Mini craniotomy for chronic subdural haematoma: surgical outcome from a single institution experience and predictors of success

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is an increasingly common neurological disease in daily neurosurgical practice. Despite the wide prevalence of CSDH, there remains a lack of consensus regarding numerous aspects of its surgical management. The diagnosis and treatment are well established but there are different surgical procedures and outcome related to these procedures are not completely understood.Methods: The study conducted was conducted in department of neurosurgery at Ibrahim cardiac hospital and research institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2019 to July 2020, 105 patients were treated for chronic subdural haematoma This study evaluated the clinical features, radiological findings and surgical outcome by mini craniotomy assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS) score and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score in a large series of patients treated at single institution.Results: At 6 months follow up, only one patient died (0.95%) because of co-morbidities and not directly related to the chronic subdural haematoma, 15 patients (14.3%) improved to mRS 0, 33.33% showed only mild symptoms without any significant disability-mRS 1, slight disability was observed in 28.5% patients, moderate disability was observed in 17.14% patients-mRS 3, moderately severe disability was observed in 5.7%-mRS 4.Conclusions: GOS score at 6 months follow up which shows majority of the patient improved to GOS score 4 (45.71%) and 5 (38.09%). Based on these results, among various method of surgical management, mini craniotomy provides better outcome

Quantifying recreational value and the functional relationship between travel cost and visiting national park

Abstract Estimation of recreational benefits is an important tool for both biodiversity conservation and ecotourism development in national parks and sanctuaries. The design of this work is to estimate the recreational value and to establish functional relationship between travel cost and visitation of Lawachara National Park (LNP) in Bangladesh. This study employed zonal approach of the travel cost method. The work is grounded on a sample of 422 visitors of the LNP. Results showed that the total value of environmental assets of the LNP is 55,694,173 Taka/Year. Moreover, our suggestion based on visitors' willingness to pay is that the park entrance fee of 25 Tk per person should be introduced that could generate revenue approximate 2.3 million Taka/ year, beneficial for the park management and conservation of biodiversity

Optimizing Fenton-like process, homogeneous at neutral pH for ciprofloxacin degradation: Comparing RSM-CCD and ANN-GA

Author's accepted manuscriptAntibiotics are considered among the most non-biodegradable environmental contaminants due to their genetic resistance. Considering the importance of antibiotics removal, this study was aimed at multi-objective modeling and optimization of the Fenton-like process, homogeneous at initial circumneutral pH. Two main issues, including maximizing Ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal and minimizing sludge to iron ratio (SIR), were modeled by comparing central composite design (CCD) based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and hybrid Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA). Results of simultaneous optimization using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) revealed that at pH ≅ 7, optimal conditions for initial CIP concentration, Fe2+ concentration, [H2O2]/[Fe2+] molar ratio, initial EDTA concentration, and reaction time were 14.9 mg/L, 9.2 mM, 3.2, 0.6 mM, and 25 min, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, CIP removal and SIR were predicted at 85.2% and 2.24 (gr/M). In the next step, multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural networks (ANN) were developed to model CIP and SIR. It was concluded that ANN, especially multilayer perceptron (MLP-ANN) has a decent performance in predicting response values. Additionally, multi-objective optimization of the process was performed using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to maximize CIP removal efficiencies while minimizing SIR. NSGA-II optimization algorithm showed a reliable performance in the interaction between conflicting goals and yielded a better result than the GA algorithm. Finally, TOPSIS method with equal weights of the criteria was applied to choose the best alternative on the Pareto optimal solutions of the NSGA-II. Comparing the optimal values obtained by the multi-objective response surface optimization models (RSM-CCD) with the NSGA-II algorithm showed that the optimal variables in both models were close and, according to the absolute relative error criterion, possessed almost the same performance in the prediction of variables.acceptedVersio

Regional Tourism Development in Southeast Asia

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to address the role of tourism to the regional economic development of Southeast Asian economies. The assessment was accomplished by investigating the state of tourism development and by determining the drawbacks of tourism industry existed in Southeast Asia. This paper also explores strategies required to develop tourism collectively in order to achieve gains through establishing favourable environment and mobilizing endowed strategic resources. The assessment suggests the need to give attention on formulating transparent objective, implementation and integration of these objectives into national plans, participation of community people, tourism entrepreneurship and cooperation and integration of governments in developing tourism. Successfully overcoming the difficulties of regional tourism development, Southeast Asian tourism industry has the potential to reap benefit from the economies of scale

