STUDY ON IMMUNOSTIMULATORY PROPERTY OF FEW SEAWEEDS INJECTED INTRAPERITONEALLY

Objective: Three type of seaweed was chosen for the study namely Gracilaria corticata, Ulva lactuca and Stocheospermum marginatum and was extracted with ethanol.Methods: The fishes [Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (weight 10±5g)] were divided into five groups. They were infected with A. hydrophila (1.6 × 104 CFU/fish). The infected three groups were injected with seaweed extract (0.20 mg) suspended in saline solution. One group was injected only saline control the other one group was injected with ciprofloxacin (0.20 mg) (standard) suspended in saline. The experiment was carried out for 28 d. Every seven days interval the fishes were injected with seaweed extract and blood parameters of RBC, WBC, HB, Ht, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were recorded.Results: The MCHC value of Gracilaria corticata was recorded in 28th day (29.28±1.15) g/l. In Stocheospermum marginatum, the MCHC value was found in (27.19±1.62) g/l on 28th day. The Ulva lactuca had a MCHC value of (26.80±2) g/l on 28th day.Conclusion: From this study, we can understand that the fish injected with seaweed extracts as good Immunostimulants properties. Â

FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED ANALYSIS OF ULVA LACTUCA AND GRACILARIA CORTICATA AND THEIR EFFECT ON ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

 In the present work, we used two seaweeds Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria corticata, which were collected from Hare Island in the Gulf of Mannar ofTuticorin coast. Ethanol was taken as the solvent for extraction. The crude extract was purified using column chromatography. Antibacterial activityof crude and column purified fractions were tested against Klebsiella, Aeromonas, Staphylococcus, Escherichia and Pseudomonas using well-diffusionmethod. Maximum zone of inhibition (9 mm) was found in the crude extract of G. corticata against Pseudomonas sp. Minimum zone of inhibition (4mm) was found in U. lactuca fraction1 against Escherichia coli. Highest antibacterial activity was obtained in red seaweed, whereas, green seaweedshowed less antibacterial activity. From this study, we can conclude that red seaweeds have more active than green seaweeds. The seaweed powderwas analyzed in Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. It was observed that both seaweed contained phenol and alcohol compounds, which wereresponsible for the antibacterial activity.Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Fourier transform infrared, Seaweeds, Ulva lactuca, Gracilaria corticata.Â

Komentar industri filem kita : permasalahan dan masa depannya / A. Razak Mohaideen

Walaupun situasi industri perfileman tanahair semakin memperlihatkan kemajuan, terutama dari aspek pungutan tiket dan sambutan penonton, industri ini masih berhadapan dengan pelbagai masalah, termasuklah aspek penayangan dan pengedaran. Komentar ini cuba melihatpermasalahan yang masih "membelenggu" industri filem tempatan dan juga masa depannya. Kedudukan Industri filem tempatan seolah-olah hidup segan mati tak mahu. Saya pasti ramai di luar sana yang tidak mengetahui keadaan sebenar permasalahan ini. Ramai pula yang hanya tahu menuding jari menyalahkan filem sendiri kerana tidak mampu "berdiri sama tinggi dan duduk sama rendah" dengan filem luar tanpa mengetahui kedudukan yang sebenarnya

EFFECTS OF EXTRACTS OF STOCHEOSPERMUM MARGINATUM AND ULVA LACTUCA ON THE HAEMATOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA INFECTED CYPRINUS CARPIO

Objective: Marine algae are the rich source of natural products with pharmacological and biological activities. In the present study the seaweeds Stocheospermum marginatum and Ulva lactuca extracts were used as a immuno stimulants of non-specific immune response in common carp were studied. Methods: The seaweeds Stocheospermum marginatum and Ulva lactuca chosen for the study and were extracted with ethanol. The fishes common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (weight 10±5g)] were divided into five groups. They were infected with A. hydrophila (1.6 × 104 CFU/fish). The infected fishes were injected with seaweeds extracts (0.30 mg) suspended in saline solution. One group was injected only saline (control) and one group was injected with ciprofloxacin (0.30 mg) (standard) suspended in saline. The experiment was carried out for 28 d. In every seven days interval the fishes were injected with seaweed extract and blood parameters of RBC, WBC, HB, Ht, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were recorded. Results: RBC was recorded on 28th day in group 3 (2.86±0.11×106 cells/mm3) followed by group 4 (2.13±0.04×106 cells/mm3). Similarly the WBC values also increase from initial day to final day. The phagocytic assay was same on 28th day in group 3 and group 4 (58.89±1.68). The lysozyme activity was more in group 3 on 28th day 1285±90.92 but the lowest activity recorded in group 4on 28th day 1205±34.35. The respiratory burst activity was higher in group 3 on 28th day 0.184±0.012. Overall results group 3 had the best activity when compared to others. Conclusion: From this study we can understand that the fish injected with seaweed extracts Stocheospermum marginatum and Ulva lactuca seweed as a good immunostimulant. The seaweeds Stoechospermum marginatum had alkaloids, phenol, quinone, saponin, steroid and terpenoid. Ulva lactuca containedalkaloids, sugar, flavenoid, phenol, quinone, steroid and terpenoid. These secondary metabolites were responsible for the immunostumilant activity

