Echinococcus granulosus: In vitro effectiveness of warm water on protoscolices

Hydatid disease is one of the most important helminthic diseases worldwide. Hydatid cysts may be found anywhere in the body. The most effective treatment of hydatid cyst is surgical operation. Spillage of live protoscolices during the operation is the major cause of recurrence. Instillation of scolicidal agent into hydatid cyst is the most commonly employed measure to prevent this complication. To date, many scolicidal agents have been used for inactivation of the hydatid cyst content, however, most common scolicidal agents may cause unacceptable side-effects, limiting their use. In this study the scolicidal effect of warm water (45, 50, 55, and 60 C) at different exposure times (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 min) is investigated. Protoscolices were collected aseptically from sheep livers containing hydatid cyst. Viability of protoscolices was determined by 0.1% eosin staining. Even though the highest scolicidal activity of warm water at 45 C was 40.4% at the end of 15 min, the best scolicidal effect (100%) of warm water at 50, 55, and 60 C was obtained after 5, 2, and 1 min, respectively. The results of this in vitro study showed that warm water at 50–60 C can be regarded as an effective scolicidal agent. Warm water is commonly available, easily prepared, and inexpensive. In vivo scolicidal activity of warm water and also the possible side effects need further investigation.

In vitro lethal effect of Zingiber officinale R. on protoscolices of hydatid cyst from sheep liver

Cystic echinococcosis (Hydatid disease) is a zoonotic disease caused by <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em>. The aim of this study, was to evaluate the scolicidal activity of methanolic extract of <em>Zingiber officinale</em> (Rosc.) family Zingibe - raceae, against protoscolices of hydatid cyst. Protoscolices were collected aseptically from sheep livers containing hydatid cyst and were exposed to different concentrations of ginger extract for various exposure times. Scolicidal activity of <em>Z. officinale</em> extract at concentration of 25 mg/mL was 25.6%, 39.1%, 56.7%, 83.7%, 98.1% and 100% after 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min of exposure respectively. Scolicidal effect of this extract at concentration of 50 mg/mL was 52%, 85.8 %, 99.6% and 100% after 10, 20, 30 and 40 min of exposure respectively. <em>Z. officinale</em> extract at concentration of 100 mg/mL killed 76.5 %, 87% and 100 % of protoscolices after 10, 20 and 30 min respectivly. The results of this study showed that the methanolic extract of <em>Z. officinale</em> has high scolicidal activity and might be used as a natural scolicidal agent

Bile bacteria of patients with cholelithiasis and theirs antibiogram

To prevent post cholecystectomy infection, the most common microorganisms causing it and their antibacterial susceptibility pattern should be determined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the exact incidence and nature of the microbial flora in the bile of the patients with cholelithiasis and chronic cholecystitis as well as their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. In this study, a total of 132 samples from the patients were tested for bacterial strains using the appropriate methods for testing them. The isolated bacteria were subsequently subjected to antibacterial susceptibility test using Kirby-Bauer method. The data were analyzed using Frequency, Chi-square and t-test. Fifty of 132 (37.87) studied patients were positive for bacteria. The most common isolated organisms were Escherichia coli (13; 26), Enterobacteriaceae (9; 18), and Salmonella typhi (7; 14). The most effective antibiotics were sequentially Amikacin, Ceftriaxone, and Clindamycin. Isolating bacteria and determining their sensitivity to different antibiotics may be help physicians take prophylactic measures against postoperative infection of cholelithiasis and chronic cholecystitis. © 2013 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Comparison Efficacy of Topical Piroxicam Gel and Lidocaine with Intravenous Pethidine in Reducing Pain during ESWL

