RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPHASIZING SOCIALIST AND OIL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES

This paper aims to analyze the effect of human capital on economic growth. Linear regression models with ordinary least squares method have been used for the analysis in which the dependent variable of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita growth is decided according to real price and independent variables for human capital are enrollment rate in different education levels and also literacy rate. For control variables, socialist countries and petroleum exporting countries are fed into the regression as dummy variables. The cross-country data of this research are provided and calculated in a sectional manner according to the information and statistics of the World Bank. The results of this research are demonstrative of the positive and statistically meaningful influence of the variables of enrollment rate in secondary schools and literacy level on GDP growth. Countries with socialist backgrounds and petroleum exporting countries also have a positive and meaningful effect on GDP per capita growth

Compare the effect of vaginal cream hydroalcoholic extracts of oregano (Mentha longifolia L.), mint (Mentha piperata L.) and savory (Satureja hortensis L.) with metronidazole vaginal gel in the treatment of Bacterial vaginosis

Abstract: Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. And a common complication of the vagina in women of childbearing age and cause premature rupture of membranes labor pain, premature birth and infant and often accompanied by secretions thin, smooth, gray and with a bad smell fish, that vaginal mucosa to form of uniform layer cover , the finds manifestation. Side effects and drug resistance of chemical drugs, cause research on herbal drugs continue without complications. According to the therapeutic effects of plants such as oregano, mint and fennel on bacterial organisms We hope this study can be identified by the use of herbal drug combination. Methods and Results: This study is a randomized clinical trial on 80 married women 18-44 years old with Bacterial vaginosis with itching, complaining of vaginal discharge, burning sensation, dyspareunia and dysuria during the 6-month visit to the health center No. 5 meshkinshar had been completed. These individuals were divided randomly into two groups of 40 patients treated with vaginal cream mixed tertiary extract and, metronidazole vaginal gel 0.75 percent. The research was conducted in various stages of clinical practice. Complaints of patients before and after treatment in both treatment groups showed a significant difference. but between the two treatment groups in terms of vaginal cream teas and metronidazole gel complaints did not see a significant difference after treatment. amsel criteria before treatment and after treatment in both groups treated with medications, there was a significant difference. Amsel criteria after treatment between the two groups in herbal vaginal cream and metronidazole vaginal gel, a significant difference was observed. Conclusions: Findings indicate that herbal vaginal cream 5%, and metronidazole vaginal gel in reducing complaints have been similar to patients with bacterial vaginosis. And, to improve Amsel criteria have the same effect. So vaginal cream 5% of tertiary mixture of extracts can be considered a viable alternative for metronidazole vaginal gel in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. &nbsp

Review of coreference resolution in English and Persian

Coreference resolution (CR) is one of the most challenging areas of natural language processing. This task seeks to identify all textual references to the same real-world entity. Research in this field is divided into coreference resolution and anaphora resolution. Due to its application in textual comprehension and its utility in other tasks such as information extraction systems, document summarization, and machine translation, this field has attracted considerable interest. Consequently, it has a significant effect on the quality of these systems. This article reviews the existing corpora and evaluation metrics in this field. Then, an overview of the coreference algorithms, from rule-based methods to the latest deep learning techniques, is provided. Finally, coreference resolution and pronoun resolution systems in Persian are investigated.Comment: 44 pages, 11 figures, 5 table

