Anisotropy of permeability, P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity of Upper Cretaceous carbonate samples from Tushka Area, Western Desert, Egypt

Petrophysical properties (such as porosity, permeability, grain density, bulk density, electrical resistivity, and P-wave velocity), as well as the anisotropy of the permeability, seismic velocity (P-wave velocity) and electrical resistivity were characterized in 42 carbonates (limestone) rock samples, collected from shallow wells (seven wells encountered the Upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks with variation in thickness, where well 1 encountered 50 ft thick Nubian sandstone, which decreased to about 30 ft thickness in well 7) from Tushka area, Egypt. The petrographic investigation of the studied carbonate rock samples shows three microfacies associations: Facies1 (MFA-1) is mainly an oolitic, low dolomitic and low glauconitic, fossil-rich packstone with a tendency towards floatstone or rudstone, Facies 2 (MFA-2) is mainly a glauconite rich, low dolomitic floatstone with some tendencies towards rudstone and Facies3 (MFA-3) is mainly a sparry calcite-cemented, low dolomitic rudstone rich in glauconite and iron minerals. The MFA-2 with the lowest average density and highest average porosity is characterized by a strong anisotropy of both permeability and electrical resistivity. The values of the anisotropy ratio of seismic velocity (P-wave velocity) are close to one for all facies, this means that no anisotropy can be detected in the seismic velocity. A comparison between the coefficients of anisotropy reveals that the anisotropy of electrical resistivity and permeability are related to each other

Improving the energy performance of houses in Montreal using the life-cycle analysis

This study presents tools to select the optimum solutions recommended for the design of energy-efficient house in Montreal, Canada. The computer model of the base case house was developed using BLAST program and using on-site measurements such as air leakage based on blower door test, short-term monitoring of indoor air temperature and electricity consumption derived from utility bills. Several design alternatives have been developed using both parametric and non-parametric approaches. The developed design alternatives included: (i) the modifications of the characteristics of building envelope, (ii) the modifications of the architectural design and (iii) the building operating conditions. The energy performance of selected design alternatives was evaluated using the calibrated model of base case and BLAST program. Results show that although the base case house is already energy efficient, there is still potential to improve its energy performance via developing the design tools of the house. The concept of energy efficiency includes more than the total energy consumption. The performance of the selected alternatives has been evaluated by using the multi-attribute life-cycle analysis. Three objective functions were used in the life-cycle analysis: (1) the total energy consumption, including the embodied energy and the operating energy; (2) the life-cycle cost, including the initial and the energy operating costs and (3) the environmental impacts, evaluated by using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) index, which is calculated in terms of equivalent CO 2 emissions. A database of design alternatives and related life-cycle performance has been developed in this study. A Decision Support System based on previous database for evaluating the design alternatives has been established to select the best set of alternatives during the energy-efficient design of low-residential buildings in Canada

Some Comparative Anatomical and Histological Studies on the Laryngeal Cartilages of Buffaloes, Camels and Donkeys

Comparative studies concerned the upper air ways of domestic animals are few. So this study was carried out to compare between the larynx of buffaloes, camels and donkeys. The present investigation was carried out on 39 larynxes, 13 larynxes (7 males, 6 females) of each species. Ten heads from each species were used for gross anatomical study; the remained three heads were used for the histological study. Results revealed that, the laryngeal cartilages of the three species were consisted of three single cartilages; the thyroid, the cricoid and the epiglottis, and two paired cartilages; the arytenoid and the corniculate. The cuneiform cartilages were paired cartilages present only in the larynx of the donkey. Thyroid, arytenoid and cricoid cartilages were of hyaline type, while the epiglottis, cuniform and corniculate cartilages and the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage were of elastic type. The laryngeal epithelium of aditus laryngis, greater part of epiglottis and vocal folds was lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The remained parts of laryngeal epithelium from base of epiglottis and entire parts caudal to vocal folds were lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells. The laryngeal glands of lamina propria were of mixed types in buffaloes and donkeys but in camels it was pure mucous glands. This study will fill a gap in the field of comparative anatomy and help other clinical investigation applied on these animals

Some Comparative Anatomical Studies on the Laryngeal Muscles and Cavity of Buffaloes, Camels and Donkeys

The aim of this study was to compare between the laryngeal muscles and cavity in buffaloes, camels and donkeys. A total of 30 larynxes (10 larynxes from each species) were subjected to study. In the three species, the laryngeal muscles were similar to those of other domestic animals, but the hyoepiglotticus muscle of camel was remarkably longer. Although the thyroarytenoideus muscle was undivided in the buffalo and camel, the slightly deeper lateral ventricle in camel, allowed the muscle anterior part to be covered with mucous membrane forming the vestibular fold. The laryngeal cavity of donkey was characterized by the presence of lateral laryngeal saccule that located between the two separate parts of thyroarytenoideus muscle, the vestibular and vocal muscles; the presence of two small pouches on both sides of median laryngeal recess, and the cuneiform tubercle, which was a mucosal elevation that covered the cuneiform process. This study will fill a gap in the field of comparative anatomy and help other clinical investigation applied on these animals

Comparative Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity in Buffaloes, Camels and Donkeys.

