Rare Complications of Two Most Common Nerve Blocks: Posterior Superior Alveolar and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block: A Mini Review

Administration of local anesthetic agents is a safe procedure. However, various localized, distant and systemic complications have been reported. Posterior superior alveolar nerve block (PSAB) and inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) are the two most common nerve blocks in the jaws. In this mini review, we tend to describe rare complications of these two methods. Rare complications of IANB includenecrosis of the chin skin of, neuritis of the facial nerve, trismus, ischemia and blanching of skin, anemia in the face, numbness of the ear, diplopia , taste disturbance, infra condylar abscess, burning sensation in eye, reduction in visual acuity and atrophy of the optic nerve. Some Rare complications of PSA are diplopia, amaurosis, epiphoria, paralysis, esotropia, hematoma, pupillary dilation and ptosis, paresis of the lateral pterygoid muscle and trismus. Since complications of dental anesthesia are inevitable, their prevention and management are essential. Management of complications requires comprehensive knowledge regarding the management of complications and injection techniques to prevent these complication

Evaluation of Digital Library Services at Virtual Faculties of Universities in Iran from the Perspective of Graduate Students

This paper was conducted to evaluate digital library services of virtual faculties of Medical Universities in Iran from the perspective of graduate students of e-learning. This study was an applied survey conducted among graduate students studying in the virtual centers in Ministry of Health and Medical Education and Ministry of Science Research and Technology in 2017-2018. The instrument of the study was a questionnaire, the inter-item reliability of which was measured, by Cronbach\u27s alpha coefficient (0.90). The reliability was measured by using Pearson correlation coefficient (0.79). A sample size of 378 students was selected through Cochran formula and Morgan table. The data were collected through email, online and in-person. The study was performed in 9 months (June to February 2018) and 257 completed questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software version 18. The findings indicated 63.3 % and 36.2 % of participants belonged to MOHME and MOSRT .There were 44.7% of women and 54.9% of men. 79.3% of the virtual education centers of MOHME and 45.2% of the centers of MOSRT have been affiliated with the Central Library.The most used sources of information, in MOHME with 48.8% and in MOSRT with 63.4%, were databases. In MOHME with 31.1%, the main problem was the excessive amount of unrelated information on Internet sites, and in MOSRT with 53.8%, it was the limited availability and lending of resources from libraries with a significant level (pvalue\u3e0.001). Students in both groups used library resources aimed at doing homework assignments (MOHME was 76.8% MOSRT 57.3%), and theses (MOHME with 57.9% and MOSRT with 51.6%. Considering the results, specific measures should be taken to improve the access to online library resources and services for students. Resources such as textbooks, theses, relevant websites and required information of virtual students should be taken into consideration

Assessing Knowledge Translation in Iranian Medical Research Centres

Research centres have been always trying to promote their knowledge translation activities. Thus, understanding the status of knowledge translation in research centres is of high importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of knowledge translation in Iranian medical research centres to identify their weaknesses and strengths. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. To collect the data, we used a self-assessment tool which consisted of four domains: “research question”, “knowledge production”, “knowledge transfer”, and “the use of evidence”. Data was analyzed using SPSS and descriptive statistics. The mean score of “knowledge translation” in the studied research centres was 3.21 (SD= 0.69, Median= 3.29). “Knowledge production” obtained the highest score (M= of 3.6, SD= 0.72), followed by “knowledge transfer” (M=3.16, SD =0.76), “research question” (M=3.09, SD= 0.73), and “the use of evidence” (M= 2.95, SD= 0.98). Medical research centres had a proper situation in all aspects of knowledge translation. However, they should try to identify and prioritize the research questions of stakeholders and target groups by making more efficient relationship with them. They should also prepare appropriate reports of research results and should consider enough budgets for disseminating the reports among target groups and healthcare decision makers in order to allow them understand the actionable message of research results

Evaluation of Digital Library Services at Virtual Faculties of Universities in Iran from the Perspective of Graduate Students