Stock Assessment of Exploited Sardine Populations from Northeastern Bay of Bengal Water, Bangladesh Using the Length-Based Bayesian Biomass (LBB) Method

Stock assessment is necessary to understand the status of fishery stocks. However, for the data-poor fishery, it is very challenging to assess the stock status. The length-based Bayesian biomass (LBB) technique is one of the most powerful methods to assess the data-poor fisheries resources that need simple length frequency (LF) data. Addressing the present gap, this study aimed to assess the stock status of three sardines (Sardinella fimbriata, Dussumieria acuta, and D. elopsoides) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), Bangladesh using the LBB method. The estimated relative biomass for S. fimbriata was B/B0 BMSY/B0 for D. acuta and D. elopsoides indicates healthy biomass. Additionally, for S. fimbriata, the length at first landing was smaller than the optimum length at first landing (Lc Lc_opt). Therefore, increasing the mesh size of fishing gears may help to ensure the long-term viability of sardine populations in the BoB, Bangladesh

Outcome measures of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy with uncomplicated acute appendicitis

Background: Acute appendicitis is the sudden and severe inflammation of the appendix. It can cause pain in the abdomen, and this pain may occur quickly and worsen within hours. Aim of the study: To find out the Outcome Measures of Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendicectomy with Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis. Methods: This is a prospective type of observational study conducted in the Department of Surgery, Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study period was from 1st July 2018 to 30 June 2020. 100 cases irrespective of sex were selected through random sampling who fit the selected criteria Result: Among 50 cases of open appendicectomy, 33 cases (66%) were male and 17 cases (34%) were female. Among 50 cases of laparoscopic appendicectomy, 34 cases (68%) were male and 16 cases (32%) were female (p-value: 0.83). Open cases needed 67.50±9.20 minutes' duration of anesthesia and laparoscopic cases 83.82±13.05 minutes (p-value: <0.001). Duration of surgery in group A (open cases) was (mean±SD) 44.54±11.75 minutes and in the group, B was (mean±SD) 68.28±15.24 minutes (p value<0.001). Per operative, hazards were observed in 2% of patients with laparoscopic appendicectomy (p-value: 0.31). Meantime required taking narcotic analgesic after surgery in Group A was 29.06±10.46 hours and in Group B 21.36±11.93 hours (p-value: 0.001) Conclusion: After observing the outcome of both the procedure it can easily be concluded that laparoscopic appendicectomy is superior over the open procedure in terms of duration of anesthesia, duration of surgery, post-operative pain and discomfort, tolerance to a normal diet, hospital stay, return to post-operative indoor and outdoor activities, wound infection and cosmesis. So laparoscopic appendicectomy is the safer procedure by expert surgeons. Analyzing more recent studies, it can be suggested that laparoscopy is becoming the first-choice method for the management of acute appendicitis

Estimation of Stock Status Using the LBB and CMSY Methods for the Indian Salmon Leptomelanosoma indicum (Shaw, 1804) in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

As one of the largest and most commercially valuable finfish species, Leptomelanosomaindicum (Indian salmon) significantly contributes to Bangladesh’s marine catches. The length-based Bayesian biomass (LBB) method and catch-based Monte Carlo method (CMSY) are among the most recent and powerful methods for predicting the state of fisheries resources from data-limited fisheries. CMSY requires catch and resilience data, as well as quantitative stock status information. For LBB, only length–frequency (LF) data are required. The stock status of L. indicum was estimated using these two independent methods, utilizing twenty-one years of catch–effort and length–frequency data (978 individuals) from commercial fisheries on the Bangladesh coast. Here, a BSM (Bayesian state-space implementation of the Schaefer surplus production model) was also employed. The current study’s findings showed that the B/B0 ratio of currently exploited biomass to unexploited biomass (0.1) was smaller than BMSY/B0 (0.36) and B/BMSY = 0.28 was smaller than the reference value of 1.0, indicating the grossly overfished and depleted condition of the stock. Similar trends in the results were found for B/BMSY = 0.11 ( FMSY) further justify the severely overfished conditions of L. indicum stock in the study area. Furthermore, the Lc_opt (optimal length at first capture) was higher than the Lc (length at first capture), indicating that this species is being overfished, and that mesh sizes should be increased for better management. This study provides information on biological reference points (BRPs), and confirms the severely overfished status of L. indicum in the coastal waters of Bangladesh. More specific and prompt management measures are required to recover and sustainably manage this valuable species, and protect the fish stock from commercial extinction