Differential Growth Responses of Wheat Seedlings to Elevated CO2

Intraspecific variations in wheat growth responses to elevated CO2 was evaluated using 20 Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The plants were grown in the modified Hoagland nutrient solution at a greenhouse until 35 days of age using two levels of CO2 (~380 and 700 µmol mol–1). The shoot and root dry weights of the wheat cultivars exhibited average enhancements of 17% and 36%, respectively, under elevated CO2. This increase was associated with higher levels of chlorophyll a (25%), chlorophyll b (21%), carotenoid (30%), leaf area (54%) and plant height (49.9%). The leaf area (r = 0.69**), shoot N content (r = 0.62**), plant height (r = 0.60**) and root volume (r = 0.53*) were found to have important roles in dry matter accumulation of tested wheat cultivars under elevated CO2 concentration. However, responses to elevated CO2 were considerably cultivar-dependent. Based on the stress susceptibility index (SSI) and stress tolerance index (STI), the wheat cultivars exhibiting the best response to elevated CO2 content were ‘Sistan’, ‘Navid’, ‘Shiraz’, ‘Sepahan’ and ‘Bahar’, while the ones with poor responses were ‘Omid’, ‘Marun’, ‘Sorkhtokhm’ and ‘Tajan’. The findings from the present experiment showed significant variation among the Iranian wheat cultivars in terms of their responses to elevated air CO2, providing the opportunity to select the most efficient ones for breeding purposes

Presenting a comparative model of stock investment portfolio optimization based on Markowitz model

Investment is the selection of assets to hold and earn more pro t for greater prosperity in the future. The selection of a portfolio based on the theory of constraint is classical data covering analysis evaluation and ranking Sample function. The in vestment process is related to how investors act in deciding on the types of tradable securities to invest in and the amount and timing. Various methods have been proposed for the investment process, but the lack of rapid computational methods for determining investment policies in securities analysis makes performance appraisal a long term challenge. An approach to the investment process consists of two parts. Major is securities analysis and portfolio management. Securities analysis involvesestimating the bene ts of each investment, while portfolio management involves analyzing the composition of investments and managing and maintaining a set of investments. Classical data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are recognized as accurate for rating and measuring efficient sample performance. Unluckily, this perspective often brings us to get overwhelmed when it's time to start a project. When it comes to limiting theory, the problem of efficient sample selection using a DEA models to test the performance of the PE portfolio is a real discontinuous boundary and concave has not been successful since 2011. In order to solve this problem, we recommend a DEA method divided into business units based on the Markowitz model. A search algorithm is used to introduce to business units and prove their validity. In any business unit, the boundary is continuous and concave. Therefore, DEA models could be applied as PE evaluation. To this end, 25 companies from the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 1394 to 1399 were selected as the sample size of statistics in data analysis. To analyzethe data, after classi cation and calculations were analysed by MATLAB software, the simulation results show that performance evaluation based on constraint theory based on DEA approach and the Markowitz model presented in this paper is efficient and feasible in evaluating the portfolio of constraint theory

Characterization of Cellulose Synthesis in Plant Cells

Cellulose is the most significant structural component of plant cell wall. Cellulose, polysaccharide containing repeated unbranched β (1-4) D-glucose units, is synthesized at the plasma membrane by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) from bacteria to plants. The CSC is involved in biosynthesis of cellulose microfibrils containing 18 cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins. Macrofibrils can be formed with side by side arrangement of microfibrils. In addition, beside CesA, various proteins like the KORRIGAN, sucrose synthase, cytoskeletal components, and COBRA-like proteins have been involved in cellulose biosynthesis. Understanding the mechanisms of cellulose biosynthesis is of great importance not only for improving wood production in economically important forest trees to mankind but also for plant development. This review article covers the current knowledge about the cellulose biosynthesis-related gene family

The effect of induced polyploidy on phytochemistry, cellular organelles and the expression of genes involved in thymol and carvacrol biosynthetic pathway in thyme (Thymus vulgaris)

Induced polyploidy usually results in larger vegetative and reproductive plant organs. In order to study the effect of chromosome doubling on Thymus vulgaris, three levels of colchicine concentration including 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% (w/v) were applied for 6, 12 and 24 hours on apical meristem of 2- and 4-leaf seedlings. Ploidy level was evaluated by flow cytometry and microscopic chromosome counting. Chemical composition of essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation was analyzed by gas Chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas Chromatography (GC). The application of 0.3% colchicine at 4-leaf seedling for 6 hours resulted in the highest survival rate and the highest number of tetraploid plants. Cytogenetic and flow cytometry analyses confirmed the increase of chromosome number from 2n=2x=30 in diploids to 2n=4x=60 in induced tetraploids. Tetraploid plants had larger leaves, taller and thicker stems, dense branching, longer trichome, larger stomata, larger guard cells, and decreased number of stomata. The number of chloroplasts and mitochondria increased significantly in tetraploid plants by 1.66 and 1.63 times, respectively. The expression of CYP71D178, CYP71D180 and CYP71D181 increased in tetraploids by 3.27, 7.39 and 2.15 times, respectively, probably resulting in higher essential oil compounds, as tetraploids outyielded the diploid plants by 64.7% in essential oil, 40.9% in thymol and 18.6% in carvacrol content