The aim of this study was to reveal the comparative anatomy of the nasal cavity in buffaloes, donkeys and camels. It was carried out on 30 heads of apparently healthy adult animals, 10of each species. Heads were fixed and used for gross and cross sectional anatomy. The study provided information about the peculiarities of nasal anatomy in each species. The conchal arrangement was greatly different in camels, while that of buffaloes and donkeys were similar to other ruminants and equine. In camels, the nasal conchae were condensed in the caudal two thirds, the ventral nasal concha was shorter and twisted and the alar and basal folds were raised from a common extension. Camels have a vestibular pouch known as lateral nasal diverticulum. It was a cylindrical tube anatomically different from the nasal diverticulum of donkeys and other equine. The cartilaginous skeleton of narial aperture was reduced in donkeys and camels. Moreover, the rostral portion of nasal septum in camels was formed of muscles instead of cartilage. In the three species, vomeronasal organ and dorsal and ventral swelling bodies were present on both sides of the nasal septum. However, in camels the vomeronasal organ was notably longer and wider. In conclusion, the anatomy of camel nasal cavity in contrast to other domestic animals was presented interesting anatomical features similar to those of proboscis-bearing mammals

Synthesis of some novel pyridine and naphthyridine derivatives

2-[1-(Furan- or thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)malononitriles (1a,b) undergo dimerization reactions in ethanol catalyzed by sodium ethoxide to afford 2-[4,6-di(furan- or thiophen-2-yl)-3-cyano-6-methyl-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-ylidene]malononitrile derivatives (2a,b), respectively. Compounds 2a and 2b couple with arene diazonium salts (3a-c) to afford the hydrazo derivatives (4a-f). They react also with hydrazines (5a,b) to afford the pyrazolo[3,4-H][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives (6a-d) and with urea derivatives (7a-c) to afford the pyrimido[4,5-H][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives (8a-f), respectively

Technology Integration Framework for Fast and Low Cost Handovers—Case Study: WiFi-WiMAX Network

The Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWNs) are seemed to be heterogeneous networks based on the integration of several wireless technologies. These networks are required to achieve performances equivalent to classic wireless networks by ensuring the continuity of communications and the homogeneity of network management during horizontal and vertical handovers. This task is even more important when management services, like security and quality of service (QoS), are deployed at access technology level. In this paper, we propose a framework for heterogeneous wireless technology integration based on network architecture skeleton and a handover management mechanism. This framework optimizes the layer-2 handover procedure to achieve performances required by sensitive applications while ensuring the minimization of signaling overhead required for operated networks. As an application example, we make use of this framework to propose a heterogeneous network based on WiFi and WiMAX technologies. We present an application example of the framework using the specification of a WiFi-WiMAX network. We propose several performance evaluations based on simulation tests based on this application. The latter confirm the efficiency of handover delay optimization and the minimization of management signaling costs

Train-to-Ground communications of a Train Control and Monitoring Systems: A simulation platform modelling approach

Under the SAFE4RAIL project, we are developing a simulation platform based on a discrete-events network simulator."br" This platform models the Train-to-Ground (T2G) link in the framework of a system-level simulation of"br" Train Control Management System (TCMS). The modelled T2G link is based on existing wireless technologies,"br" e.g. Wi-Fi and LTE. Different T2G scenarios are defined in order to evaluate the performances of the Mobile"br" Communication Gateway (managing train communications) and Quality of Services (QoS) offered to TCMS applications"br" in the context of various environments (regular train lines, train stations, shunting zones, etc.) while"br" varying the number of communicating trains, train’s speed, radio channel characteristics (delay spread, channel"br" attenuation, etc.). This paper focusses on the design and validation of the TCMS transmission over Wi-Fi/LTE via"br" an approach based on simulation. This simulation platform aims to be also used to test actual TCMS equipment’s,"br" i.e. Mobile Communication Gateway and Ground Communication Gateway, connected to it through Hardware-"br" In-the-Loop facilities of the chosen discrete-events network simulator. Document type: Contribution for newspaper or weekly magazin