Dermal Filler types, Effect on soft tissue and Life Style correlation

One of the most common manifestation in our time, especially among girls, is those procedures on the skin or maintaining or to modify some of the changes in the skin, such as those that come due to aging or any other cosmetic reasons. Fillers and Botox are two of the most popular procedures. Dermal fillers are effective treatments used to soften and reduce wrinkles and deep lines, fill out the cheeks and smooth facial contours. There are four main types of injectable dermal fillers, including fat, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and microsphere-containing carriers of another material such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). So that to understand any type of injection, it is important to look at its history for valuable lessons and for successful progress. Honestly, it is very interesting to see what and where the world gets in the last 40 years of injectable. Today, we will be examining the brief history of dermal fillers from their bovine collagen roots, to the advanced fillers that are available today. In this review, we aimed to show some types of dermal fillers including a variety of its complication in soft tissue. Also, we try to correlate the factor of lifestyle  with its variant effects

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK SCREENING SERVICES IN SUDANESE COMMUNITY PHARMACIES

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the Sudanese community pharmacists' knowledge and practice of cardiovascular disease risk assessment services.Methods: The study was conducted as a non-interventional, descriptive, cross sectional community-pharmacy based survey.Results: The Response rate was 91%. The obese and the elderly received the highest ratings for cardiovascular disease risk assessment. Hypertension, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and ages >55 and 36-55 years were mostly targeted for screening. Variable responses were reported regarding the type of fasting lipid profile that is screened. One third of the participants claimed to have screening evaluation forms. Most participants had the appropriate equipment for screening but only a few had cholesterol measures. Only 27% reported the use of cardiovascular risk charts or calculator for the evaluation. Overwhelming majority had no documentation records and the most available reference was the BNF.Conclusion: The current knowledge and practice of cardiovascular disease risk assessment is poor and need fundamental development. Community pharmacy practice in the Sudan is still product oriented. These services were provided by respondents on voluntary bases without full knowledge or appropriate training on proper assessment and evaluation of the risks that they measured. This needs to change if pharmacy's potential is to be reached. Collaboration between health authorities and universities is essential to acknowledge the new roles of the pharmacist and provide the appropriate knowledge and training needed to promote and implement the change process that is required

Spray Freeze Drying as a Smart Method in Preparation of Ultra-Fine CeO2-MOX Materials

Cerium-oxide based nano-materials attract increasing interest for their use in multiple applications. In particular, the substitution of Ce atoms by other elements with lower or higher oxidation state is used to control oxygen vacancies within the oxide structures, which can greatly enhance the material properties for catalysis applications. Among the synthesis approaches, spray freeze drying method has been proved to be an extremely efficient method for the preparation of uniform nano-partical for different application. In this method, the pure solution or mixed solutions were directly sprayed into liquid nitrogen and immediately frozen to form a suspension, then, the iced droplets were dried in the freeze-dryer to reach the final product. However, in this work we deal with, the preparation of ultra-fine materials based on CeO2 fluorite structures and the substitution in its lattice with La and/or Co metal. The effect of Ce/La ratio on the properties of the final product was also investigated. During the experiment, the advantage of spray-freeze-drying process was successfully achieved. The characterization of the powder product was analyzed by means of EDX, TGA, XRD, DLS, and TEM which confirm the formation of nano-particles in the fluorite structure. For Ce:Co and when the Ce: La ratio is 0.2, 0.5, only cubic phase of CeO2-MO2 solid solution with ?uorite structure is observed with hig oxygen storage capacity, while Ce-La1 show the hcp structure of lanthanum. Keywords: nano-materials, Ceria, Lanthanium, metal loading spray freeze dryin

Histological effect of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on parotid gland of adult albino rat

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Monosodium glutamate induced histological change in the Zona Fasiculata of rats' adrenal and the possible amelioration effect of vitamin C supplementation

