Identifikasi Daging Babi Menggunakan Metode PCR-RFLP Gen Cytochrome B dan PCR Primer Spesifik Gen Amelogenin

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengaplikasikan metode deteksi daging babi dalam campuan daging dengan sapi, kambing dan ayam melalui PCR-RFLP dan PCR dengan primer spesifik untuk babi. Level kontaminasi daging babi dibuat sebesar 1, 3, 5 dan 10% dari total daging dalam campuran. Metode PCR-RFLP menggunakan sepasang primer yaitu gen cytochrome b dari mitokondria yang menghasilkan fragmen DNA sebesar 359 bp. Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya kontaminasi babi dalam adonan daging tersebut diaplikasikan enzim restriksi BseDI yang dapat memotong DNA dari gen cytochrome b babi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gen cytochrome b dari babi dapat terpotong menjadi dua fragmen yaitu sebesar 228 bp dan 131 bp. Untuk desain primer spesifik digunakan gen amelogenin yang mempunyai sekuen yang berbeda diantara ke empat spesies uji yaitu babi, sapi, ayam dan kambing. Primer spesifik didesain pada panjang fragmen sebesar 353 dan 312 bp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontaminasi daging babi sebesar 1% masih dapat terdeteksi dengan metode PCR-RFLP tetapi pengujian dengan primer spesifik yang ditujukan hanya untuk deteksi DNA babi masih menunjukkan reaksi silang dengan spesies hewan lain yaitu sapi, kambing dan ayam. Pengujian dengan PCR-RLP pada gen cytochrome b menghasilkan hasil yang lebih baik dan jelas untuk pengujian kontaminasi babi dibandingkan dengan PCR dengan primer spesifik. Metode PCR-RFLP merupakan metode yang potensial untuk analisis deteksi keberadaan unsur babi pada produk olahan pangan khususnya untuk deteksi status kehalalan

Blood pressure reduction in telmisartan-treated angiotensinogen G-217A polymorphism hypertensive patients: A pilot study

Context: The angiotensinogen (AGT) G-217A polymorphism has been proved as one factor contributing the susceptibility of hypertension, meanwhile, the effect of this polymorphism to the variability antihypertensive response remains unknown. Aims: To investigate whether the angiotensinogen (AGT) G-217A polymorphism affects the blood pressure response to telmisartan and valsartan in Indonesian hypertensive patients. Methods: The blood pressure was measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and plasma angiotensinogen (AGT) levels of telmisartan- and valsartan-treated AGT G-217A polymorphism hypertensive patients (n=46) were analyzed using ELISA at the baseline and 4 months after treatments. Molecular docking was used to predict the interaction between C/EBPα and AGT G-217A polymorphism. Results: Daytime and 24 hours blood pressure in telmisartan-treated -217 AA/AG patients were significantly lower compared to GG genotype patients. The plasma AGT level in those who had AA/AG genotype and received telmisartan 80 mg was also slightly decreased compared to GG genotype, even these differences were failed to reach statistically significant. The docking results showed that the basic region of C/EBPα transcription factor recognized the partially homologous of its consensus sequences within -217A oligonucleotide, but not in -217G oligonucleotide. Conclusions: The blood pressure reduction responses in telmisartan-treated angiotensinogen G-217A polymorphism hypertensive patients might correlate with PPARγ agonist effects of telmisartan via C/EBPα and AGT -217A interaction

Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome in young men presenting with palpitation: the pattern of delta waves in predicting location of accessory pathway

Palpitation is a common presenting symptom in the emergency department. Wolf-Parkinson White (WPW) syndrome is a cardiac conduction disorder that may present with palpitation and lead to sudden cardiac death. WPW could be detected by  electrocardiogram (ECG). In this case report, we present two young male patients with WPW syndrome admitted to our hospital with history of repeated and progressive palpitation. ECG of the first patient revealed supraventricular tachycardia which converted to sinus rhythm after propanolol treatment. ECG showed sinus rhythm with delta wave in lead II,III,aVF, V1 suggesting the presence of accessory pathway (AP) in left lateral wall. Electrophysiology study confirmed the presence of AP and radio frequency catheter ablation was successfully done resulted in disappearance of delta on outpatient clinic ECG. Patient has no symptom and he do not have to take medication. ECG of the second patient revealed supraventricular tachycardia with abberancy. After amiodarone infusion, ECG showed sinus rhythm with delta wave in lead I,II,aVL suggesting the presence of accessory pathway in anteroseptal wall. Electrophysiology study and catheter ablation did not perform for this patient because of financial problem, however amidarone has to be taken regularly to prevent the recurrence of supraventricular tachycardia. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:298-301)Keywords: ECG, palpitation, supraventricular tachycardia, Wolf- Parkinson White syndrome</p

Penjadwalan Probabilistik pada Proyek Jalur Lintas Selatan LOT. 6

Pada umumnya dalam proses perencanaan jadwal proyek dibuat secara manual sehingga hasil penjadwalan dapat terjadi perbedaan dengan desain awal. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh tidak dimasukkannya unsur ketidakpastian dalam perencanaan jadwal proyek. Metode yang umum digunakan merupakan Metode deterministik dimana hanya memuat 1 durasi proyek saja. Untuk itu diperlukan pendekatan penjadwalan probabilistik yang dapat mengakomodasi ketidakpastian tersebut. Namun hal ini tidak memperhitungkan adanya penambahan durasi akibat kegiatan yang berbentuk paralel. Tujuan utama dari Tugas Akhir ini adalah melakukan penjadwalan probabilistik sebagai alternatif penjadwalan existing yang bersifat deterministik untuk menampung uncertainty pada proyek. Obyek yang ditinjau pada Tugas Akhir ini adalah Proyek Jalur Lintas Selatan LOT. 6 yang terletak di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Metode PERT, kondisi ekisting proyek didapatkan probabilitas durasi penyelesaian sebesar 95%. Simulasi Monte Carlo dilakukan sebanyak 2000 kali iterasi. Durasi berdasarkan hasil simulasi Monte Carlo yang dijalankan pada penjadwalan proyek pembangunan Jalur Lintas Selatan LOT. 6 untuk Persentil 95, yaitu 1136 hari

The Optimum Concentration of N-Methyl D-Aspartate to Induce Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Activation through the N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor Pathway: Creating a Neuron Model For the in-vitro Study of Pain

Background: In the in-vitro study on chronic pain, the N-methyl D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron became one of the most important mechanisms to activate the chronic pain pathways. NMDAR activation can be induced using an NMDAR agonist. No guidelines explain the NMDA optimum concentration to induce DRG neuron activation through the NMDAR pathway. This study aims to find the optimum concentration of NMDA to induce DRG neuron activation through the NMDAR pathway. Materials and Methods: We treat DRG neuron culture derived from the F11 cell line with 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µM NMDA. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK), an activated neuron biomarker, is measured using an immunocytochemistry assay as a neuron activation biomarker. We validate the NMDA optimum concentration by measuring intracellular Ca2+ level, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the activated neuron. Those parameters are the downstream process following NMDAR activation and are related to neuron activity. Statistical analysis was performed using the One-Way ANOVA test with α=5%. Results: We found that NMDA 80 µM significantly had the highest pERK intensity and showed the most optimum neuron activation. Validation tests show an increase in intracellular Ca2+ influx and Δψm. NMDA 80 µM also causes significant depletion in the cytosolic ATP concentration related to neuron activation. NMDA 80 µM induces neuron activation by increasing pERK, Ca2+ influx, Δψm, and cytosolic ATP depletion. Conclusion: NMDA 80 µM is the optimum concentration to induce DRG neuron activation through the NMDA receptor pathway