Flood Risk and Vulnerability of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Coastal cities are often vulnerable and subject to the risks associated with floods, hence the need to sensitize decision-makers on the threats posed by climate hazards and uncontrolled urbanization. This study is part of this logic and aims to identify and map the flood zones of the city of Jeddah in order to reduce their vulnerability and to integrate them into the strategies of prevention and fight against the risks of flooding. The recent floods in 2009 and 2011 have caused heavy human and material losses that will permanently mark the collective memory of the inhabitants of the city. The multisource and diachronic data used as well as the methodology adopted made it possible to perform a multi-criteria spatial analysis by combining optical satellite imagery and radar DEM, topographic and geological maps, rainfall records, and available statistical data. Thus, risk factors have been identified and combined to understand and appreciate the gravity of recent disasters and provide planners and decision-makers with tools to assist in the effective and adequate management of the ever-changing urban space, in a context of climate change and increased anthropogenic pressure on coastal cities

k-nearest neighbors prediction and classification for spatial data

We propose a nonparametric predictor and a supervised classification based on the regression function estimate of a spatial real variable using k-nearest neighbors method (k-NN). Under some assumptions, we establish almost complete or sure convergence of the proposed estimates which incorporate a spatial proximity between observations. Numerical results on simulated and real fish data illustrate the behavior of the given predictor and classification method

Le nouveau visage de l’égalité et de la non-discrimination au travail en République du Sénégal

Selon la doctrine, l’égalité et la non-discrimination sont soit érigées au rang de principe fondamental, soit considérées sous l’angle de la polysémie de l’égalité. La séparation entre les deux concepts n’apparaît que rarement dans le droit des relations professionnelles tant on conçoit que « discriminer, c’est simplement rompre la règle d’égalité ». L’égalité et la non-discrimination présentent la particularité de concerner l’ensemble de la vie nationale. Les dispositions constitutionnelles..

The Impact of Microcredit on Promoting Female Entrepreneurship: The Case of the Cooperative of Women Merchants in the Municipality of Gao

This work is based on a questionnaire intended for women entrepreneurs in the municipality of Gao. This research therefore aims to measure the effect of microcredit on the development of income-generating activities for these women.It is based on a particular case, namely the impact of credit on the activities of traders in the commune of Gao. The methodology used for this research is the descriptive method which is based on a statistical analysis through graphs, and cross tables, with version 20 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and the R (4.2.1, our sample was made up of 100 women, all members of the cooperative of women traders in the commune of Gao.Our results indicate that microcredit has a positive effect on the income-generating activities of beneficiaries. Thus, women's access to this credit has enabled them to increase their turnover and their profits, while meeting the conditions for the sustainability of their income-generating activities through the strengthening of organizational capacities. Keywords: female entrepreneurship, micro credit, tradeswoman, multinomial logit. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/14-24-01 Publication date: December 31st 202

Assessment of progress of the Postabortion Care Initiative in Francophone Africa

The goals of this study were to assess the national situation concerning postabortion care (PAC) in six countries (Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo), including the process of introduction, integration and decentralization of PAC; the successes and obstacles in the process of introducing PAC; and recommended key steps to strengthen the introductory process. The study used two approaches: a comprehensive review of the introduction and institutionalization of PAC in the six countries, and a situation analysis of PAC services within each country

Vascular access in Senegalese patients starting chronic haemodialysis

Introduction: It is recommended that patients should start chronic haemodialysis using an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). We aimed to determine the proportion of Senegalese patients who used an AVF at the start of  haemodialysis and examined the factors associated with its use. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from 1 June 2021 to 2 October 2021 among patients on chronic haemodialysis in 10 centres in the Dakar and Thiès regions. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records and also via patient interviews. Results: The patients (n = 543) had a median age of 50 years [interquartile range (IQR) 40–62 years] and 50.6% were male. The socio-economic level was low in two-thirds of cases. The median duration of haemodialysis was 40 (IQR 17–76) months. Hypertension was noted in 92% and diabetes in 13%. Hypertensive kidney disease was the cause of kidney failure in 33%. Only 47 patients (9%) had started dialysis using an arteriovenous fistula. Factors associated with its use at haemodialysis initiation were socio-economic level (OR 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.94 for low socio-economic level) and duration of pre-dialysis follow-up by a nephrologist for >4 months (OR 7.82; 95% CI 3.05–26.50). In 65% of prevalent patients, the vascular access used was an AVF, a tunnelled central venous catheter in 28%, an arteriovenous graft in 2% and a temporary central venous catheter in 4.4%. Conclusions: The proportion of Senegalese patients with an AVF at the start of haemodialysis was low. AVF use was associated with socio-economic level and pre-dialysis follow-up by a nephrologist for >4 months