Evaluation of medical error status in various wards of Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran

Abstract: Medical errors are known as the most important challenges that healthcare systems in all countries are encountered to them. To provide security and safety for patient is one of the major items in the health care systems. Confessing medical errors imposed on patient and education system is found to be an important aspect of medical ethics and care in turn lowers incidence of errors. Given the importance of identifying and reporting occurred medical errors, the present research aimed to assess medical errors in hospital wards of Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital Khorramabad so that findings of this research can inspire us to incorporate medical errors as a very important subject in the curriculum of medical students and finally physicians can do best examination and treatment with minimal or no errors and inaccuracies. The present research is descriptive in nature which lasted from April to March 2015. Statistical population (subjects) included employees and supervisors, nurses, staffs, lab safety facilitator, pharmacy safety facilitator, surgery room personnel, equipment and personnel in the hospital wards, including the emergency department, men surgery, women surgery, operating room, orthopedics, internal medicine ward, neurology, laboratory room, surgery, infectious, ophthalmic, reception, pharmacy and CCU hospital in Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital- Khorramabad. © 2009-2016, JGPT

The potential efficacy of influenza vaccines in prevention from cardiovascular complications of COVID-19

Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 are not as common as pulmonary complications, while they could be life-threatening. Also, because there is no prevention strategy with appropriate safety and efficacy for these complications, researchers and clinicians are recommended to evaluate different strategies. Effects of influenza vaccines on reducing inflammatory responses and robust immune system, as well as decreasing probability of SARS-CoV-2/influenza co-infection make it a strategy for prevention from cardiovascular events in patients with COVID-19. We suggest further preclinical and clinical researches be conducted to determine the efficacy of influenza vaccines in the reduction of cardiovascular complications in patients with COVID-19 (10)

Knowledge sharing: The key factors in the success of knowledge management system in the organizational health of the employees working in the public universities of Tehran

The purpose of this study is to predict the knowledge sharing behavior in the organizational health of public universities in Tehran. The population included employees of Shahid Beheshti, Tarbiat Modarres, Amir Kabir, and Kharazmi universities located in Tehran. For this purpose, a sample size of 320 of employees based on Morgan’s table was selected through proportional stratified random sampling and responded to the organizational health and knowledge sharing questionnaire.Research method is quantitative and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection and objective. In order to analyze the obtained data, statistical methods of regression, correlation coefficient, multivariate data analysis, and measurement tools of SPSS, PLS were used. The results showed that, the observed r at the level of p<0.05 indicated a significant positive correlation between knowledge sharing and organizational health of the public universities’ employees in Tehran. This study supports the idea that knowledge sharing and its dimensions as a strong predictor largely influences organizational health

Antibacterial Efficacy of Polymer Coated Ceramic Microparticles loaded with a novel combination of antibiotics on the Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm

Introduction: Nano-technology applied for the local delivery of different agents and/or drugs has made its path to endodontics. In the current study, the antibacterial efficacy of biopolymer-coated ceramic microparticles loaded with a modified combination of triple antibiotics, i.e. Penicillin G, Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin (PMC), was evaluated against two strains of Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis); a standard clinical strain obtained from previously root-filled teeth with persistent periapical lesions, and compared to the most common antimicrobials used in endodontics. Methods and Materials: After synthesis of the polymer-coated microparticles loaded with antibiotics, the 21-day release of antibiotics were evaluated and a stock solution was produced using the maximum released amount of drugs and distilled water. The antibacterial activity of PMC, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), calcium hydroxide (CH), chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against two bacterial strains was determined using “Minimum Inhibitory Concentration” and “Agar Diffusion Test”. Additionally, “Microtiter Plate Assay” was performed to assess anti-biofilm properties. Results: Minimum inhibitory concentration values reported for TAP and PMC were 1/256. PMC showed the maximum diameter of growth inhibition in both strains (33 mm and 35 mm), while CH had the minimum diameters (13 mm and13 mm). Based on microtiter plate assay, TAP showed higher biofilm formation than PMC. Biofilm formation was higher in the standard strain for PMC; however, NaOCl, CHX and CH completely inhibited biofilm formation. Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, it could be concluded that PMC and TAP were the most effective medicaments against E.faecalis in its planktonic form; however, none could inhibit its biofilm formation. Further studies using larger sample size and “Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy” are recommended

SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM Analysis in Patients Who Attended a University Hospital During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Iran

Background: The world is facing a new coronavirus that causes a respiratory infection called COVID-19.Therefore, there is an increasing request for antibody tests in recovered individuals since they want to evaluatetheir immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.Materials and Methods: In our study, we had 1000 blood samples from patients admitted to the Ghiassi Hospital,Tehran, Iran, or were asked to perform serological SARS-COV-2 IgM and IgG tests by their physicians werecollected. The antibody levels were assessed via the ELISA assay method using S and N antigens during variouswaves of the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran.Results: The highest IgG level (2.77) compared to the average (with 95% confidence) is observed in patientsinfected in the third wave, which is confirmed by the ANOVA test. The mean IgM concentration in the secondwave was equal to 0.77 and more than the IgM level in the third wave and the beginning of the fourth wave,which was confirmed by the ANOVA test.Conclusion: Detection of SARS-COV-2 IgG, IgM has significant potential for evaluating the severity andprognosis of COVID-19. In addition, all seroepidemiology data in each community can help HealthCommissions for controlling this pandemic. These data also can be used for epidemiological modeling andassessing the prevalence of COVID-19 immunity in society

