Channel Coding at Low Capacity

Low-capacity scenarios have become increasingly important in the technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the next generation of mobile networks. Such scenarios require efficient and reliable transmission of information over channels with an extremely small capacity. Within these constraints, the performance of state-of-the-art coding techniques is far from optimal in terms of either rate or complexity. Moreover, the current non-asymptotic laws of optimal channel coding provide inaccurate predictions for coding in the low-capacity regime. In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive study of channel coding in the low-capacity regime. We will investigate the fundamental non-asymptotic limits for channel coding as well as challenges that must be overcome for efficient code design in low-capacity scenarios.Comment: 39 pages, 5 figure

On the Application of Data Mining to Official Data

Retrieving valuable knowledge and statistical patterns from official data has a great potential in supporting strategic policy making. Data Mining (DM) techniques are well-known for providing flexible and efficient analytical tools for data processing. In this paper, we provide an introduction to applications of DM to official statistics and flag the important issues and challenges. Considering recent advancements in software projects for DM, we propose intelligent data control system design and specifications as an example of DM application in official data processing.Data mining, Official data, Intelligent data control system

The role of earnings management and dividend announcement in explanation of information asymmetry: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange

This study examines the relationship between earnings management and information asymmetry based on some companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period of 2005-2010. The study only uses qualified samples by taking into account all limitations and necessary criteria. Based on the results of this survey, we can conclude that there is not a significant relationship between earning management and information asymmetry in Tehran Stock Exchange. There is also not a significant relationship between low or high earning management and information asymmetry. Estimated dividend announcement has information content and it can influence on information asymmetry. Finally, in Tehran Stock Exchange, there is information asymmetry and after dividend announcement, its value is more than before

Contributions of KARDS to Professional Identity of High School Teachers in an EFL Context

This research aimed at investigating the impacts of knowing, analyzing, recognizing, doing, and seeing (KARDS) on Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ professional identity reconstruction in the context of high schools. Purposive sampling and KARDS questionnaire were used to choose participants and to classify them into a more KARDS-oriented group (n=10) and a less-KARDS oriented group (n=10). The researchers employed pre-course and post-course interview, teacher educator’s and teachers’ reflective journals, and class debate as data gathering tools. Following the pre-course interview, there was an implementation phase of KARDS by means of which teachers were acquainted with it. Then, Grounded Theory was used for data analysis. Findings revealed that there were three big shifts from “uncertainty of practice to certainty of practice”, “the use of fewer macro-strategies to the use of more macro-strategies”, and “linguistic and technical view of language teaching to critical, educational, and transformative view of language teaching” in teachers’ professional identities in both groups. The changes were similar in quality but not in quantity, and they should be incorporated in teacher education programs. The findings may encourage stakeholders to welcome uncertainty and confusion, to underline more macro-strategies, and to take a critical and transformative view of language teaching in language classrooms

Rheological Model for Wood

Wood as the most important natural and renewable building material plays an important role in the construction sector. Nevertheless, its hygroscopic character basically affects all related mechanical properties leading to degradation of material stiffness and strength over the service life. Accordingly, to attain reliable design of the timber structures, the influence of moisture evolution and the role of time- and moisture-dependent behaviors have to be taken into account. For this purpose, in the current study a 3D orthotropic elasto-plastic, visco-elastic, mechano-sorptive constitutive model for wood, with all material constants being defined as a function of moisture content, is presented. The corresponding numerical integration approach, with additive decomposition of the total strain is developed and implemented within the framework of the finite element method (FEM). Moreover to preserve a quadratic rate of asymptotic convergence the consistent tangent operator for the whole model is derived. Functionality and capability of the presented material model are evaluated by performing several numerical verification simulations of wood components under different combinations of mechanical loading and moisture variation. Additionally, the flexibility and universality of the introduced model to predict the mechanical behavior of different species are demonstrated by the analysis of a hybrid wood element. Furthermore, the proposed numerical approach is validated by comparisons of computational evaluations with experimental results.Comment: 37 pages, 13 figures, 10 table