This paper was conducted to evaluate digital library services of virtual faculties of Medical Universities in Iran from the perspective of graduate students of e-learning. This study was an applied survey conducted among graduate students studying in the virtual centers in Ministry of Health and Medical Education and Ministry of Science Research and Technology in 2017-2018. The instrument of the study was a questionnaire, the inter-item reliability of which was measured, by Cronbach\u27s alpha coefficient (0.90). The reliability was measured by using Pearson correlation coefficient (0.79). A sample size of 378 students was selected through Cochran formula and Morgan table. The data were collected through email, online and in-person. The study was performed in 9 months (June to February 2018) and 257 completed questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software version 18. The findings indicated 63.3 % and 36.2 % of participants belonged to MOHME and MOSRT .There were 44.7% of women and 54.9% of men. 79.3% of the virtual education centers of MOHME and 45.2% of the centers of MOSRT have been affiliated with the Central Library.The most used sources of information, in MOHME with 48.8% and in MOSRT with 63.4%, were databases. In MOHME with 31.1%, the main problem was the excessive amount of unrelated information on Internet sites, and in MOSRT with 53.8%, it was the limited availability and lending of resources from libraries with a significant level (pvalue\u3e0.001). Students in both groups used library resources aimed at doing homework assignments (MOHME was 76.8% MOSRT 57.3%), and theses (MOHME with 57.9% and MOSRT with 51.6%. Considering the results, specific measures should be taken to improve the access to online library resources and services for students. Resources such as textbooks, theses, relevant websites and required information of virtual students should be taken into consideration

The Spirituality Integration in Iranian Health Education: Best Lessons for Development: spirituality integration in Iranian health education

Background and Aim: In the recent decade, nursing and medical schools increasingly tend to incorporate spirituality education in curriculums. This study was conducted to determine the spiritual education status and the gaps in Iranian nursing and medical schools and identify the best interventional tools to improve. Materials and Methods: It was performed a descriptive-comparative research by using an advanced search in international and national databases to collect all related materials on spiritual education. Ethical Considerations: Moral rules such as honesty and integrity in the search, analysis, reporting of the searched literature, and citation of the sources were taken into consideration. Findings: The final sample comprised 48 articles concerning spirituality integration in nursing and medical education. According to didactic various aspects, the findings subdivided into the associated subjects including; spiritual care education status in nursing and medical schools, educational patterns, interventions evaluation, and Iranian studies assessment. Conclusion: There is a leading gap regarding the spirituality integration in nursing and medical curriculums in Iran, while the religious context and the centralized management of health education in Iran can be considered as appropriate opportunities for this aim. Based on the findings, the development of a structured educational system, sensitizing educational stakeholders, and their stimulation by competitive award programs can be considered to more effective integration of spiritual training in the health curricula. *Corresponding Author: Mahmoud Abbasi; Email: [email protected]; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4223-6818 Please cite this article as: Mehrabi M. Memaryan N. Mohaghegh N. Abbasi M. The Spirituality Integration in Iranian Health Education: Best Lessons for Development. Bioeth Health Law J. 2021; 1:1-9: (e16). http://doi.org/10.22037/bhl.v1i1.38167 &nbsp

Clinical residents' perception of clinical librarian services in Iranian teaching hospitals

Background. Clinical librarians have specialized search skills to search medical databases to provide clinicians with medical research information needed for evidence-based clinical decision making. However, the importance of cooperation between librarians and healthcare teams does not seem to be well-recognized by clinicians. Objectives. The present study aimed to shed light on the importance of the cooperation between medical librarians and healthcare teams by probing clinicians’ viewpoints and their familiarity with librarians’ service. Methods. The population comprised 890 clinical residents at teaching hospitals of the Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2016-2017. A questionnaire survey was carried out with 260 respondents. Results. A majority of the clinical residents did not use services provided by clinical librarians. However, some used the following services: changing treatment behavior based on evidence-based information (3.4%), obtaining evidence-based information (5.0%), accessing clinical guidelines (12.7%), and getting familiar with recent scientific discoveries (6.7%). The residents approved of the presence of librarians who have most of the professional skills necessary for cooperation. Contributions. The presence of clinical librarians with appropriate skills in the healthcare team can help resolve some problems clinical residents face while searching.Published versio