Current Status of Gil-Vernet Trigonoplasty Technique

Significant controversy exists regarding vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) management, due to lack of sufficient prospective studies. The rationale for surgical management is that VUR can cause recurrent episodes of pyelonephritis and long-term renal damage. Several surgical techniques have been introduced during the past decades. Open anti-reflux operations have high success rate, exceeding 95%, and long durability. The goal of this article is to review the Gil-Vernet trigonoplasty technique, which is a simple and highly successful technique but has not gained the attention it deserves. The mainstay of this technique is approximation of medial aspects of ureteral orifices to midline by one mattress suture. A unique advantage of Gil-Vernet trigonoplasty is its bilateral nature, which results in prevention from contralateral new reflux. Regarding not altering the normal course of the ureter in Gil-Vernet procedure, later catheterization of and retrograde access to the ureter can be performed normally. There is no report of ureterovesical junction obstruction following Gil-Vernet procedure. Gil-Vernet trigonoplasty can be performed without inserting a bladder catheter and drain on an outpatient setting. Several exclusive advantages of Gil-Vernet trigonoplasty make it necessary to reconsider the technique role in VUR management

Biokemijske značajke hidatidne tekućine cista Echinococcus granulosus podrijetlom iz čovjeka i životinja u Iranu.

A comparative study on the biochemical parameters in hydatid cyst fluids of sheep, goat, camel, cattle and human cystic forms of Echinococcus granulosus has been made in Iran. Quantitative variations in the levels of glucose, calcium and creatinine in the cystic fluids of camels were found with hydatid fluids of sheep, goat, cattle and humans. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Similarities in the biochemical composition in hydatid cyst fluids of sheep, goat, cattle and humans suggest the existence of sheep strains of E. granulosus and differences in the biochemical composition in hydatid cyst fluids of camel with other domestic animals and humans suggest the existence of camel strains of E. granulosus in Iran.Provedeno je komparativno istraživanje biokemijskih pokazatelja hidatidne tekućine iz cista Echinococcus granulosus u ovaca, koza, deva, goveda i čovjeka u Iranu. Dokazana su kvantitativna kolebanja u nalazima glukoze, kalcija i kreatinina u cističnoj tekućini kod deva u odnosu na ovce, koze, govedo i čovjeka. Razlike su bile statistički značajne (P<0,05). Sličnosti u biokemijskom sastavu hidatidne tekućine u ovaca, koza, goveda i čovjeka ukazuju na prisutnost cista E. granulosus podrijetlom iz ovce dok razlike u biokemijskom sastavu hidatidnih tekućina deve i ostalih domaćih životinja i čovjeka ukazuju na prisutnost cista E. granulosus podrijetlom iz deve

Proširenost i morfološke značajke cisti Cysticercus tenuicollis (cisticerci Taenia hydatigena) ovaca i koza u Iranu.

Prevalence and a comparative study on the larval rostellar hook morphology of Taenia hydatigena cysticerci from sheep and goats have been made in Iran. The 1336 sheep and 1674 goats slaughtered at the Kerman abattoir were investigated for infection with Cysticercus tenuicollis cyst. C. tenuicollis cysts were found in 172 sheep (12.87%) and 302 goats (18.04%) and this difference was significant (P<0.05). The predominant predilection site of cysticerci in sheep (84.85%) and goats (82.14%) was signifi cantly (P<0.05) the omentum. The morphological characters in small hooks (including length of hooks, length of handle and length of guard) were significantly different in cysticerci from sheep and goats (P<0.05). It is concluded that the cysticerci of sheep and goat origin probably represent two different strains and possibly follow the same pattern of speciation as reported in the related taeniid, Echinococcus granulosus.Istraživana je proširenost i morfologija larvalnih rostralnih kukica cisticerka Taenia hydatigena ovaca i koza u Iranu. Pregledano je 1336 ovaca i 1674 koze zaklane na klaonici u Kermanu na invaziju cistama Cysticercus tenuicollis. Ciste C. tenuicollis su nađene u 172 ovce (12,87%) i 302 koze (18,40%) a razlika je bila značajna (P<0,05). Omentum je bio najčešće predilekcijsko mjesto (P<0,05) i to kod ovaca 84,85%, a kod koza 82,14%. Morfološke značajke malih kukica (uključujući dužinu kukica, dužinu drška i dužinu šiljka) značajno su se razlikovale u ovaca i koza (P<0,05). Zaključak je da su cisticerci iz ovaca i koza vjerojatno dva različita soja, kako je opisano u srodne teniidne trakavice, Echinococcus granulosus

