CAPITAL ACCOUNT LIBERALIZATION AND EXCHANGE RATE REGIME CHOICE, WHAT SCOPE FOR FLEXIBILITY IN TUNISIA?

Capital account liberalization and exchange rate regime choice, what scope for flexibility in Tunisia? This study evaluates within a game-theoretic framework the exchange rate regime from a welfare perspective. In a tradable-nontradable goods model framework, Tunisia’s exchange rate regime choice is cast in terms of strategic interactions between the monetary authority and domestic enterprises. The monetary authority is assumed to choose an optimal exchange rate regime according to a welfare-related criterion by minimising a loss function defined in terms of external competitiveness and domestic inflation. Simulations outcomes reveal that capital account liberalization in the Tunisian economic context is compatible with a flexible exchange rate regime.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40201/3/wp815.pd

CAPITAL ACCOUNT LIBERALIZATION AND EXCHANGE RATE REGIME CHOICE, WHAT SCOPE FOR FLEXIBILITY IN TUNISIA?

Capital account liberalization and exchange rate regime choice, what scope for flexibility in Tunisia? This study evaluates within a game-theoretic framework the exchange rate regime from a welfare perspective. In a tradable-nontradable goods model framework, Tunisia’s exchange rate regime choice is cast in terms of strategic interactions between the monetary authority and domestic enterprises. The monetary authority is assumed to choose an optimal exchange rate regime according to a welfare-related criterion by minimising a loss function defined in terms of external competitiveness and domestic inflation. Simulations outcomes reveal that capital account liberalization in the Tunisian economic context is compatible with a flexible exchange rate regime.Exchange rate regime, Liberalization, Convertibility, Capital Account, Welfare, Tunisia.

Durée d’arrêt de travail, salaire et Assurance maladie : application microéconométrique à partir de la base Hygie

L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence la relation entre la durée d’arrêt de travail, les salaires et l’Assurance maladie. Nous présentons une réécriture du modèle développé par Allen (1981), en tenant compte des spécificités du modèle français. Les propriétés d’équilibre du modèle montrent qu’il existe une indétermination de l’effet du salaire sur la durée de l’arrêt de travail et que les règles de l’Assurance maladie modifient aussi la durée d’arrêt de travail. Cette propriété est soumise à estimation économétrique en utilisant la base de données Hygie, construite à partir de la fusion de différents fichiers administratifs de salariés du secteur privé en France en 2005, qui permet de prendre en considération : les relations "employeurs/employés", l’impact des caractéristiques des entreprises sur la santé de leurs employés mais aussi les interactions entre la santé et le travail. Nous estimons un modèle à hasard proportionnel à temps discret en tenant compte de l’hétérogénéité inobservée sur l’échantillon des hommes et des femmes. Afin de lever l’indétermination du salaire sur la durée d’arrêt de travail, quatre niveaux sont mobilisés : le niveau actuel du salaire, le taux d’évolution depuis le début de la carrière salariale (rendement de l’éducation), la progression sur les deux dernières années (récompense monétaire) et le salaire d’efficience. Les résultats des estimations montrent que le salaire actuel a un effet négatif sur la durée d’arrêt de travail. En revanche, une forte progression salariale de long terme tend à réduire la durée d’arrêt de travail pour les hommes et à la rallonger pour les femmes. De plus, les différentes modalités de l’Assurance maladie semblent modifier les comportements des salariés concernant les arrêts de travail.Durée d’arrêt de travail, Absences au travail, Niveaux de salaire, Modèle de durée à temps discret.

Exploring opportunities and challenges of using ChatGPT in English language teaching (ELT) in Morocco

This article investigates the use of ChatGPT in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Morocco. It explores the opportunities and challenges associated with implementing it as a tool to enhance English language learning for Moroccan students, employing a mixed-methods approach. A questionnaire was administered to 62 ELT teachers in Morocco, and 12 interviews were conducted to validate and enrich the data. Findings shed light on the opportunities that ChatGPT offers in Moroccan ELT, including personalized learning, instant feedback, teachers’ professional development enhancement, and access to authentic language resources. However, the study identified challenges such as concerns about accuracy, cultural appropriateness, and excessive reliance on technology. The study informs ELT instructors and educational stakeholders in Morocco about the potential advantages and limitations of incorporating AI-based conversational agents like ChatGPT into ELT practices and promotes informed decision-making and effective integration of technology in language learning contexts

Responses of Sheep to Haemonchus.Contortus Infection With Respect To Nutritional Enhancement and Innate Resistance

