Effect of Quercus infectoria and Zataria multiflora extracts on the expression of Apo-B100 and PPAR-α in liver and adipose tissues in insulin resistant rats

Background: Insulin resistance can increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Studies have shown that expression of PPAR alpha improved insulin function in patients with insulin resistance. Also ApoB100 is an essential ligand for the receptors of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Increased plasma level of apoB100 is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its increased production leads to insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Q. Infectoria and Z. multiflora extracts on the expression of PPARα and Apo-B100 genes in adipose and hepatic tissues of insulin-resistant ratsMaterials and methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into 1- healthy control, 2- high fat control, 3- fenofibrate,4- Q. Infectoria and 5- Z. multiflora groups. All groups were fed with high fat diet for 6 weeks expect for the healthy control. Glucose tolerance test was performed to confirm insulin resistance in rats. Then groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated by fenofibrate, Q. Infectoria and Z. multiflora extracts respectively. After sacrificing the rats, their liver and fat tissues were removed. Real-time PCR was used to assess PPARα and ApoB100 gene expressions. Results: All groups had significant weight gain after 8 weeks. Expression of PPAR-α and ApoB100 genes were the same in Q. Infectoria, Z. multiflora, fenofibrate and healthy control groups.Conclusion: In conclusion, Q. Infectoria and Z. multiflora extracts decreased ApoB100 and increased PPARα gene expressions but these changes were not statistically significant

Investigating the inhibitory effects of Seidlitzia rosmarinus extract on the amyloid fibril formation of ҡ-casein in the presence of dextran

Background: Formation of amyloid fibrils has been associated with different protein aggregation diseases. Many studies indicate that many proteins can be converted in vitro into amyloid structures. Isolated ҡ-casein (ҡ-CN) spontaneously forms amyloid fibrils under physiological conditions, so it is a convenient model for researching generic aspect of fibril formation.Materials and Methods: In this study the effect of aqueous extract of S. rosmarinus on the amyloid formation of ҡ-CN in the presence and absence of crowding agent, dextran, have been examined using Thioflavin T binding (ThT) assay, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy.Results: ThT binding assay showed that dextran increased the rate of amyloid fibril formation and S. rosmarinus extract retarded the amyloid fibril formation in κ-CN. In the presence of dextran however, the effect of   S. rosmarinus extract on the amyloid formation of ҡ-CN was less than in its absence.Fluorescence spectroscopy results also demonstrated that dextran led to unfolding and increased the exposure hydrophobic area in ҡ-CN. S. rosmarinus extract efficiency decreased the exposure of hydrophobic regions in κ-CN, whereas in the presence of dextran this effect of extract was reduced.CD spectroscopy results exhibited that incubation of κ-CN with S. rosmarinus extract prevented a structural transition to a β-sheet. CD spectroscopy results also indicated that by adding dextran to reduced κ-CN β-sheet structures observed, which indicates structural change. S. rosmarinus extract however, prevented transition to β-sheet structural.Conclusion: In conclusion our finding suggests that S. rosmarinus extract prevents amyloid fibril formation in κ-CN, although this effect decreased in the presence of dextran

A Comparative Study of 25 (OH) Vitamin D Serum Levels in Patients with metabolic syndrome and healthy individuals

Background: The incidence of metabolic syndrome has been rising in the Iran population. In parallel, vitamin D deficiency has also been increasing in Iran. This study aims to explore the association of vitamin D serum concentrations with metabolic syndrome and its components in the Iranian population.  Materials and Methods: A case-control study was managed. We enrolled 110 metabolic syndrome patients, according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria as a case group and 130 healthy individuals as a control group. The serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25 (OH)D), lipid profile, and fasting blood glucose(FBS) status were determined using a commercially available ELISA method. Enzymatic methods determined total cholesterol (Chol), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels.  Results: In case group, the prevalence rate of 25 (OH)D deficiency (<10 ng/mL) was 10%, 25 (OH)D insufficiency (10–29 ng/mL) was 71.0%, and 25 (OH)D sufficiency (>30 ng/mL) was 19.0%. A non-significant association between Chol level and age was noted (p=0.46, p=0.124). The levels of FBS and TG were significantly higher, and the levels of 25 (OH)D, LDL, and HDL were significantly lower in the case of the group compared to the control group. Conclusion: We found that the serum level of 25 (OH)D in patients with metabolic syndrome is lower than in the healthy group, and a low level of 25 (OH)D is related to increased risk of metabolic syndrome and its components. &nbsp

Effects of Pomegranate Juice with and without Aerobic Training on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Background and Aim: Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic disease, which is associated with obesity and inactivity. Plant-based dietary patterns are recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, the effect of aerobic training on the improvement of type 2 diabetes is also highly emphasized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 2-months of pomegranate juice consumption with and without aerobic training on the levels of HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this study, 58 women with type 2 diabetes who were referred to Tehran Lorzadeh clinic were randomly divided into four groups: control, pomegranate juice, aerobic training, combined pomegranate juice with aerobic training. The aerobic training plan consisted of 2-months and three times per week (training time from 20 minutes to 45 minutes). Three days before and after this interventional study, serum levels of FBG, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured by colorimetric methods. Results: Results showed that combined pomegranate extract consumption with aerobic exercise training significantly decreased the levels of FBG, HbA1c, and TG in women with type 2 diabetes compared to the control group after the intervention (P<0.01), while TC, LDL-c, and BMI remained unchanged. There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of TC, TG, HbA1c, and FBG in pomegranate extract or aerobic training groups compared to the control group after intervention. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that combined pomegranate juice with aerobic training has beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes and could be recommended in their therapeutic program. *Corresponding Author: Fariba Mohammadi Tahroodi; Email: [email protected] Please cite this article as: Vaziri Javid R, Safizadeh F, Rastegary M, Nabi Afjadi M, Khonakdar-Tarsi A, Zare Z, Zarpou S, Mohammadi Tahroodi F. Effects of Pomegranate Juice with and without Aerobic Training on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2020;6.1-6 (e17). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v6.3038