Childhood Physical Abnormalities following Paternal Exposure to Sulfur Mustard Gas in Iran: a Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND:Mustard gas, a known chemical weapon, was used during the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-1988. We aimed to determine if exposure to mustard gas among men was significantly associated with abnormalities and disorders among progenies.METHODS:Using a case-control design, we identified all progenies of Sardasht men (exposed group, n = 498), who were born at least nine months after the exposure, compared to age-matched controls in Rabat, a nearby city (non-exposed group, n = 689). We conducted a thorough medical history, physical examination, and appropriate paraclinical studies to detect any physical abnormality and/or disorder. Given the presence of correlated data, we applied Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) multivariable models to determine associations.RESULTS:The overall frequency of detected physical abnormalities and disorders was significantly higher in the exposed group (19% vs. 11%, Odds Ratio [OR] 1.93, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.37-2.72, P = 0.0002). This was consistent across sexes. Congenital anomalies (OR 3.54, 95% CI, 1.58-7.93, P = 0.002) and asthma (OR, 3.12, 95% CI, 1.43-6.80, P = 0.004) were most commonly associated with exposure. No single abnormality was associated with paternal exposure to mustard gas.CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrates a generational effect of exposure to mustard gas. The lasting effects of mustard gas exposure in parents effects fertility and may impact child health and development in the long-term

A comparison of artificial intelligence algorithms in diagnosing and predicting gastric cancer: a review study

Today, artificial intelligence is considered a powerful tool that can help physicians identify and diagnose and predict diseases. Gastric cancer has been the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Thus, timely diagnosis of this type of cancer could effectively control it. This paper compares AI (artificial intelligence) algorithms in diagnosing and predicting gastric cancer based on types of AI algorithms, sample size, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.&nbsp; This narrative-review paper aims to explore AI algorithms in diagnosing and predicting gastric cancer. To achieve this goal, we reviewed English articles published between 2011 and 2021 in PubMed and Science direct databases. According to the reviews conducted on the published papers, the endoscopic method has been the most used method to collect and incorporate samples into designed models. Also, the SVM (support vector machine), convolutional neural network (CNN), and deep-type CNN have been used the most; therefore, we propose the usage of these algorithms in medical subjects, especially in gastric cancer

A comparative study of preliminary dosimetry for human based on distribution data in rats with 111In, 90Y, 153Sm, and 177Lu labeled rituximab

Radio immunotherapy is one of the most important and effective therapies for B-cell non Hoddgkin’s lymphoma treatment. Today, anti CD-20 antibodies labeled with beta emitter radionuclides are used in radio immunotherapy. Various radionuclides for labeling anti CD-20 antibodies have been studied and developed for the treatment and diagnosis of malignancies. This paper describes the preparation, bio-distribution and absorbed dose rate of 111In, 90Y, 177Lu, and 153Sm labeled anti CD-20 antibodies (rituximab) in human organs, after injection to rats. The macro cyclic bifunctional chelating agent, N-succinimidyl-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA-NHS) for conjugation to antibody, was used to prepare DOTA-rituximab. The conjugates were purified by molecular filtration, the average number of DOTA conjugated per mAb was calculated and total concentration was determined by spectrophotometric method. Radio-labeling was performed at 40 °C for 24 hours. After the quality control studies, the final radioactive solution was injected intravenously into rats through their tail vein. The tissue uptakes of each injection were measured. Then we calculated S values for 177Lu and 153Sm by using specific absorbed fractions and data used in the manner of radio-labeled analysis and dosimetry for humans. The absorbed dose rate of each organ was calculated in the specific time by medical internal radiation dose method with linear approximation in the activity measurements

