The Effect of Laying Nozzle Distance Position on Operational Results Renewable Power Plant Pico-Hydro

New and renewable energy sources today and in the future are human needs that need to be sought and explored from all existing nature, especially in countries with many sources of application, such as Indonesia. Indonesia is an archipelago country that has a vast nature with abundant alternative energy sources such as river flow, irrigation which can be used as a source of energy for pico-hydro power plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of pico-hydro with a test model for the position of nozzle position mounted on the pico-hydro using screw Archimedes turbine. The research method is carried out by direct experimentation from a tool that has been made using water fluid that is circulated continuously as if in actual operating conditions. The results of this research show that the positioning of the nozzle distance as the water output to drive the turbine blades affect operational results obtained. The farther distance from nozzle position to thread, the power and rotation also decrease, on the other hand, if nozzle is too close, the water sprayed by nozzle causes a back force of water so that the results are not optimal. In this research, the greatest power is generated at a nozzle distance of 4 cm, which is 230 Watt at a flow rate of 24 m3/h, and the lowest power is obtained at 44 Watt at flow rate of 2 m3/h where this position is ideal for pico-hydro installation. The best turbine shaft rotation in this study was produced at a nozzle distance of 4 cm which is 195 rpm, in this condition the spray of water flowing out of the tip of the nozzle towards the screw blade of the first part of the turbine which hits the sidelines of the screw occurs without resistance

The Effect of Laying Nozzle Distance Position on Operational Results Renewable Power Plant Pico-Hydro

New and renewable energy sources today and in the future are human needs that need to be sought and explored from all existing nature, especially in countries with many sources of application, such as Indonesia. Indonesia is an archipelago country that has a vast nature with abundant alternative energy sources such as river flow, irrigation which can be used as a source of energy for pico-hydro power plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of pico-hydro with a test model for the position of nozzle position mounted on the pico-hydro using screw Archimedes turbine. The research method is carried out by direct experimentation from a tool that has been made using water fluid that is circulated continuously as if in actual operating conditions. The results of this research show that the positioning of the nozzle distance as the water output to drive the turbine blades affect operational results obtained. The farther distance from nozzle position to thread, the power and rotation also decrease, on the other hand, if nozzle is too close, the water sprayed by nozzle causes a back force of water so that the results are not optimal. In this research, the greatest power is generated at a nozzle distance of 4 cm, which is 230 Watt at a flow rate of 24 m3/h, and the lowest power is obtained at 44 Watt at flow rate of 2 m3/h where this position is ideal for pico-hydro installation. The best turbine shaft rotation in this study was produced at a nozzle distance of 4 cm which is 195 rpm, in this condition the spray of water flowing out of the tip of the nozzle towards the screw blade of the first part of the turbine which hits the sidelines of the screw occurs without resistance

Analysis of EMG based Arm Movement Sequence using Mean and Median Frequency

This paper present the studies of analysis arm movement sequence which dedicated for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke. The recovery of the arm could be optimized if the rehabilitation therapy is in a right manner. Upper limb weakness after stroke is prevalent in post-stroke rehabilitation, many factors that can deficit muscle strength there are neural, muscle structure and function change after stroke. Rehabilitation process needs to start as soon as after a stroke attack, repetitive and conceptualized. On the other hand monitoring of muscle activity also need in the rehabilitation process to evaluate muscle strength, motor function and progress in the rehabilitation process. The objective of this research is to analysis arm movement sequence using the feature frequency domain. In this study deltoid, biceps and flexor carpum ulnaris (FCU) muscles will be monitored by surface electromyography (sEMG). Five healthy subjects male and female become participants in data recording. Mean frequency (MNF) and median frequency (MDF) domain are two signals processing technique used for arm movement sequence analyzing. The analysis result showed that MNF is better than MDF where MNF produced higher frequency than MDF from each segment. From the data analysis, this movement sequence design more focuses on deltoid and FCU muscles treatment. This movement sequence has five condition movements. First undemanding, second difficult, third moderate, fourth moderate and the last cool-down movements. The best movement sequence minimum has four condition movements warming up - moderate - difficult - cool-down

In vitro evaluation of finger's hemodynamics for vein graft surveillance using electrical bio-impedance method

