Exact solutions for unsteady free convection flow over an oscillating plate due to non-coaxial rotation

Background: Non-coaxial rotation has wide applications in engineering devices, e.g. in food processing such as mixer machines and stirrers with a two-axis kneader, in cooling turbine blades, jet engines, pumps and vacuum cleaners, in designing thermal syphon tubes, and in geophysical flows. Therefore, this study aims to investigate unsteady free convection flow of viscous fluid due to non-coaxial rotation and fluid at infinity over an oscillating vertical plate with constant wall temperature. Methods: The governing equations are modelled by a sudden coincidence of the axes of a disk and the fluid at infinity rotating with uniform angular velocity, together with initial and boundary conditions. Some suitable non-dimensional variables are introduced. The Laplace transform method is used to obtain the exact solutions of the corresponding non-dimensional momentum and energy equations with conditions. Solutions of the velocity for cosine and sine oscillations as well as for temperature fields are obtained and displayed graphically for different values of time (t), the Grashof number (Gr), the Prandtl number (Pr), and the phase angle (ωt). Skin friction and the Nusselt number are also evaluated. Results: The exact solutions are obtained and in limiting cases, the present solutions are found to be identical to the published results. Further, the obtained exact solutions also validated by comparing with results obtained by using Gaver–Stehfest algorithm. Conclusion: The interested physical property such as velocity, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number are affected by the embedded parameters time (t), the Grashof number (Gr), the Prandtl number (Pr), and the phase angle (ωt)

Development of bambangan (Mangifera pajang) carbonated drink

Mangifera pajang Kostermans or bambangan is a popular fruit among Sabahan due to its health and economic values. However, the fruit is not fully commercialized since it is usually been used as traditional cuisine by local people. Thus, development of bambangan fruit into carbonated drink was conducted to produce new product concept. The objectives of this study were to conceptualize, formulate, evaluate consumer acceptance, and determine physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of the accepted product. Method used in conceptualising the product was based on questionnaire. The consumer acceptance was evaluated based on descriptive and affective tests with four product formulations tested. The physicochemical properties on carbon dioxide volume, colour, pH, total acidity, total soluble solid (TSS) and viscosity were highlighted, meanwhile nutritional composition on fat, protein, carbohydrates and energy content were determined. About 77% respondents gave positive feedback, and 69% respondents decided this product is within their budget. The formulation of 5% bambangan pulp, 70% water, 25% sugar and 0.2% citric acid was highly accepted in descriptive and affective tests with 4.4 and 6.39 mean scores, respectively. The physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of the acceptance product were in optimum value except for colour, total acidity and TSS. Overall, this study showed that the product has high potential to be commercialized as new product concept, and heritage of indigenous people can be preserved when this fruit is known regionally

Pemodelan Retak Pada Struktur Beton Bertulang

. This paper presents a crack model for reinforced concrete structures by using nonlinear finite element method. The crack model used in this study is a discrete crack to simulate strain discontinuity, Discrete cracks are inserted into the structure when the principal tensile stress of nodes have reached the tensile strength of concrete. Insertion of discrete cracks into the structure is only performed when resulting stress combinations are dominated by normal tension stress. Nevertheless, if the principle tension stress on a Gauss point has exceeded the tensile strength of concrete, the craks is treated as a smeared crack with a change in material behavior from one isotropic to another orthotropic character. To find the appropriate direction and pattern of cracks, insertion of discrete cracks into the structure is not only performed by node separation at nodes which have reached the tensile strength of concrete, but also by rotation of the crack perpendicular to the direction of the principle tension stress and dragging the crack-tip node as far as the crack has propagated. Some specimens with different cases e.i Beam J4 (Burns and Siess 1962), Beam OA (Bresler dan Scordelis 1963) and Beam A4 (Ahmad et al. 1986) were analyzed to validate the model. The model is not only able to shows that the structure response is very close to the experimental test, but also can describe the proper crack pattern

Evaluasi Penerapan Akuntansi untuk Belanja Modal Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 71 Tahun 2010 pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kota Manado