Introduction & Objective: ESWL is a non-invasive method of breaking stones, using acoustic shock waves. Shock waves cause temporary deep visceral pain and discomfort in entry; therefore, administration of sedatives is necessary. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of topical lidocaine and piroxicam gel with intravenous pethidine in reducing pain during ESWL. Materials & Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 159 patients who referred to Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Shahrkord for ESWL in 2009. Patients were randomly divided into three-groups. For the first group, intravenous pethidine (0.5 mg/kg alone) was administered. The second group received topical piroxicam, and the third group received topical lidocaine in the area of flank for half an hour before ESWL. During the operation, those patients who had unbearable pain, received another 0.5 mg/kg of pethidine. Data was collected using MC Gill questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS software, using parametric, nonparametric methods and Dunn's Multiple Comparisons tests. Results: The mean of pain scores in the first group (pethidine) was 6.2 ± 6.9 while these scores were 3.2 ± 2 .7 and 3.9 ± 3.1 for the second (piroxicam gel) and third group (lidocaine gel) respectively. The differences in the mean score of pain was significant in the pethidine group compared to the other groups (P <0.05). The average pethidin consumption were 24 ± 16 mg for the first group (pethidine), 10 ± 13 mg for the second group (piroxicam gel), and 5 ± 9 mg for the third group (lidocaine gel). The mean difference was significant in pethidine treated group in comparison with other two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of topical piroxicam or lidocaine reduces pain in patients after ESWL It also reduces the need for sedative drugs

Effect of vasectomy on sexual function in men

زمينه و هدف: مردان ممكن است عملكرد جنسي متفاوتي بعد از وازكتومي داشته باشند. مطالعـه حاضـر بـا هدف بررسي تاثير وازكتومي در عملكرد جنسي مردان انجام شده است. روش بررسي: در اين مطالعه باليني تعداد 100 نفر از مجموع 120 نفري كه از مهر ماه سال 85 لغايـت مهـر ماه سال 87 به طور داوطلبانه جهت عمل وازكتومي به بيمارستان آيت اله كاشاني شـهركرد مراجعـه نمودنـد و مايل به همكاري در اين مطالعه بودند انتخاب شدند . توانايي جنسي افراد تحت مطالعه، قبل و سـه مـاه بعـد از انجام وازكتومي بر اساس پرسشنامه ارزيابي عملكرد جنـسي IIEF ) Function Erectile of Index International( ارزيابي و داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آماري ويل كاكسون مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. يافته ها: ميانگين سني افراد /5 10/ ±5 31 ،ميانگين امتياز كلي IIEF قبل از عمل جراحي 12/58 و پس از عمـل جراحي 59/63 ) بود 001 0 /P (. <در 43 %از بيماران امتياز بالا، 41 %امتيـاز پـايين و 16 % افـراد نيـز تغيـري در امتيازها قبل و بعد از عمل وازكتومي نداشتند . 5 از حيطه عملكرد جنسي در حيطه هاي رضـايت بخـش بـودن عملكرد جنسي، عملكرد نعوظي و رسيدن به اوج لذت جنسي از نظر آماري پس از عمل جراحي بهبودي معني داري وجود داشت (03 0 /P(. = نتيجه گيري: اين مطالعه نشان داد كه انجام وازكتومي علاوه بر اينكه تاثير منفي بر عملكرد جنسي ندارد، بلكه در حيطه هاي رضايت بخش بودن عملكرد جنسي، عملكرد نعوظي و رسيدن به اوج لـذت جنـسي (ارگاسـم) باعث بهبودي مي گردد

The Influence of Incorrect Customs of Lifestyle in Hepatitis B Infection Transmission.

Hepatitis B (HB) disease occurs with high risk behaviors in the different communities. Aim of this study was to find out some of local customs in lifestyle that might be risk factors for transmitting this disease in order to design the educational programs and control it periodically in Chaharmahal VA Bakhtiari, Iran. This was a case-control study, carried out on patients with HB and the control group in Buldaji's district since October 2008 to March 2011. An expert person interviewed both these groups with a valid and reliable questionnaire. The data were gathered and analyzed by descriptive statistics; Chi-square and logistic regression.A total of 85 patients with HB were enrolled in the study. Four of wrong customs were considered as predicting risk factors for transmission of hepatitis B infection in two groups; history of making shallow incisions on the auricle or leg for healing a disease or exchanging their blood in childhood [P=0.000, OR=6.130, 95%CL: 2.648-14.192], tattooing [P=0.033, OR=1.391, 95%CL: 1.028-1.882], be born at home by an untrained midwife [P=0.005, OR=3.217, 95%CL: 1.425-7.263], receiving dental services by experimental dentists [P=0.034,OR=0.218, 95%CL: 0.053-0.893]. For development of health education materials' in our region, we focus not only on proper prevention of general risk factors of HBV transmission but also necessarily draw upon local social and cultural contexts which may spread this disease .We encourage the people to improve these customs or don't do it to control transmission of HB

