Mapping of the eibi1 gene responsible for the drought hypersensitive cuticle in wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum)

Segregation analysis showed that eibi1, a drought hypersensitive Cuticle wild barley mutant, was monogenic and recessive, and mapped in two F, Populations, one made from a cross between the mutant and a Cultivated barley (cv. Morex), and the other between the mutant and another wild barley. A microsatellite marker screen showed that the gene was located oil barley chromosome 3H, and a set of markers already assigned to this chromosome, including both microsatellites and ESTs, was used to construct a genetic map. eibi1 co-segregated with barley EST AV918546, and was located to bin 6. The synteny between barley and rice ill this region is incomplete, with a large discrepancy in map distances, and the presence Of Multiple inversions

Detection of photoperiod responsive and non-responsive flowering time QTL in barley

A QTL analysis was performed to determine the inheritance of flowering time in barley, using a set of recombinant inbred lines developed from a winter-type × spring-type cross. Two photoperiod responsive loci, Ppd-H1 and Ppd-H2, were detected on chromosome arms 2HS and 1HL respectively. Segregation for eam8 (mapping to the terminus of chromosome arm 1HL) and Eam5 (close to Sgh2 on chromosome arm 5HL) was also observed. These latter two genes functioned under 12 h to 24 h photoperiods. In addition, eps2S and eps7S, known to lie on chromosome arms 2HS and 7HS respectively, were detected. A new QTL for flowering time, qDHE.ak-1HS, was mapped 23 cM from the terminus of chromosome 1HS, and appears to be expressed under extremely short day lengths

Quantitative Trait Loci and Maternal Effects Affecting the Strong Grain Dormancy of Wild Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum)

Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) has strong grain dormancy, a trait that may enhance its survival in non-cultivated environments; by contrast, cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) has weaker dormancy, allowing uniform germination in cultivation. Malting barley cultivars have been bred for especially weak dormancy to optimize their use in malt production. Here, we analyzed the genetic mechanism of this difference in seed dormancy, using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the wild barley accession ‘H602’ and the malting barley cultivar ‘Kanto Nakate Gold (KNG)’. Grains of H602 and KNG harvested at physiological maturity and dried at 30°C for 7 days had germination of approximately 0 and 100%, respectively. Analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting grain dormancy identified the well-known major dormancy QTL SD1 and SD2 (located near the centromeric region and at the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 5H, respectively), and QTL at the end of the long arm of chromosome 4H and in the middle of the long arm of chromosome 5H. We designated these four QTL Qsd1-OK, Qsd2-OK, Qsdw-4H, and Qsdw-5H, and they explained approximately 6, 38, 3, and 13% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. RILs carrying H602 alleles showed increased dormancy levels for all QTL. The QTL acted additively and did not show epistasis or QTL–environment interactions. Comparison of QTL locations indicated that all QTL except Qsdw-5H are likely the same as the QTL previously detected in the doubled haploid population from a cross between the malting cultivar ‘Haruna Nijo’ and ‘H602.’ We further examined Qsd2-OK and Qsdw-5H by analyzing the segregation of phenotypes and genotypes of F2 progenies derived from crosses between RILs carrying specific segments of chromosome 5H from H602 in the KNG background. This analysis confirmed that the two genomic regions corresponding to these QTL are involved in the regulation of grain dormancy. Germination tests of F1 grains derived from reciprocal crosses between H602 and KNG revealed that the H602 strong dormancy phenotype shows maternal inheritance with incomplete dominance. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms regulating grain dormancy in barley

Evaluation the Deprivation of Education and Training Areas in Ardabil Province and Providing Strategies for Achieving Sustainable Educational Development

The purpose of the present study, which is descriptive-analytic, is to investigate and assess the level of development and explanation of the gap between the cities of Ardebil province in terms of educational indicators. Information about 53 indicators in the form of physical facilities educational and educational spaces, educational facilities for students, Students 'academic achievement, economic productivity indices, human resource indices by referring to the statistical and libraries' annual reports, institutional indicators, non-cognitive indices and process indicators were also collected through a questionnaire. Information about the province's education and training, population and housing censuses, statistical yearbooks, and computer data from Iran's Statistics Center have been gathered. SPSS software version 20 and Excel2016 have been used to perform computations. Using Vicon models and the entropy weighing method, the ranking of education and training areas of the province has been carried out. Then, through statistical models such as regression analysis and analysis of variance, ANP network analysis process has been used to analyze the factors affecting the development of education areas in Ardabil province. Finally, the most influential indicators were identified. Based on the findings, Ardebil city ranked first in the first rank and in the city of Aslandoz

Towards the Development of Perennial Barley for Cold Temperate Climates—Evaluation of Wild Barley Relatives as Genetic Resources

Perennial cereal crops could limit the negative impacts of agriculture on the environment and climate change. In cold temperate climates, perennial plants must be adapted to seasonal changes and abiotic stresses, such as frost, to be able to regrow for several years. Wild crop relatives that are perennials and already adapted to cold temperate climates may provide genetic resources for breeding new perennial cereal grain crops. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the most important cereals in northern agricultural areas, and its related perennial species may be good candidates for the development of perennial cereals. We evaluated a diverse set of 17 wild perennial Hordeum species represented by 67 accessions in field conditions with a cold winter climate and long days during summer in Central Sweden (latitude 60° N). Six species (H. brevisubulatum, H. bulbosum, H. fuegianum, H. jubatum, H. lechleri and H. secalinum) showed regrowth and formation of spikes for four seasons. The most distant perennial relative of barley, H. stenostachys, showed weak regrowth. H. bulbosum, the closest perennial barley relative, had a large number of accessions with wide geographic origins that showed good regrowth. Together with its storage bulbs and its cross-compatibility with barley, this makes H. bulbosum an important genetic resource for the development of perennial Hordeum grains using either the domestication or the wide-hybridization strategy