Gastrointestinal parasitism, in particular caused by Haemonchus contortus, is the major source of parasitic gastro-enteritis in tropical countries and is associated with large economic losses. This study was conducted to investigate the enhancement of responsiveness of sheep to H contortus infection by dietary protein supplementation and by selecting and breeding for resistance to H contortus. In the first experiment, thirty two, 3 month old Dorsimal lambs were used to study the influence of dietary protein supplementation on H contortus infection. Lambs were offered a complete basal ruminant diet (15% crude protein; CP), with or without fish meal as a source of rumen bypass protein (19% CP). Lambs from each dietary treatment group were given either a 7-week trickle infection with H. contortus infective larvae or remained uninfected. All lambs were drenched with anthelmintics at week 8 post-infection, then challenged with a single dose of 5000 H. contortus L3 one week later and killed 14 days post-challenge. Supplementation lower faecal egg counts (FECs) in trickle infected lambs. The non-supplemented, trickle infected lambs had lower packed cell volume (PCY), haemoglobin (Hb) and plasma protein (PP). Although no obvious eosinophilia was observed and peripheral eosinophil and abomasal worm counts were not significantly different among the four groups, supplementation, had significant effect on eosinophil and mast cells in the abomasal mucosa (P3675) were classified as low responder (LR) animals that were more susceptible. The HR and LR selected lambs were transferred to UPM and treated to remove the field infection. The lambs were kept indoor and subsequently artificially infected with a single oral dose of 10000 H. contortus L3. At the age of 12 months, HR males were mated to HR females and LR males to LR females. The offspring of these matings were in tum artificially challenged with 10000 H. contortus L3 upon weaning to confirm their responder status . The post-challenge FEC, PCV, PP and body weights of these lambs were monitored. The FEC of HR animals were significantly (P<O.OOl) lower than that of LR animals in field and post-challenge. The PCV and PP of LR animals were significantly lower than that of the HR animals. There was a significant, positive correlation between FECs from field and experimental infections and FECs of the offspring and their sires and dams. This study suggests it is possible to segregate sheep into HR and LR using simple parasitological criteria supported by PCV and PP and that resistance to H contortus is inherited

Digitalization and Banking Crisis: A Nonlinear Relationship?

This study assesses the impact that ICT can have on the occurrence of banking crisis for a sample of 113 countries over the period 1996-2017 while considering the interfering role of corruption and the potential existence of a nonlinear relationship for the ICT-banking crisis nexus. We consider countries with varying income levels to check for the stability of the relationship. Our estimation results show that more highly ICT endowed countries can improve the resilience of the banking system. The study provides evidence that ICTs do not produce the same effect regardless of a country's level of income. Estimation outcomes show the existence of a threshold effect driving the ICT-banking stability nexus. More results show that Information and communication technologies can improve the stability of the banking system only when corruption is relatively low. However, when corruption is endemic, ICT endowment is useless for the stability of the banking system. 2022, The Author(s).Scopu

Sous le signe indien ou le pessimisme littéraire : poétique du fatalisme et du déterminisme dans Douleur exquise de Salah Oudina

La littérature algérienne francophone postmoderne suggère de nouvelles thématiques qui appréhendent des réflexions sur l’existence dans son rapport à l’expérience humaine. En dépit de la prévalence de la science à l’époque contemporaine, certaines croyances et superstitions ont su traverser le temps et trouver refuge dans les esprits fatalistes, nourries de désespoir et de défaitisme. Le roman algérien de langue française Douleur exquise de Salah Oudina dépeint un cadre général de déception et d’affliction dans le rapport conflictuel de l’homme à Dieu et nous propose de pénétrer dans l’esprit fataliste et l’attitude défaitiste du protagoniste dans sa tentative de trouver des réponses à des questions d’existence et de providence. Nous tenterons dès lors de procéder à une étude analytique des différentes manifestations du fatalisme et du déterminisme dans l’œuvre à travers une thématique éclatée qui raconte le parcours d’un antihéros, dans une certaine ambiance pessimiste et prospective. Le déterminisme psychique du personnage sera projeté sur une société ambivalente et à l’échec pour ainsi tenter de reconstruire le chaos d’un monde qui fonce vers l’abîme. Nous analyserons les signes du fatum y compris le retour au mythe des ancêtres à l’origine de la malédiction ainsi que la manière dont le narrateur déjoue, par le biais de la mise en abyme, le sort du protagoniste et propose la reconstitution d’une société dystopique dans son ultime tentative de regagner l’optimisme souhaité et de contourner le destin

Development of a bipolar nickel-iron battery prototype for energy storage

Philosophiae Doctor - PhDEnergy storage systems represent a viable option to integrate renewable energy sources into the grid network. Multiple energy storage technologies are available such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electrochemical storage technologies. Battery Energy Storage Systems are considered as an accepted solution for energy storage with advantages such as, sustained power delivery, geographical independence and, fast response capability. This thesis describes the development of rechargeable bipolar Nickel-Iron batteries as potential candidates for cost effective energy storage solutions. The first objective of this work was to design a bipolar electrode comprising an Iron (Fe)-based anode, a Nickel (Ni)-based cathode and a flexible bipolar plate and to optimise its production process in order to attain high performance in terms of capacity and efficiency. Research questions to be answered included

Determinants of Tunisia's exports: A gravity model framework

This paper applies the gravity trade model to explain Tunisia's exports pattern with non-traditional partner's countries and to determine the main factors explaining Tunisia's exports with these countries. We estimate our model over the period 1986 - 2009 for a sample of 36 countries. A two step estimation procedure is used in this paper to estimate time invariant parameters and dummy coefficients. Estimation outcomes show that Tunisia tends to exchange more commodities with close countries and with countries having common maritime borders. Estimations provide strong evidence that the economic size of the partners, Tunisia trade openness policy, development of foreign direct investment, can stimulate exports to the selected countries. Furthermore, contrary to the geographic distance, the existence of a common language does not role on the Tunisia exports to these destinations. The result shows that Tunisia has tremendous potential to develop trade relationship with the selected partner countries. © International Economic Society