The Survey Effectiveness of Active Method in Communicable Disease Surveillance

Background and purpose: Surveillance is a system of continuing health checks, is considered as a critical part of public health practice for planning and implantation of effective prevention and control interventions for communicable diseases in the region. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an active method of data collection on the improvement of these diseases surveillance. Materials and Methods: This research was an interventional study that carried out from January 2011 to January 2013. We surveyed the number of reporting communicable diseases before and after this modification on collecting data in our region and compared them. We changed the method of data collection from passive to active by experts. The collected data analysis was performed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test. Results: A total of 763 physicians enrolled, of whom 327 were employed in the health centers non-affiliated to the university. In the centers non-affiliated to the university, the mean reporting from these centers were 12.0 ± 8.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 11.1-13.0] after the intervention, compared with 2.8 ± 3.7 (95% CI: 2.4-3.2) before the intervention. The mean reporting from affiliated centers did not change considerably after the intervention (11.7 ± 16.1 vs. 12.1 ± 16.3). The mean reporting of both groups in 2012 was significantly different from that in 2011 (P < 0.001). But no difference was observed between mean reporting of two groups throughout 2012 (P = 0.998). Conclusion: We recommend the active method for collecting data of communicable disease, especially from the physicians in centers non-affiliated to the universit

Comparison between the tie-over and Karydakis procedure in chronic sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus

&lt;strong&gt;Background and Aims:&lt;/strong&gt; Pilonidal sinus in the sacrococcygeal region is a disease with high postoperative morbidity and discomfort for the patient. Although there are various therapeutic modalities to manage these patients, Controversy for choosing the best surgical technique in order to decrease the recurrence rate, patient discomfort, and Duration of disability after surgery still exists. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare results reached from two methods of surgery, tie-over procedure (TOP) and Karydakis procedure(KP) for the treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus. &lt;strong&gt; Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; In this study, 70 patients with a diagnosis of pilonidal sinus disease treated randomly with surgical excision and TOP or KP, in two 35 patients group, in the educational hospital by the same surgeon, between 2009 and 2010, and followed up until December 2019. &lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Achieved data after excision of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus indicate that primary closure of the wound by tie-over sutures have a better result than KP in order of Pain sore during the first month after surgery (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt; 0.001), Duration of disability (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;0.001), wound repair time (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;0.001) and Patient satisfaction(&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.019). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Overall, these results show the TOP instead of KP, because higher acceptance results may be an alternative better for the treatment of chronic pilonidal sinus for the patients who have surgery scheduled for them

Comparison of the effects of pethidine and diclofenac on post appendectomy pain

روش معمول کنترل دردهای پس از عمل استفاده از داروهای مخدر می باشد. استفاده از این داروها می تواند باعث بروز عوارض خطرناکی مثل ضعف تنفس یا حتی قطع تنفس و عوارض خطرناک دیگر شود. از طرفی کار برد این داروها خطر سوء مصرف هم دارد. بنا براین همیشه جایگزین کردن این داروها با داروهای کم خطرتر مد نظر بوده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی مقایسه ای اثر ضد درد دیکلوفناک سدیم (داروی مسکن با خواص ضد التهابی) با پتیدین (داروی مخدری که به طور معمول برای کنترل درد های پس از عمل به کار برده می شود) پس از جراحی آپاندکتومی بوده است. این مطالعه از نوع مداخله ای ـ مقایسه ای است که بر روی 72 بیمار پس از عمل آپاندکتومی، بالای 15 سال که به صورت تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند انجام شد. به گروه مورد (p) آمپول پتیدین یک میلی گرم به ازاء هر کیلو گرم وزن به صورت داخل عضلانی در سه مرحله بلافاصله پس از هوشیاری کامل (مرحله یک)، 6 ساعت بعد (مرحله دو) و 12 ساعت بعد از هوشیاری (مرحله سه) و به گروه شاهد (D) آمپول دیکلوفناک سدیم 75-50 میلی گرم داخل عضلانی در زمان های مشابه تجویز شد. در مراحل مختلف تحقیق شدت درد بر حسب نوع مسکن در هر دو گروه، با استفاده از پرسشنامه مک گیل ارزیابی شد. مقایسه شدت درد مرحله 2 به 1 در گروه P (پتیدین)40/42 و در گروه D (دیکلوفناک سدیم)60/30 (05/0