Electrical bio-impedance measurement has great potential in many biomedical applications including vein graft surveillance. Studies have shown that thrombosis was the major cause of the vein graft failure. The meticulous skills of the surgeon and effective postoperative surveillance of vein graft remain the cornerstones of clinical success in the current surgical management of vein graft survival. Vascular blood flow is the key clinical indicators for the evaluation of patency of the vein graft and ensuring the patient's quality of life. In this work, electrical bio-impedance method has been proposed as an alternative to the existing surveillance method as it is non-invasive, portable, easy applicable in practice, fast response, radiation free, and required only low-cost instrumentation. It was employed to measure pulsatile changes in longitudinal bio-impedance to quantify arterial blood flow and blood volume. We expect that by measuring the changes in tissue bio-impedance which can be used to evaluate important peripheral hemodynamic, it allows the detection of early stage stenosis within vascular and vein graft as well as estimate its severity with predetermined normative data provided

Conceptual design for oil palm evacuation to improve ergonomics issues of collecting fresh fruit bunch

Oil palm evacuation are still labour dependent and room for mechanisation may still exist. With the importance of this industry as one of nation’s economic contribution the efforts are still considered viable. In order to reduce, improve and empower labours a new concept design was developed. A mock-up interaction was done in virtual environment in order to assess the ergonomic aspect of the design in order to determine the pros and cons of the concept design. The findings had led to a conclusion for a requirement of a more thorough assessment to assess human machine interaction in terms of biomechanical effects

An Emotion Assessment of Stroke Patients by Using Bispectrum Features of EEG Signals

Emotion assessment in stroke patients gives meaningful information to physiotherapists to identify the appropriate method for treatment. This study was aimed to classify the emotions of stroke patients by applying bispectrum features in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. EEG signals from three groups of subjects, namely stroke patients with left brain damage (LBD), right brain damage (RBD), and normal control (NC), were analyzed for six different emotional states. The estimated bispectrum mapped in the contour plots show the different appearance of nonlinearity in the EEG signals for different emotional states. Bispectrum features were extracted from the alpha (8–13) Hz, beta (13–30) Hz and gamma (30–49) Hz bands, respectively. The k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifiers were used to classify the six emotions in LBD, RBD and NC. The bispectrum features showed statistical significance for all three groups. The beta frequency band was the best performing EEG frequency-sub band for emotion classification. The combination of alpha to gamma bands provides the highest classification accuracy in both KNN and PNN classifiers. Sadness emotion records the highest classification, which was 65.37% in LBD, 71.48% in RBD and 75.56% in NC groups

An emotion assessment of stroke patients by using bispectrum features of EEG signals

Emotion assessment in stroke patients gives meaningful information to physiotherapists to identify the appropriate method for treatment. This study was aimed to classify the emotions of stroke patients by applying bispectrum features in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. EEG signals from three groups of subjects, namely stroke patients with left brain damage (LBD), right brain damage (RBD), and normal control (NC), were analyzed for six different emotional states. The estimated bispectrum mapped in the contour plots show the different appearance of nonlinearity in the EEG signals for different emotional states. Bispectrum features were extracted from the alpha (8-13) Hz, beta (13-30) Hz and gamma (30-49) Hz bands, respectively. The k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifiers were used to classify the six emotions in LBD, RBD and NC. The bispectrum features showed statistical significance for all three groups. The beta frequency band was the best performing EEG frequency-sub band for emotion classification. The combination of alpha to gamma bands provides the highest classification accuracy in both KNN and PNN classifiers. Sadness emotion records the highest classification, which was 65.37% in LBD, 71.48% in RBD and 75.56% in NC groups.Published versio

An overview of the oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) potential as reinforcing fibre in polymer composite for energy absorption applications

The oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) natural fibres were comprehensively reviewed to assess their potential as reinforcing materials in polymer composites for energy absorption during low-velocity impact. The typical oil palm wastes include trunks, fronds, kernel shells, and empty fruit bunches. This has a tendency to burden the industry players with disposal difficulties and escalates the operating cost. Thus, there are several initiatives have been employed to convert these wastes into value added products. The objective of this study is to review the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as natural fibre polymer composite reinforcement to absorb the energy during low-velocity impact as another option for value added products. Initially, this paper reviewed the local oil palm waste issues. Previous research works on OPEFB polymer composite, and their mechanical characterization is appraised. Their potential for energy absorption in low-velocity impact application was also elaborated. The review suggests high potential applications of OPEFB as reinforcing materials in composite structures. Furthermore, it is wisely to utilize the oil palm biomass waste into a beneficial composite, hence, promotes the green environment