Synthesis and cellular characterization of various nano-assemblies of cell penetrating peptide-epirubicin-polyglutamate conjugates for the enhancement of antitumor activity

A new class of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) named peptide amphiphile was designed to improve the intracellular uptake and antitumor activity of epirubicin (EPR). Various amphiphilic CPPs were synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis method and were chemically conjugated to EPR. Their corresponding nanoparticles (CPPs-E4 and CPPs-E8) were prepared via non-covalent binding of the peptides and polyanions. Cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity were evaluated by MTT assay. Cellular uptake was examined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The CPPs exhibited slight cytotoxicity. Binding of polyglutamate to CPPs (CPPs-E4 and CPPs-E8 nanoparticles) decreased their cytotoxicity. CPPs-E8 nanoparticles showed lower cytotoxicity than CPPs-E4 nanoparticles. Cellular uptake of K3W4K3-E8, K2W4K2-E8 and W3K4W3-E8 reached 100% with no difference between each of the mentioned CPPs and its nanoparticle at 50 µM. The anti-proliferative activity of EPR was enhanced following conjugation to peptides and nanoparticles at 25 µM. CPPs-EPR-E4 and –E8 nanoparticles displayed higher anti-proliferative activity than CPPs-EPR at 25 µM. CPPs–E8-EPR nanoparticles showed higher anti-proliferative activity than CPPs–E4-EPR. K3W4K3-E8-EPR nanoparticles exhibited the highest anti-proliferative activity at 25 µM. The synthesized peptide nanoparticles are proposed as suitable carriers for improving the intracellular delivery of EPR into tumor cells with low cytotoxicity and high antitumor activity

Mutation Analysis of ECM1 Gene in Two Related Iranian Patients Affected by Lipoid Proteinosis

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by malfunction mutations in extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1) with common features such as hoarseness of the voice, infiltration of the skin and mucosa, and varying degrees of skin scars. We studied two LP patients. Clinical and genetic examination and genetic counseling were carried out, and their family pedigree was drawn. Two different variants were found in exon 6 of ECM1 gene in both patients: a homozygous deletion of a nucleotide T at position 507 and a missense variant at nucleotide 389 which the first was a pathogenic mutation and the other one was a non-pathogenic variant

Cellular uptake and anti-tumor activity of gemcitabine conjugated with new amphiphilic cell penetrating peptides

Gemcitabine (Gem) is used as a single agent or in combination with other anticancer agents to treat many types of solid tumors. However, it has many limitations such as a short plasma half-life, dose-limiting toxicities and drug resistance. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides which may deliver a large variety of cargo mole- cules into the cancerous cells. The current study was designed to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of gemcita- bine chemically conjugated to CPPs. The peptides were synthesized using solid phase synthesis procedure. The uptake efficiency of CPPs into cells was examined by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. The synthesized peptides were chemically conjugated to Gem and the in vitro cytotoxicity of conjugates was tested by MTT assay on A594 cell line. According to the obtained results, cellular uptake was increased with increasing the concentra- tion of CPPs. On the other hand the coupling of Gem with peptides containing block sequence of arginine (R5W3R4) and some alternating sequences (i.e. [RW]6 and [RW]3) exhibited improved antitumor activity of the drug. The findings in this study support the advantages of using cell-penetrating peptides for improving intracellular delivery of Gem into tumor as well as its activity