Monosodium glutamate in gesting (MSG) is steadily increasing worldwide as a flavour enhancer and food additive. On the other hand, vitamins C has antioxidant properties and can play an important role in preventing or improving many diseases. So, the aim of the present study is to study the impact of MSG administration on the histological structure of the zonafasciculata (ZF) of adult albino rat adrenal cortex and to clarify the possible amelioration effect of vitamin C cosupplementation. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided equally into three groups: group I; negative and positive (received100mg/kg vitamin C) control subgroups. MSG-treated group were administered 2 mg/g body weight MSG via gastric tube andascorbic acid supplemented group were given the same dose of MSG, followed by vitamin C at a dose similar to the positive control group. Tissue sections were obtained and proceeded for light and electron microscope examination. Plasma ACTH and cortisone were estimated. Morphometric and statistical analysis of the results were performed. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels in the MSG-treated group were significantly increased comparing to control and MSGtreated group receiving vitamin C. Histologically, in the MSG-treated group, ZF contained highly vacuolated cells and congested blood vessels. The reticular fibres were increased in MSG-treated group decreased in ascorbic acid supplemented group. Ultrastructurally, ZF contained cells with shrunken nuclei and numerous macrophages containing many lysosomes. On the other hand, the cellular architecture of ascorbic acid supplemented group was less affected and congested blood sinusoids were still detected. The reticular fibres were decreased in ascorbic acid supplemented group. Oral administration of MSG caused histological and functional degenerative changes in the ZF of adrenalin adult male albino rat which was ameliorated by supplementation of vitamin C. So, it is recommended to minimize consumption of foodstuffs containing MSG and to eat foods rich in vitamin C after performing more researchers to be sure of these effects on humans.MS

A Cross-Cultural Systematic Review of Vitamin D Deficiency in Women

Vitamin D deficiency has been reported in several cultures and regions, including the Middle East, North Europe, and Australia. In this review, we summarize and discuss existing studies on factors underlying vitamin D deficiency across different regions. In particular, we explain key roles played by lifestyle, including sun exposure, season change, diet, and clothing (concealing vs. non-concealing) as factors leading to vitamin D deficiency. We further discuss gender differences in vitamin D levels and, the impact of vitamin D supplements on cognition. The introductory section of this paper focuses on introducing vitamin D deficiency and highlighting the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Eastern countries. Here, we also provide a comparative literature analysis not only based on Eastern and Western countries but also compare the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between males and females. Our review provides key information on potential life changes that help increase vitamin D and protect against the development of several disorders

Physical Properties of Polyacrylamide/Polyvinylalcohol Silica Nanocomposites

 In this paper, samples of Polyacrylamide (PAAm) nanosilica nanocomposites were prepared having different concentration of nanosilica (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5). Polyacrylamide (PAAm) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were blended with different ratio (3/1, 1/1, 1/3) using solution-cast technique. The prepared films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffractions (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra showed the presence of hydrogen bonding between–CONH2 groups in PAAm and –OH group in PVA and confirm the hydrophilic nature of the blends. X-ray diffractions shows the presence of a strong broad peak centered at 22º (2θ) confirms the amorphous nature of silica which is supposed to be the characteristic of SiO2. The results obtained from different experimental techniques were supported by SEM image analysis. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites enhanced by increasing the silica content in the blend. The DC electrical conductivity was studied for all prepared samples. It was found that the conductivity increase by increasing silica content as well as, increased by increasing the wt% of PVA

Effect of Counteracting Lifestyle Barriers through Health Education in Egyptian Type 2 Diabetic Patients

BACKGROUND: Egypt is among the world top 10 countries in diabetes prevalence. It is the first country among the MENA region. Healthy lifestyle education and support help people with diabetes to improve health outcomes. Many physical and psychological barriers can hinder patients from following a healthy lifestyle. AIM: This study aimed to examine the effect of lifestyle modification educational sessions in helping Egyptian patients to overcome main barriers of diabetes self-management through improving nutritional behaviours, physical activity, medication compliance, and blood glucose monitoring. METHODS: A cohort study included 205 patients with type 2 diabetes. Baseline assessment of patients' lifestyle behaviours and barriers using personal diabetes questionnaire of Louisville University, with both anthropometric and blood glucose assessment. Interventional lifestyle health education was provided weekly through multiple integrated techniques, followed by a post-intervention assessment to evaluate the effect of the health education sessions. Statistical analysis was done to identify any statistically significant difference before and after the health education intervention. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement of the post-education mean scores of the studied behaviours when compared with the pre-education scores of the participants’ behaviours (p < 0.001). There was also a significant reduction in the barriers facing patients to diabetes self-management including nutritional barriers (P < 0.001), medication compliance barriers (P < 0.001) with a percent change (43%), physical activity barriers (p < 0.001), and blood glucose monitoring (p < 0.001) with a percent change (44%).There was a statistically significant positive correlation between improvement of medication compliance (P = 0.027), blood glucose monitoring(P = 0.045), and glycated haemoglobin of the study participants CONCLUSION: lifestyle modification education of type 2 diabetic patients can overcome the main barriers of following a healthy lifestyle and improve their anthropometric measures and blood glucose level