Efficacy and Safety of Osteoporosis Medication in Renal Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Osteoporosis is a significant concern, especially for individuals undergoing renal transplantation, as it disrupts bone health and increases the risk of fractures. Interventions for osteoporosis aim to address bone-related challenges in patients with renal transplantation, yet concerns persist regarding both efficacy and potential adverse events. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases until December 15, 2023, seeking studies that evaluated the efficacy and adverse events of osteoporosis medications in patients with renal transplantation. The Cochrane tool was utilized to assess the quality of the studies. The statistical analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, version 3.0. Results: We enrolled 594 participants from 7 randomized controlled trials. Combining trial results reveals that using anti-osteoporotic agents (Ibandronate, Risedronate, and Pamidronate) reduces the risk of vertebral fractures compared to the placebo. However, the reduction was not statistically significant (OR: 0.49, CI 95%: 0.20-1.22). Additionally, lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip BMD showed no significant differences between anti-osteoporotic agents (Denosumab, Zoledronic acid, Ibandronate, Risedronate, and Pamidronate) and placebo. Moreover, there were no significant differences in adverse events between the interventions and placebo. Conclusion: The study suggests that anti-osteoporotic agents in renal transplantation patients may be associated with a non-significant lower risk of vertebral fractures compared to a placebo. Findings also indicate no significant differences in adverse events between interventions and placebos. Caution is advised in interpreting these results due to the absence of statistically significant differences, emphasizing the need for further research to enhance our understanding of efficacy and safety in renal transplantation

Nosocomial Infections Caused by Drug-Resistant Bacteria in a Referral University Hospital, Tehran, Iran

Background: The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is a major public health problem worldwide. Although being drug resistance is common in some countries and rare in others, the extent of this condition is not precisely known in most parts of Iran.Materials and Methods: Clinical specimens from patients who had been in the hospital for at least 48 hours were included in this study. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI).Results: Of 11164 patients that were investigated, 369 (3.3%) had nosocomial infections. The most frequently isolated organisms from all sites of infections were Acinetobacter species (14.2%), Escherichia coli (13.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.9%). Among the Gram-negative bacilli, Acinetobacter spp was mostly resistant to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxon, co-trimoxazole and centamicin, while P. aeruginosa was frequently resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam (87%). Imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam were the most active antimicrobials against gram-negative microorganisms whereas vancomycin was the antimicrobial agent most consistently active against the Gram-positive cocci.Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with nosocomial infection in Tehran, Iran. Using proper diagnostic criteria as well as administering more effective treatment may limit the frequency of drug-resistant bacteria associated with HAIs.

Cytotoxic Activity of Nisin on Human Cancer Cell Lines: A Systematic Review

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Nisin consists of various and uncommon amino acids as an antimicrobial protein synthesized by the Lactobacilli genus. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of Nisin, an antibacterial peptide, on different human cancer cell lines. We searched PubMed/Medline and Embase databases to detect the studies addressing the cytotoxic activity of Nisin on human cancer cell lines. Our study was conducted following the "PRISMA" guideline. Of 202 potentially relevant articles, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for further analysis. The results revealed that Nisin has different levels of anticancer activity on human cancer cell lines. The outcomes of our review indicate that some cancer cell lines, such as cell skin carcinoma (A431), Melanoma cells (A375), and colorectal cancer cell lines (LS180), are strongly affected by the anticancer properties of Nisin. In contrast, the anticancer effect of Nisin on others like Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL60) is lower. Nisin shows significant anticancer effects in different cancer cell lines. Utilizing Nisin simultaneously with other antitumor agents can enhance its anticancer features and efficacy. Further studies, especially in vivo assay and clinical trials, are recommended to achieve more accurate results in this field

Implicit Learning Increases the Effectiveness of Internal Focus of Attention: The Importance of Reducing Cognitive Load

Introduction: Achieving a high level of motor learning requires finding an optimal combination of variables and methods. This research aimed to investigate the interactive effect of the focus of attention (internal and external) and learning approach (explicit and implicit) on the retention and transfer of basketball free throw skills.Methods: Forty-eight volunteer male students were randomly assigned to four Explicit Learning - Internal Attention, Explicit Learning - External Attention, Implicit Learning - Internal Attention, and Implicit Learning - External Attention groups. In the acquisition phase, the groups practiced basketball free throws in 6 blocks of 10 trials. 24 hours after the end of the acquisition phase, a retention test and two transfer tests were performed in a block of 10 trials for each test. The first transfer test was performed 10 minutes after the retention test under pressure conditions, and the second transfer test was performed ten minutes after the first transfer test from a 4-meter distance and a 45-degree angle.Results: The results showed that in explicit learning conditions, the external focus of attention and in implicit learning conditions, the internal focus of attention led to better learning in basketball free throw.Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, the cognitive overload of the explicit learning approach was moderated by providing the external focus of attention instructions. However, in the implicit learning approach, due to the use of analogy learning, little cognitive load is exerted on the learners’ working memory and it is possible to direct their attention to the skill itself or parts of the body that are involved in the execution of skill to achieve the benefits of the internal focus of attention