Otonomi dan desentralisasi menuntut Pemerintah Daerah untuk bisa mengelola dan mengatur keuangan daerahnya sendiri. Dalam menjalankan roda pemerintahan, Belanja daerah merupakan instrument penting karena belanja daerah merupakan pengeluaran yang digunakan untuk membiayai program dan kegiatan pemerintah.Menurut. Permendagri No. 17 tahun 2006. Tentang Prenggelolaan Keuangan Daerah. Belanja daerah adalah pengeluaran rekening kas umum negara/daerah yang mengurangi ekuitas dana lancar pemerintah dalam periode tahun anggaran yang bersangkutan. Berdasarkan PP No. 71 tahun 2010 belanja daerah terdiri dari belanja Operasi dan belanja Modal. Belanja modal adalah pengeluaran anggaran untuk pembelian/pengadaan aset tetap berwujud dan aset tetap lainnya yang memberi masa manfaat lebih dari satu periode akuntansi. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kota Manado. Metode analisis data adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menggambarkan penerapan akuntasi untuk belanja modal pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kota Manado. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan akuntansi untuk belanja modal pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kota Manado sudah sesuai dengan PP No 71 tahun 2010 . SebaiknyaPimpinan Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kota Manado menambah tenaga kerja yang memiliki kealian di bidang akuntansi agar dapat menghasilan laporan keuangan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kinerja institusi Kata kunci: akuntansi keuangan daerah, belanja daerah , belanja moda

The Effect of Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia on Oxidative Stress Status and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Rat Brain

Background: High altitude can cause hypobaric hypoxia (HH), resulted from the lower barometric pressure and hence partial pressure of oxygen. Hypoxia can lead to a lot of deleterious molecular and cellular changes, such as generation of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increasing of ROS can cause oxidative stress if the antioxidant enzyme does not increase simultaneously. Oxidative damage in brain has toxic effect on cognitive functions.Objective: In this study, we investigate effect of acute intermittent HH on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in rat brain.Method: Wistar rats divided into 5 groups, consisting control group and four experimental groups which treated to HH. Rats were exposed to simulated HH equivalent to 35.000 feet in hypobaric chamber for 1 minute, repeated once a week.Results: Level of malondialdehyde and carbonyl in rat brain under acute HH increased at HH exposure (group I) compare to control group. These levels decreased afterward at intermittent HH exposure (group II-IV). Specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) shows increasing level at intermittent HH exposure, especially group IV was increasing of SOD level significantly. The increasing pattern of specific activity of catalase was inversely from SOD pattern, but it still has higher activity in intermittent HH compare to control group.Conclusion: Brain tissue seems to be able to perform an adequate adaptive response to hypobaric hypoxia after the training, shown by its significantly decreased MDA and carbonyl level and also increased specific activity of SOD and catalase

Perencanaan Penggantian Jembatan Juwet Kabupaten Pemalang

Juwet Bridge is located approximately one kilometer to the south of Comal Bridge Pemalang District is one of the alternative bridges used when the Comal Bridge collapsed. In this final Juwet Bridge which has a width of only 3 meters is designed with a larger capacity and functioned as an alternative pathway Comal Bridge. Planning on aspects of traffic using a design life of 20 years with the growth of the vehicle based on a linear regression of 642 veh / year and using two scenarios, there are normal conditions (2 Comal Bridge function) and incidental conditions (only 1 Comal Bridge functioning). Initial planning, the alternative pathway using a type 2/2 UD. In normal conditions, the distribution of traffic flow 70% for Comal Bridge and 30% for Juwet Bridge produce a degree of saturation (DS) under 0.75 over the life of the plan. In the incidental conditions, the distribution of traffic flow 60% for Comal Bridge and 40% for Juwet Bridge, DS value is 0.81. Assuming then use 2/2 type UD with 8 meters wide still used. New Juwet Bridge continue to use steel as the structure and the upper structure of reinforced concrete for the structure underneath. Planned implementation within 8 months at a cost of Rp. 36.4 billion. In this final project scope of the planned bridge elements include work for the overall structure of the bridge and approach bridge. Given this new Juwet Bridge when congestion occurs on the Pantura line around Comal Bridge, the bridge is able to be an alternative pathway in servicing and reducing the burden of most of the traffic flow on the Pantura line