Castleman Disease Presenting as Renal Hilar Mass

Background: We report a case of unicentric Castleman disease, a rare type of benign proliferation of lymphoid tissue. We present an uncommon disease that was managed effectively using laparoscopy. Case Presentation: A 32-year-old woman presented with left-sided flank pain. A large retroperitoneal mass was detected in the left renal hilum close to the renal vessels. Laparoscopic removal of the mass was effectively performed. The pathologic examination was in favor of a rare type of benign proliferation of lymphoid tissue compatible with Castleman disease. The patient was cured with no evidence of recurrence in 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: Transperitoneal laparoscopic approach is feasible and effective in the management of this disease and is curative

Sleep Pattern, Duration and Quality in Relation with Glycemic Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sleep disturbances have been shown to be associated with diabetes control, but the relation between planned wakings or napping with glycemic indices has not been evaluated yet. This study evaluated the relation between sleep quality, duration, and pattern, including daytime napping of people with diabetes and their glycemic control. A cross-sectional correlation research design was used for this study. We enrolled 118 people with type 2 diabetes receiving oral agents without major complications at the Shahid Bahonar Center, Kerman. The age, weight, height, serum HbA1c, as well as other glycemic indices and lipid profile were measured. BMI was also calculated. All participants were requested to fill in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to evaluate their sleep quality. In addition, they were inquired about their sleep schedule during day and night. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the correlation between HbA1c and sleep pattern variables. The variables were also compared between participants with or without napping using t-test. All analyses were performed with the SPSS version 19 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). The mean age was 58±11 years and mean HbA1c (%) was 7.8±11 (62±13 mmol/mol). Sleep duration and the number of sleep segments significantly predicted HbA1c (F (2,114)=5.232, P=0.007, R2=0.084). A one-hour increment in sleep duration was associated with a 0.174% (1.4 mmol/mol) decrement in HbA1c. PSQI score did not contribute to the regression model. Moreover, participants who napped (66%) had a lower HbA1c (7.6±1) compared to others (8.1±1.3) (P=0.04). We concluded that napping and segmented sleep are associated with a better glycemic control in type 2 diabetes and there is a linear correlation between sleep duration and better glycemic control

A sub-threshold differential cmos schmitt trigger with adjustable hysteresis based on body bias technique

This paper presents a sub-threshold differential CMOS Schmitt trigger with tunable hysteresis, which can be used to enhance the noise immunity of low-power electronic systems. By exploiting the body bias technique to the positive feedback transistors, the hysteresis of the proposed Schmitt trigger is generated, and it can be adjusted by the applied bias voltage to the bulk terminal of the utilized PMOS transistors. The principle of operation and the main formulas of the proposed circuit are discussed. The circuit is designed in a 0.18-μm standard CMOS process with a 0.6 V power supply. Post-layout simulation results show that the hysteresis width of the Schmitt trigger can be adjusted from 45.5 mV to 162 mV where the ratio of the hysteresis width variation to supply voltage is 19.4%. This circuit consumes 10.52 × 7.91 μm2 of silicon area, and its power consumption is only 1.38 μW, which makes it a suitable candidate for low-power applications such as portable electronic, biomedical, and bio-implantable systems

Assessment of Toxoplasma Seropositivity in Children Suffering from Anxiety Disorders.

peer reviewed[en] OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in children with anxiety disorders. MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between Sep 2012 and May 2013 in Pediatrics Clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Children were assessed clinically. Diagnosis of patients with anxiety disorders was based on DSM-4 system, performed by child psychiatrist. Then their anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were measured. A questionnaire was verbally administered to all individuals' parents including demographic information and questions about life style, family history, medical history, economic situation, residence, nutritional patterns and contact with animals. RESULTS: Ninety-six male and female cases with a mean age of 8.56±2.5 and 8.42±1.9 yr underwent analysis. Anti- T. gondii IgG antibody was found in one case of each group. There was no significant difference between case and control groups for serum Toxoplasma IgG antibody (P=0.14). No case individuals had Anti- T. gondii IgM antibody, while it was found in one control individual. No significant difference was seen between case and control groups for Toxoplasma IgM antibody (P=0.27). CONCLUSION: Toxoplasmosis has no direct effect on the incidence of anxiety disorders. More studies are needed with a larger volume of individuals in future