Manipulating light at distance by a metasurface using momentum transformation

A momentum conservation approach is introduced to manipulate light at distance using metasurfaces. Given a specified field existing on one side of the metasurface and specified desired field transmitted from the opposite side, a general momentum boundary condition is established, which determines the amplitude, phase and polarization transformation to be induced by the metasurface. This approach, named momentum transformation, enables a systematic way to synthesize metasurfaces with complete control over the reflected and transmitted fields. Several synthesis illustrative examples are provided: a vortex hypergeometric-Gaussian beam and a "delayed-start" accelerated beam for Fresnel region manipulation, and a pencil beam radiator and a holographic repeater for Frauenhofer region manipulation

Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non ketotic coma

A case report discussing the management of a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. This is intended to raise awareness about this complication of Type 2 diabetes and the factors that lead to it. HSS is mostly caused by severe dehydration and sepsis. Elderly patients often do not drink enough and infection is commonly seen in patients living in a hospitalised environment.peer-reviewe

Nanoemulsions in Food Industry

A great attention has been received in the last few years for nanotechnology applications in food as well as pharmaceutical industries. People are looking for healthy and safe food worldwide. Therefore, researchers have been currently focusing on nanoemulsion technology that is particularly suited for the production of functional food. This chapter includes an overview about nanoemulsion terminology and formulation, various approaches for production of nanoemulsions which include high energy approaches such as high-pressure valve homogenization, microfluidizers and ultrasonic homogenization, and low energy methods such as spontaneous emulsification, phase inversion composition, phase inversion temperature and emulsion inversion point. In addition, the applications of nanoemulsions in food industry are discussed in detail

Synthesis of New Thiazole, Bithiazolidinone and Pyrano[2,3-d]thiazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

In an attempt to find a new class of antimicrobial agents, a series of thiazole derivatives containing furan moiety 3, 7, 8a,b, 10a-c and 12 were prepared via the reaction of 2-cyano-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide (1) with phenyl isothiocyanate and α-halocarbonyl compounds. Also, many bithiazolidinone and pyranothiazole derivatives were synthesized through interaction of thiazolidinone 7 with appropriate electrophilic reagents. These compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Among the synthesized compounds, thiazole derivatives 23a and 23b were equipotent to gentamycin against K. pneumonia (MIC 0.49 µg/mL), and showed in vitro antifungal activity equipotent to amphotericin B versus A. fumigatus (MIC 0.98 µg/mL), A. clavatus (MIC 0.98 µg/mL) and G. candidium (MIC 0.49 µg/mL). Also, bithiazolidinones 14 and 15 were equipotent to amphotericin B in inhibiting the growth of A. clavatus (MIC 0.98 µg/mL) and G. candidium (MIC 0.49 µg/mL). Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis and spectral data. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License