Using mathematical methods for analyzing financial statements

Increasing in the financing turnover is one of the most important aims of economical organizations and companies management. In fact, by studying the available data and statistics and digits from their financial accounts, these organizations try to get a figure of their organizational production (which is obtained with the use of energy and lots of money) and with analyzing the present condition and considering the strategic and long term organizational aims and also awareness from their strength and weakness points and proper inductions, can be caused to optimal activities and acceptable exploitation from the financing. In this regard, analysis of cost- effective financial accounts can create the necessary ground for recognition of difficulties ahead of the organization and be a way for solving many problems for the future and look into the future decisions. Even though the analysis of financial relationship has been an important issue in so many years, the limitation of the analysis with regarding one factor on the top and the other factor in the bottom, would be evaluated only one dimension and therefore by considering financial ratio in separate form, it usually cannot be a good guide for financers and companies’ managers. To solve this problem, in this article, it has been suggested that we initially analyze the experts and specialists in industries and use the analytic processes because of importance in different financial ratios in comparison to each other. Then combine the ratios with regard to 4 sets of the ratios as a head of each company. Importance and usability of each company in comparison to the other companies have been measured. The mark for each company’s usability with different data mentioned which can be a suitable guide for the financer as well as the managers of the company to notice the primacy of the financing and orientation of the company was determined with more care. The results of the research indicated that in cash flow ratios, speed ratio, and in growth ratios, increase in the salary ratio and in the operational ratios, stock turnover ratio have the highest importance. After using combined indices as received and use of a covering analyzing model, total data of companies insurability mark calculated

Life cycle theory and dividend payout policy: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange

This paper investigates the role and the effect of the life cycle theory on explanation of dividend payout policy in Tehran Stock exchange listed companies over the period 2006-2011. For measuring the firm’s life cycle, two criteria namely retained earnings to equity ratio and retained earnings to assets ratio have been used as proxies of firm’s life cycle. The findings of this research show that only retained earnings to assets ratio has a meaningful and positive effect on dividend payout policy; In the companies that are growing, retained earnings to assets ratio is low; Whereas this ratio is high in the more mature companies and these firms have abundant retained earnings, hence they are good candidates to pay dividends. However, there was no meaningful relationship between another life cycle criteria namely retained earnings to equity ratio and dividend payout policy

Using mathematical methods for analyzing financial statements

Increasing in the financing turnover is one of the most important aims of economical organizations and companies management. In fact, by studying the available data and statistics and digits from their financial accounts, these organizations try to get a figure of their organizational production (which is obtained with the use of energy and lots of money) and with analyzing the present condition and considering the strategic and long term organizational aims and also awareness from their strength and weakness points and proper inductions, can be caused to optimal activities and acceptable exploitation from the financing. In this regard, analysis of cost- effective financial accounts can create the necessary ground for recognition of difficulties ahead of the organization and be a way for solving many problems for the future and look into the future decisions. Even though the analysis of financial relationship has been an important issue in so many years, the limitation of the analysis with regarding one factor on the top and the other factor in the bottom, would be evaluated only one dimension and therefore by considering financial ratio in separate form, it usually cannot be a good guide for financers and companies’ managers. To solve this problem, in this article, it has been suggested that we initially analyze the experts and specialists in industries and use the analytic processes because of importance in different financial ratios in comparison to each other. Then combine the ratios with regard to 4 sets of the ratios as a head of each company. Importance and usability of each company in comparison to the other companies have been measured. The mark for each company’s usability with different data mentioned which can be a suitable guide for the financer as well as the managers of the company to notice the primacy of the financing and orientation of the company was determined with more care. The results of the research indicated that in cash flow ratios, speed ratio, and in growth ratios, increase in the salary ratio and in the operational ratios, stock turnover ratio have the highest importance. After using combined indices as received and use of a covering analyzing model, total data of companies insurability mark calculated