Effectiveness of Food Safety and Hygiene Training Program for Hospital Food Services Staff in Holly Makkah

Foodborne diseases have been increasing in recent years, with a greater impact on the health and economy of developing countries. Food can be a potential source of infection and disease, right from the point of procurement to the point of consumption. It is more likely in the food service establishments where mass food is prepared. Hygienic practices at procuring, preparing and serving are essential. Food handlers specially play a major role here. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of food service staff regarding food safety and hygiene, before and after food safety education program in hospital. A cross-sectional design was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices about food safety of the food services staff for the purpose of the study before and after a nutrition education program in a systemic sample of a hospital at holy Makkah were assessment by means of a questionnaire survey.After obtaining approval, the questionnaire was addressed to all food services staff. The study included 107 food handlers. Sixty of them (56.1%) were males and 47 were females (43.9%). Their age ranged between 22 and 56 years. Almost half of them (49%) were at least university graduated. Most of them (80.4%) were workers whereas (13.7%) were dieticians. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package of the Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Overall mean percentage of knowledge before an educational intervention was 56.1% and after an intervention it became 77.7%. This difference was statistically significant, p<0.001. It is concluded that the overall knowledge, attitudes and practices scores were higher regarding personnel hygiene, however, it need reconsideration regarding food-borne diseases and sanitation  Since the education, training of those handling food would improve the status of food hygiene knowledge. Keywords: Food Safety, Hygiene, Training Program, Hospital Food Services and Services Staff

Metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland, a case report

The thyroid gland is a known but an unusual site for metastatic tumors from various primary sites. Despite the fact that it is one of the largest vascular organs in the body, clinical and surgical cases have given an incidence of 3 % of secondary malignances of the organ. Nevertheless, thyroid metastases are not an exceptional finding at autopsy, they are encountered in 2 % to 24 % of the patients with malignant neoplasm. Soft tissue sarcomas metastatic to the thyroid are extremely rare as the majority of thyroid metastasis are caused by tumors of the kidneys, lungs, mammary glands, ovaries , and colon or by melanomas. We report a case of 22-years-old woman with right leg rhabdomyosarcoma metastatic to the thyroid gland

Fuzzy modeling and parameters optimization for the enhancement of biodiesel production from waste frying oil over montmorillonite clay K-30

Transesterification is a promising technology for the biodiesel production to provide an alternative fuel that considers the environmental concerns. From the economic and environmental protection points of view, utilization of waste frying oil for the production of biodiesel addresses very beneficial impacts. Production of higher yield of biodiesel is a challenging process in order to commercialize it with a lower cost. The current study focuses on the influence of different parameters such as reaction temperature (°C), reaction period (min), oil to methanol ratio and amount of catalyst (wt%) on the production of biodiesel. The main objective of this work is to develop a model via fuzzy logic approach in order to maximize the biodiesel produced from waste frying oil using montmorillonite Clay K-30 as a catalyst. The optimization for the operating parameters has been performed via particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach. During the optimization process, the decision variables were represented by four different operating parameters: temperature (40–140 °C), reaction period (60–300 min), oil/methanol ratio (1:6–1:18) and amount of catalyst (1–5 wt%). The model has been validated with the experimental data and compared with the optimal results reported based on other optimization techniques. Results showed the increment of biodiesel production by 15% using the proposed strategy compared to the earlier study. The obtained biodiesel production yield reached 93.70% with the optimal parameters for a temperature at 69.66 °C, a reaction period of 300 min, oil/methanol ratio of 1:9 and an amount of catalyst of 5 wt%

Preparation of Some Eco-friendly Corrosion Inhibitors Having Antibacterial Activity from Sea Food Waste

Chitosan is one of the important biopolymers and it is extracted from exoskeletons of crustaceans in sea food waste. It is a suitable eco-friendly carbon steel corrosion inhibitor in acid media; the deacetylation degree of prepared chitosan is more than 85.16 %, and the molecular weight average is 109 kDa. Chitosan was modified to 2-N,N-diethylbenzene ammonium chloride N-oxoethyl chitosan (compound I), and 12-ammonium chloride N-oxododecan chitosan (compound II) as soluble water derivatives. The corrosion inhibition efficiency for carbon steel of compound (I) in 1 M HCl at varying temperature is higher than for chitosan and compound (II). However, the antibacterial activity of chitosan for Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans is higher than for its derivatives, and the minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bacterial concentration of chitosan and its derivatives were carried out with the same strain

Reactions of organolithium reagents with quinazoline derivatives

This review deals with directed and regioselective lithiation of various quinazoline derivatives by the use of alkyllithiums in anhydrous THF at low temperature. Reactions of the lithium reagents obtained from the lithiation reactions with a range of electrophiles give the corresponding substituted derivatives in high yields. The procedures are simple, efficient and general to provide derivatives which might be difficult to produce by other means. In some cases nucleophilic addition of alkyllithiums takes place to produce the corresponding addition products via 1,2- and 3,4-additions. In other cases nucleophilic substitution or halogen-lithium exchange reactions occur

1-(2-Bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethylthiourea

In the title compound, C9H10BrClN2S, the di­methyl­thio­urea group is twisted from the benzene ring plane by 54.38 (6)°. In the crystal, the amino groups are involved in the formation of N-H***S hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into chains along [010]. Weak C-HCl inter­actions further link these chains into layers parallel to the ab plane

Crystal structure of 3-(2-bromophenyl)-1,1-dimethylthiourea, C9H11BrN2S

C9H11BrN2S, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.5187(3) Å, b = 8.0634(3) Å, c = 17.5320(6) Å, V = 1062.90(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0216, wRref(F2) = 0.0536, T = 296(2) K

Ethyl 1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxylate

The non-H atoms of the title mol­ecule, C19H16N2O2, are almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.019 Å), apart from the phenyl group, which is disordered with two components of almost equal occupancy: the dihedral angle between them is 78.9 (3)°. In the crystal, weak C—H...N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into [001] chains and aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions [shortest centroid–centroid separation = 3.747 (2) Å] form columns parallel to the c-axis direction