Nutrition Counseling Position in Reducing the Duration of Admission for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Cataract Surgery

Background and Aim: Cataract is one of the most common ocular diseases caused by various causes including congenital, resulting from trauma, drug or radiation, diabetes, or aging. Diabetes type 2, as a common metabolic disorder, is one of the main reasons for cataracts. we aimed to study nutritional counseling's status on the correction of glucose and urea and creatinine patterns and blood pressure of patients undergoing cataract surgery and reducing the pre-operative hospitalization time. Methods: In this study, 60 women with type 2 diabetes and 39 male participants aged 25 to 65 (aged 25 to 65) were randomly assigned into two groups (control without diet and nutritional counseling). The target group (presentation of diabetic diet and nutrition counseling) went under investigation two weeks before cataract surgery. Blood sampling proceeded from the arm vein in a sitting way one day before and after the diet (12 hours of fasting). Results: Fasting blood glucose, body weight, waist circumference, urea, creatinine, blood pressure, and hospitalization period were significantly decreased after surgery (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that receiving nutrition counseling and diet before cataract surgery can improve fasting blood glucose, 2-hour blood glucose, body weight, urea, creatinine, blood pressure, and thus hospitalization and recovery be reduced after surgery. *Corresponding Author: Fariba Mohammadi Tahroodi; Email: [email protected] Please cite this article as: Vaziri Javid R, Safizadeh F, Lotfi F, Pouriamehr S, Khonakdar-Tarsi A, Akbari Javar A, Zarpou S, Mohammadi Tahroodi F. Nutrition Counseling Position in Reducing the Duration of Admission for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Cataract Surgery. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2019;5(4): 37-43. https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v5i4.3008

Reference Interval for Fasting Blood Sugar, Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein, and High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Healthy Babolian Individuals

Background and Aim: Sugar and Lipid disorders are the main risk factors for vascular abnormalities. Due to the gender and age, other variables can influence serum Fasting blood sugar and lipid levels, certifying the determination of population-specific reference interval. This study was designed to investigate the age- and gender-specific reference values for serum Fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) in healthy Babolian adults. Methods: FBS, TC, TG, and HDL were calculating applying the colorimetric method. The Friedewald equation (LDL=TC−HDL−TG/5) was used to calculate LDL concentrations in individuals. After using the exclusion parameters, 519 participants (199 men and 320 women) aged ≥23 years were included. The Clinical Chemistry guidelines of the International Federation applied for characterizing the reference values for samples. Results: Reference values for serum FBS, TG, TC, LDL, HDL were 77.01-107.69 mg/dL, 35.34-204.38 mg/dL, 117.97-242.81 mg/dL, 47.6-137.16 mg/dL and 33.29-67.13 mg/dL in men. In women, reference values for serum FBS, TG, TC, LDL, HDL were 75.03-107.99, 27.49-192.33 mg/dL, 125.84-244.32 mg/dL, 44.08-139.48 mg/dL and 36.66-81.1 mg/dL. FBS, TG, and LDL parameters were higher in men, and TC and HDL parameters were higher in women. Conclusion: Reference values for serum FBS, TC, TG, LDL, HDL in healthy Babolian adults were specified, and these data could supply a clear pathway for better decision making in both clinical settings and prevention. *Corresponding Author: Negar Yavari; Email: [email protected] Please cite this article as: Gholami Bahnemiri M, Amiri M, Khanicheragh M, Safizadeh F, Mohammadi Tahroodi F, Akbari Javar A, Aram H, Mir SM, Yavari N. Reference Interval for Fasting Blood Sugar, Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, Low-density Lipoprotein, and High-density Lipoprotein-cholesterol in Healthy Babolian Individuals. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2019;5(4):14-20. https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v5i4.2992

The investigation of the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome with metabolic changes in women

Background: For exploring the relationship between metabolic changes and thyroid function in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, metabolic, endocrine, and thyroid parameters were assessed. Materials and Methods: alterations in endocrine, metabolic, and clinical characteristics in PCOS patients compared with healthy women were studied within a prospective investigation. Also thyroid parameters were considered. Results: 300 women with normal ovulatory as controls and PCOS patients were included and matched by age. There were significant increases in triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHL), and total dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in PCOS patients. Also, overall levels of Fast Blood Sugar (FBS), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Testosterone (T), Prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were higher in compared with the normal women, but these higher amounts were not significant. There was an insignificant decrease in Luteinizing hormone(LH), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and Free T4 in PCOS patients compared with the controls. Conclusions: Our manuscript suggests the negative metabolic alterations in PCOS patients.The small increases of TG, CHL, and DHT levels may depend on these alterations in metabolic parameters in PCOS patients. Further investigations may clear a vague understanding of the relationship between metabolic parameters alteration and thyroid function