Economy Context

Information System (IS) tools and applications create opportunities for a positive digital change to all individuals and organizations in the global workplace to improve competitiveness and quality of work life. Recent studies have shown that the most problematic areas in IS security incidences are people-related factors. In this regard, employees are causing IS security risks and vulnerabilities as they use those resources, especially by exercising their legitimate and lawful rights, mainly because people are the weakest link on IS security matters. On the one hand, the effects of organizational sanctions are not always effective due to socio-cultural variabilities, and so far they have not been able to fully defend employee related IS misuse or misconduct. On the other hand, the use of neutralization techniques supports individuals to justify their deviant actions, but differently to people in different socio-cultural bases. To examine such a problem, therefore, culture as a moderator, criminological constructs and level of employees’ awareness to IS security as independent variables are employed to explain IS misuse intention in unison are proposed through a comprehensive conceptual research model. A positivist research paradigm using a cross-sectional quantitative survey data collection approach will be adapted to help empirically test the model. To validate the model and its constructs, the study will apply SEM-PLS data analysis techniques using Smart-PLS and SPSS with Amos. Finally, this study in progress discusses the potential practical and theoretical contributions and plans to provide scientific evidence based on its findings

Determination of the Levels of Iron from Red, Mixed and White Teff (Eragrostis) Flour by using UV/Visible Spectrophotometery

A simple and sensitive Spectrophotometric method has been used for the determination of iron concentration in Teff flour and its concentration was compared between the different varieties. The method is based on the reaction of iron with o-phenathroline reagent at acidic condition. The absorbance-concentration plot was linear over the range 0.1-2 mg L-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.999. This method was applied successfully for determination of iron in teff flour samples. The result shows that the concentration of iron was the highest for the red teff with a value of 2472.7mg/kg, mixed teff have the next highest iron content with 1440.9 mg/kg, while white teff has the least iron concentration with 881mg/kg. This project work revealed that Red/brown teff, the least expensive form and the least preferred type, has the highest iron content. Keywords: Teff (Eragrostis), o-phenanthroline, UV/Visible Spectrophotometery

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Study on Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes with N,N-di (o-hydroxybenzenoylmethylene) ethylenediamine

The Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with a tetradentate ligan

Meteorological drought assessment in north east highlands of Ethiopia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the patterns and trends of drought incidence in north east highlands of Ethiopia using monthly rainfall record for the period 1984-2014. Design/methodology/approach – Standard precipitation index and Mann – Kendal test were used to analyze drought incident and trends of drought occurrences, respectively. The spatial extent of droughts in the study area has been interpolated by inverse distance weighted method using the spatial analyst tool of ArcGIS. Findings – Most of the studied stations experienced drought episodes in 1984, 1987/1988, 1992/1993, 1999, 2003/2004 and 2007/2008 which were among the worst drought years in the history of Ethiopia. The year 1984 was the most drastic and distinct-wide extreme drought episode in all studied stations. The Mann–Kendal test shows an increasing tendencies of drought at three-month (spring) timescale at all stations though significant (p < 0.05) only at Mekaneselam and decreasing tendencies at three-month (summer) and 12-month timescales at all stations. The frequency of total drought was the highest in central and north parts of the region in all study seasons. Originality/value – This detail drought characterization can be used as bench mark to take comprehensive drought management measures such as early warning system, preparation and contingency planning, climate change adaptation programs

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Associated Factors Among Women in Perinatal Period

Background and Objective Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is an important public health issue requiring adequate screening and management to avoid such harmful consequences. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of EDS in the perinatal period. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out in selected public health institutions of Ethiopia on systematic selected 362 women during perinatal period. We used a validated Epworth daytime sleepiness tool to collect data. Epi-InfoTM 7 and SPSS version 26 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors. Results The prevalence of EDS was 16.6% (95% CI: 12.6–20.7). Excessive pregnancy-related concern (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.232, 95% CI: 0.087–0.621), having depression symptoms (AOR = 8.045, 95% CI: 3.375–19.174), anxiety symptoms (AOR = 4.905, 95% CI: 2.083– 11.550) and having a chronic medical illness (AOR = 5.441, 95% CI: 2.273–13.021) were the factors associated with EDS. Conclusions The results of the current study suggested that perinatal EDS among women in northern part of Ethiopia is a highly prevalent and associated with excessive pregnancy concern, depression, anxiety, and medical illness

Existential threats to pastoralism in an arid environment: the fate of Gujii pastoralists in Southern Ethiopia

The pastoralists of Gujii have faced numerous risks, with their pastoralism system facing serious challenges. With the technically inconsistent and timely unmanaged interventions, several pastoral households are facing unreserved challenges. As a result, the future of pastoralists appears to be in great danger. The objective of this study is to investigate the ongoing challenges of Gujii pastoralism, as well as the fate of pastoralists in southern Ethiopia who are suffering from unrelenting drought. Ethiopian Meteorological Agency provided monthly rainfall and temperature data from 1986 to 2016. A household survey was conducted with 340 household heads randomly chosen from the study area to examine the challenges of the pastoralists have been facing. Moreover, a key informant interview and a focus group discussion were employed to collect qualitative data. Each watershed unit held one round of focus group discussions, with an average of 7-10 participants. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to detect the temporal variability of seasonal rainfall and temperature. To detect trends, the Mann Kendall (MK) and Sen's slope estimator were used to determine the trends and magnitude of the change.  Political and tenure insecurity seriously affected the pastoral system in different ways. Autumn and spring had high variability in rainfall, with CV = 48.76% and 32.43%, respectively. Both winter and spring temperatures show a significant increase at (a = 0.1). Climate variability has made the already fragile pastoral households even more vulnerable. Pastoralist’s future would be difficult with all of these problems, and its resilience would be doubtful. As a result, in order to ensure the pastoral's long-term survivability, the government