The Private Rates Of Return To Education In Pakistan

Pembangunan model insan, terumanya melalui pendidikan dan persekolahan dianggap sebagai faktor utama dalam menjana pembangunan sesebuah negara. The development of human capital especially through education and schooling is regarded as the main factor promoting the over all development of nations.bioti

WTO Regulations and the Audio-visual Sector— An Analytical Framework for Pakistan

Audio-visual services play a crucial and formative role in any society. These services are closely linked to the preservation of cultural identity and social values, and play a major role in shaping public opinion, safeguarding democratic system and developing creative potential. Due to these reasons, governments of both developed and developing countries not only provide direct and indirect incentives to their domestic industries but also strictly regulate the content of audio-visual media. During the Uruguay Round of WTO (World Trade Organisation) negotiations, audio-visual service sector witnessed limited liberalisation. Even major players such as the EU, Australia and Canada did not make any commitments to liberalise trade in these services. This was primarily to protect the domestic industries from foreign competition, promote their growth and to protect the cultural heritage of the nations from foreign influence. Many countries have repeatedly raised concerns about the capability of the GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) framework to take into account the democratic, cultural and social aspects. Others have explained that audio-visual sector is largely covered by domestic regulations and normal trade rules are not applicable to these services

High-Temperature Friction and Wear Studies of Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90 Against Nimonic 75 Under Dry Sliding Conditions

The present research focuses on dry sliding friction and wear behaviour of Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90 against Nimonic 75 at high temperature up to 1023 K. The influence of temperature, sliding distance and normal load on friction and wear behaviour of Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90 against Nimonic 75 was studied using pin (Nimonic 75)-on-disc (Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90). Lower wear and lower friction of superalloys was observed at high temperatures, as compared to room temperature. Surface morphological and surface analytical studies of fresh and worn surfaces were carried out using optical microscopy, 3D profilometer, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to understand the friction and wear behaviour. The mechanism of the formation of microscale glaze layer is also discussed

Hybrid Deep Neural Network for Data Driven Missile Guidance with Maneuvering Target

Missile guidance, owing to highly complex and non-linear relative movement between the missile and its target, is a challenging problem. This is further aggravated in case of a maneuvering target which changes its own flight path while attempting to escape the incoming missile. In this study, to achieve computationally superior and accurate missile guidance, a deep learning is employed to propose a self-tuning technique for a fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller of a radar-guided missile chasing an intelligently maneuvering target. A multi-layer two-dimensional architecture is proposed for a deep neural network that combines the prediction feature of recurrent neural networks and estimation feature of feed-forward artificial neural networks. The proposed deep learning based missile guidance scheme is non-intrusive, data-based, and model-free wherein the parameters are optimized on-the-run while predicting the target’s maneuvering tactics to correct for processing time and loop delays of the system. Using deep learning for online optimization with minimal computational burden is the core feature of the proposed technique. Dual-core parallel simulations of missile-target dynamics and the control system were performed to demonstrate superiority of the proposed scheme in feasibility, adaptability, and the ability to effectively minimize the miss-distance in comparison with traditional and neural offline-tuned PID and FOPID based techniques. Compared to state-of-the-art offline-tuned neural control, the miss-distance was reduced by 68.42% for randomly maneuvering targets. Furthermore, a minimum miss-distance of 0.97 m was achieved for intelligently maneuvering targets for which the state-of-the-art method failed to hit the target. Overall, the proposed technique offers a novel approach for addressing the challenges of missile guidance in a computationally efficient and effective manner

THE INFLUENCE OF ARABIC AND PERSIAN LANGUAGES ON MULLA FAZIL'S POETRY

Mulla Fazil is considered to be one of the pioneer poets of the nineteenth century, whose poetry has many linguistic twists and turns.  Arabic and Persian vocabularies dominate his poetry to the extent that Balochi becomes a secondary language. By the way, it is not Fazil alone, Arabic and Persian left drastic imprints on the Balochi poetry composed during the era. These impacts have occurred at both academic and religious levels because most of the poets were studying at seminaries where Persian and Arabic were taught. The Arabic and Persian words and themes appear in a majority of his poems, at the same time, in each of his poems. Some stanzas are entirely in Arabic or Persian language. Most of the poets of the “Balochi Middle Age” were well versed in the Arabic and Persian languages. Consequently, a wide chunk of Arabic and Persian words entered Mulla Fazil's poetry, which has been demonstratively discussed in the following article

Stroke care in Pakistan

Increasing incidence of stroke and lack of infrastructure in both urban and rural areas needs immediate attention in Pakistan. There is a high proportion of young stroke with poor stroke outcomes. Acute stroke care is scarce in Pakistan due to the small number of neurologists (1 neurologist per 1 million population), few stroke units, and limited availability of alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) in the country