Assessment of Self-Esteem and Quality of Life in Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment

Objective: To assess the self-esteem and quality of life (QOL) in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) who were undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total sample of 300 individuals consisted of 150 patients with UCLP (Group I) and 150 normal controls (Group II) with an age range of 10–25 years, who were undergoing comprehensive orthodontic treatment from December 2016 to December 2018. The Self Esteem and QOL were assessed using the Rosenberg Self Esteem scale (RSE) and Modified Paediatric QOL Inventory Scale (M-PQOL), respectively, in Group I and II. Results: The comparison of overall mean scores of responses to RSE questionnaires showed nonsignificant differences for all the responses and was significant only for RSE 6 and RSE 8 in the age group of 10–15 years and 21–25 years, respectively, and nonsignificant for all other questions in all the age groups. The comparison of overall mean scores of M-PQOL for the total sample showed nonsignificant differences in Group I and II for physical functioning, emotional functioning, and school functioning domain, and were highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) in the social functioning domain and M-PQOL 12 and M-PQOL 21. Conclusions: This study demands a definite need of a psychologist/psychiatrist among the cleft care team to counsel the patients with cleft during orthodontic treatment for motivating them to gain self-respect and acceptance in the society as certain aspects, particularly social functioning domain made them feel different from normal children because of the functional and aesthetic problems

Finite Impulse Response Filter Design Using Fuzzy Logic-Based Diversity-Controlled Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution

The design of finite impulse response (FIR) filters involves the estimation of effective filter coefficients, making the designed filter exhibit infinite stopband attenuation and have a flat-shaped passband. The few conventional filter design methods such as impulse response truncation (IRT) and windowing technique exhibit undesirable characteristics owing to the Gibbs phenomenon, thus making them unsuitable for various practical complexities. This research work employs the fuzzy logic-based diversity-controlled self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm (FLDCSaDE) for the design of FIR band stop (BS) and high pass (HP) filters. In order to validate the results of the proposed technique, various population-based evolutionary computing techniques such as the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMAES), differential evolution (DE), self-adaptive differential evolution (SaDE), and Jaya algorithm have also been applied for determining the effective filter coefficients. The performance of the various algorithms has been analysed and compared based on the parameters such as stopband attenuation, passband attenuation, and ripples. The simulation results show that the FLDCSaDE algorithm outperforms other evolutionary algorithms having 4% and 1.5% lower ripples than the SaDE algorithm for high pass and band stop filters, respectively. Experimental results depict that the performance of the fuzzy approach causes positioning and tracking accuracy obtained to be improved by 27% and the corresponding false positive rate (FPR) is substantially reduced to 0.11 from the mean amplitude value obtained from the fuzzy approach in the frequency response. The frequency response obtained from the FLDCSaDE algorithm is close to the ideal response of the BS and HP FIR filters

Piezoelectric based broadband nonlinear vibration energy harvester using multiple magnets

The advancement of technology has made low-powered devices such as wireless sensor network powered using small battery become possible. However, this type of battery has limited lifespan and needed to be changed frequently which is not convenient when placed in remote area or harsh environment. Therefore, devices that can harvest energy from their surrounding are preferred. One of the famous method is by using piezoelectric transducer to scavenge ambient vibration energy. However, the piezoelectric harvester (PEH) usually has small bandwidth that it can operate. This paper proposed a PEH in the form of cantilever beam with a tip mass along with multiple fixed magnets in certain configuration. The proposed design uses external force by magnet to alter its stiffness and then due the nonlinearity effect introduced by magnets, the operating bandwidth of the PEH is increased. With proper configuration, the proposed design has improved bandwidth compared to PEH without any magnet. It is also found that power output of proposed PEH is relatively higher than conventional PEH which is about 1314 µW where this value is enough to power up low-powered device. In addition, the power per frequency of proposed PEH is 81.59 µW/Hz, which is about 64 percent higher than the PEH without any magnet