Epidemiological Study on the Prevalence of Violence Among employed Women in Kufa University and some associated Factors

Abstract:Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of violence against women(VAW) and some associated factors in a sample of employed women in Kufa university.Design and methods: A cross sectional study of VAW covering 110 employed married women in 6 colleges in Kufa university was carried out during the period of 1st of March to the 1st of May 2011, data collection was done by using questionnaire forms containing demographic and violence related questions as well as questions related to husbands of participants.Results: Results showed that about 37.3 % of the sample were ever exposed to violence by their husbands both physical and sexual violence. Thirty six women (32.7 %) exposed to physical violence and 15 women (13.6%) exposed to sexual violence.No significant statistical association ( p=0.37) was found between violence and if the husband is relative or not as well as no significant statistical association ( p=1) was found between violence and husband's work

Association between zinc deficiency and obesity among a sample of adult in Al-Najaf city, Iraq

Background: Obesity has become a major health problem, defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue and is diagnosed with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. The study aimed to find the correlation between zinc deficiency and obesity, also, to study the association between obesity and different socio-demographic factors. Material and Methods: A case-control study was conducted to achieve the aims of the study that has been conducted from the beginning of December 2021 until June 2022. The size of the sample comprises 140 participants who were equally divided into two groups, obese group (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) and the control group, (BMI18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2). All participants were taken randomly from adult peoples ages ranged between (18-65) years in Al-Najaf Governorate. Results: The association between serum zinc and obesity was significant (p-value = 0.041, O. ratio (95%CI) = 2.01(1.02-3.97)). The correlation between serum zinc level with both BMI and waist hip ratio (WHR) was negatively correlation (r = -0.241, r = -0.033, respectively). The association between obesity and socio-demographics characteristics was only significant with gender and marital status (P-value =0.002, 0.016, respectively), while the other characteristics were not significant (p-value = >0.05)

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially