The transtheoretical model: Changes in health beliefs among female adolescents in Iran during 3 years

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to track adolescents’ attitudes towards changes in their health behavior considering perceived benefit and barrier in different stages of physical activity during a three-year transitional period from junior high school to high school. METHODS: Data were collected amongst female adolescents in 2010 (n = 558) using random cluster sampling method, of whom 400 were provided by follow-up data in 2013. The stages of change and health beliefs regarding physical activity were measured using self-reported questionnaires. The research data were, then, analyzed in statistical analysis system (SAS), using inferential statistics. RESULTS: The baseline participants had a mean age of 14.28 ± 1.54 and at follow-up were 17.52 ± 1.82. At the baseline and follow-up, proportions of participants in pre-adaption and adaption stages were 26.7%-73.3% and 72.3%-27.7%, respectively. At baseline, pre-contemplators showed significantly lower positive attitude and greater agreement for most of the barrier items than those on other stages. In the baseline, female in action and maintenance stages endorsed greatest agreement for the barrier item i.e. having too much homework. In comparison to females, in the maintenance stage pre-contemplators were more likely to agree that a "not knowing how to do a certain type of exercise"(OR = 10.30, CI = 4.42-23.99). At the follow-up, in the pre-contemplators and maintenance stages, the greatest amount of agreement for the barrier item was "not enough time". CONCLUSION: This study revealed transition from junior high school to high school and showed lower physical activity in females. Consequently, perceived barriers increased and perceived benefits decreased in the transition from junior high school to high school.  

The Role of Pain Severity and Fear of Movement on Explanation of Physical Disability in Patients with Chronic Pain

Introduction: Pain is associated with varying degrees of limitation in function. Although many people experience pain, but there is difference in disability. Some think this difference is due to pain severity or psychological variables such as fear of movement. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of pain severity and fear of movement on explanation of physical disability in patients with chronic pain. Methods: 207 patients with chronic pain (71 men and 136 women) were chosen by purposeful method and pain intensity subscale of multidimensional pain inventory, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were completed and data were analyzed by regression method. Results: The mean age of the sample was 44.41 years and main location of pain for most was back (42%) and feet (22.7%). Regression analysis showed that pain intensity and fear of movement explains 33% of the variance in disability. While comparing the zero-order correlation indicates the pain severity is stronger. Conclusion: Pain severity and fear of movement are effective in disability and it is necessary, especially for treatments that aim to boost or restore the physical ability of patients, attention to them. Declaration of Interest: None.

Affective Norms for 362 Persian Words

Background: During the past two decades, a great deal of research has been conducted on developing affective norms for words in various languages, showing that there is an urgent need to create such norms in Persian language, too. The present study intended to develop a set of 362 Persian words rated according to their emotional valence, arousal, imageability, and familiarity so as to prepare the ground for further research on emotional word processing. This was the first attempt to set affective norms for Persian words in the realm of emotion.  Methods: Prior to the study, a multitude of words were selected from Persian dictionary and academic books in Persian literature. Secondly, three independent proficient experts in the Persian literature were asked to extract the suitable words from the list and to choose the best (defined as grammatically correct and most often used). The database normalization process was based on the ratings by a total of 88 participants using a 9-point Likert scale. Each participant evaluated about 120 words on four different scales.  Results: There were significant relationships between affective dimensions and some psycholinguistic variables. Also, further analyses were carried out to investigate the possible relationship between different features of valences (positive, negative, and neutral) and other variables included in the dataset.  Conclusion: These affective norms for Persian words create a useful and valid dataset which will provide researchers with applying standard verbal materials as well as materials applied in other languages, e.g. English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc

The transtheoretical model: Changes in health beliefs among female adolescents in Iran during 3 years

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to track adolescents’ attitudes towards changes in their health behavior considering perceived benefit and barrier in different stages of physical activity during a three-year transitional period from junior high school to high school. METHODS: Data were collected amongst female adolescents in 2010 (n = 558) using random cluster sampling method, of whom 400 were provided by follow-up data in 2013. The stages of change and health beliefs regarding physical activity were measured using self-reported questionnaires. The research data were, then, analyzed in statistical analysis system (SAS), using inferential statistics. RESULTS: The baseline participants had a mean age of 14.28 ± 1.54 and at follow-up were 17.52 ± 1.82. At the baseline and follow-up, proportions of participants in pre-adaption and adaption stages were 26.7%-73.3% and 72.3%-27.7%, respectively. At baseline, pre-contemplators showed significantly lower positive attitude and greater agreement for most of the barrier items than those on other stages. In the baseline, female in action and maintenance stages endorsed greatest agreement for the barrier item i.e. having too much homework. In comparison to females, in the maintenance stage pre-contemplators were more likely to agree that a "not knowing how to do a certain type of exercise"(OR = 10.30, CI = 4.42-23.99). At the follow-up, in the pre-contemplators and maintenance stages, the greatest amount of agreement for the barrier item was "not enough time". CONCLUSION: This study revealed transition from junior high school to high school and showed lower physical activity in females. Consequently, perceived barriers increased and perceived benefits decreased in the transition from junior high school to high school

Standardization of a trauma symptoms checklist for children

Background: The aim of this study was to standardize and assign validity and reliability of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC-A). Methods: Normative data for the TSCC-A were based on 3042 students participating in a prevalence child abuse study in 19 different locations of Tehran and 140 participants who had been refered to the run-away children centers in Tehran. After the TSCC was validated on run-away and abused children, it was made available to researchers doing larger studies on a normative group. Results: Reliability analysis of the TSCC-A scales in the normative sample demonstrated high internal consistency. The evidence for its validations (convergent, discriminant and construct validity) showed that they were significantly acceptable. Conclusion: This paper presents data demonstrating the psychometric reliability and validity of the TSCC-A scales in the Iranian student population. We suggest to include the TSCC-A in a battery of relevant standardized tests

THE PERSONAL-RELATIONSHIPS PROBLEMS OF WOMEN WHO HAD ADDICTED HUSBAND: A Perspective to Their Rehabilitation

Addiction can have adverse effects on morality in society and consequently because of dependency may destroy morality and cause crime, hostility and violence directly and indirectly. Addicted family and their first degree relatives suffer because of these addiction consequences and are victims. The study was based on a expost factor and cross sectional research method. It determines the personal–relationship problems of women with addicted husband by comparison with women having unaddicted husband. The subjects of the study consisted of 186 women (the mean age=36 and SD=9) whom their husband had received treatment for their addiction and came to receive professional services of outpatient addiction treatment centers at least once (from December 2007 to February 2008). These centers are located in different parts of Tehran. 173 women with unaddicted husband who were among the relatives, neighbors and friends of the first group were chosen as comparison group. A clinical interview for all subjects from both groups were conducted to confirm include and exclude research criteria. Data were gathered by: 1) Demographic Questionnaire 2) Personal and Relationship Profil(PRP,Struas etal,1999) Results showed the differences between two groups in all of Personal and Relationship Profile subscales except in Jealousy,And indicated that women with addicted husband had more symptoms in Antisocial Personality, Borderline Personality, Depression, Stress, violence Approval. They also reported a history of abuse and neglect. In relationship profiles they had more problems in Conflict, Communication Anger Management, and Relationship Commitments (particularly with their husbands) and Negative Attribution subscales. These differences display a higher level of problems in women who had addicted husband.So any rehabilitation program must consider all these problems and psychopotolog

Sources of Occupational Stress in Employees of Rehabilitation Organization and Effect of These Stressors on Their Job Satisfaction

Objective: The present study was carried out in order to investigate sources of occupational stress in employees of welfare organization and relationship of these stressors with their job satisfaction. Among these stressors which are of two types of environmental and individual, sense of control (individual source), role conflict and role ambiguity (environmental source) were studied. In the next step, we studied the relationship of these stressors with employees' job satisfaction (in terms of nature of work, supervisor, colleagues, promotions, and salary). Materials & Methods: The statistical population included all psychologists employed in rehabilitation organization. Out of them, 77 persons were selected through systematic random sampling (30%). The data of study were collected with job description index (Smith et al., 1969), occupational skill, knowledge questionnaire, and a checklist of measuring attitude toward occupational role. Results: Results indicated that the stressors of role conflict and role ambiguity in employees are correlated with external locus of control. Positive attitude toward job role had a positive correlation with knowledge and diversity of occupational activity.   Conclusion: The results revealed that the role conflict and role ambiguity affected by inefficiency of occupational skill and knowledge of employees are the major occupational stressors of employees and the sense of control had a regulating role in this regard

The Effects of Integrative Reminiscence Therapy on Signs and Symptoms of Depression in the Elderly

Objectives: The Main aim of this study was to determine the effects of integrative reminiscence therapy on signs and symptoms of depression in the institutionalized elderly. Methods & Materials: This study was an experimental study with pre-test and post-test along with control group. The statistical society in this study consisted of all elderly adults residing in centers of Isfahan. Sample selection style was simple random sampling. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) were primarily administered and the scores of higher than ten in GDS (severe and moderate depression) and higher than twenty one in MMSE were identified and a number of 36 subjects were randomly selected and were randomly divided into two groups, 18 participants to experiment group and 18 participants to the control group. Results: The analysis of the results was performed using independent t-test and chisquare. Mean of the difference of pretest and posttest results was acquired in experimental group (M=2.5385, SD=0.87706)and control group (M=1, SD=0.93541). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that integrative reminiscence therapy can significantly result in reducing depression signs and symptoms in older adults. This intervention can serve as a supplementary treatment along with pharmaceutical treatment

Efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive program on quality of life and happiness of nurses in psychiatric wards

AbstractThe overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on quality of life and happiness psychiatric hospital caregivers is the martyr of Zare. This study is applied and the method, the preceding studies PyshZmvn and PsZmvn quasi-experimental design with a control group. The population of it, all nurses psychiatric hospital patients martyr Zare to form the number 85 because of the quasi-experimental study, 40 patients (20 cases and 20 controls) using the sampling method available as were chosen. The World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire to collect data in four dimensions and Oxford happiness questionnaire with 26 questions and 29 questions was used. Tools face and content validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the quality of life questionnaire 734/0 and 84/0 respectively happiness questionnaire. To analyze the data Zmvn Hay univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate (MANCOVA) is used. Results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on quality of life and happiness psychiatric hospital caregivers martyr Zare has a significant impac

Parent management training used in abusive parent – child interaction in children with ADHD

AbstractThe present study examined the efficacy of group positive parenting program, a psycho educational intervention, on abusive parent – child interaction in children with ADHD; participants were mothers of thirty children who met attention deficits and hyperactivity disorder. They were selected from two child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of Tehran and put in to two groups (experimental and control group).their baseline condition was assessed with CTSPC (conflict tactics scale parent- child) .the program of intervention that run for the participant of experimental group had eight sessions, six weekly session of two hours duration plus two telephone session of fifteen minutes, training took over two months. finding for pre and post treatment data indicated the frequency of abusive behaviour of mothers was reduced and one month follow up showed the stable efficiency of the program The results of this program show that we can use this kind of intervention to compensate the lack of information of mothers for solving their problems with their child by no abusive ways and by learning the acceptable behavioural tactics