An Evaluation of Asymmetric and Symmetric Effects of Oil Exports Shocks on Non-Tradable Sector of Iranian Economy

This study analyzes the relationship between changes in crude oil exports and nontradable and tradable sections to investigate Dutch Disease syndrome in Iran by applying a rolling linear regression and a VAR approach. We find a co-movement of oil exports with construction and service variables from the rolling regression. The non-linear model reveals that oil exports movements cause asymmetric reaction of construction, service and other variables under study. The variance decomposition shows that crude oil exports contribute to the variability of the key variables. We find a strong relationship between oil exports changes and tradable sector. Decreases in oil exports appear to play a greater role in construction variation than oil exports increases. For variable of service, positive oil shock plays a considerable role as a source of variable fluctuations. Moreover, we observe Dutch Disease through reactions of key variables to oil exports changes.non-tradable sector, Dutch Disease, oil shocks, rolling regression, VAR

A Trigonometry Based Linear Form- Finding Method For Irregular Multi-Layer Prism Tensegrity

Prism tensegrity is one type of tensegrity system, is suitable for possible application in the field of civil and architectural engineering. The form-finding process of an irregular prism tensegrity is normally nonlinear due to the reason that the number of force equilibrium equations are less than the number of unknown parameters. The review of previously proposed methods of form-finding shows that none of them is practical for the form-finding of irregular prism tensegrity with a large number of members. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of presenting a practical form-finding method which is fast, accurate and able to satisfy designers’ requirements. Moreover, self-weight and external loads are known to affect final configuration of prism tensegrity which is neglected in the form-finding analysis. Prism tensegrities applied in the field of civil and architectural engineering are subjected to specified practical requirement of structure displacement and member deflection. Hence, this study also aimed at investigating the effect of initial stress and configuration on deformation of prism tensegrity under self-weight. In this research, trigonometry relation is used to connect length relation condition and force equilibrium equations in order to establish a linear approach of form-finding called trigonometry approach. The novel trigonometry approach for form-finding of irregular single layer prism tensegrity is firstly introduced. Then, the concept of connection and conjunction polygons necessary for form-finding of multi-layer prism tensegrity are presented, where a connection polygon is used to connect single layer prism tensegrities to form a multi-layer prism tensegrity. The established trigonometry approach for the form- finding of the single layer prism tensegrity is extended to form-finding of multi-layer prism tensegrity. A computational Excel tool for form-finding is developed based on the trigonometry approach. Eight numerical examples for irregular single layer and ten numerical examples for irregular multi-layer prism tensegrity were designed successfully using the developed computational Excel tool. In all of these examples, new configurations of prism tensegrities are presented for the first time and most of them are unsolvable by other available approaches. Nine numerical examples with variable configurations were designed by using the trigonometry approach proposed in this study and analysed using the Robot Structural Analysis. The self-weight and the external loads are applied on the models as distributed and nodal loads, respectively. The effect of initial stress and configuration on deformation of practically designed prism tensegrity under self-weight is investigated. Geometrical nonlinear analysis was carried out on nine different regular and irregular examples with different base polygon, number of layer and configuration under four different sets of initial member force and four different member cross sections. From the results of analysis, effects of number of side of the base polygon, number of layers, configuration, initial member force and member cross section of prism tensegrity on maximum joint displacement, member deflection, tensile and compression stress of members are obtained

The influence of Rumi’s thought on Whitman’s poetry

The word Sufi originates from a Persian word meaning wisdom and wisdom is the ultimate power. The following survey tries to explore this concept in the works of Rumi and its impact on the western writers and poets particularly Whitman. It tries to show how Whitman inspired from Rumi and came to be the messenger of Sufism in his poems. These poems reveal the depth of Sufi spirituality, the inner states of mystical love, and the Unity of Being through symbolic expressions. They also express aspects of Sufism and of traveling the Sufi path inaccessible in prose writing

A Note on the Union-closed Sets Conjecture

Let $M$ be a non-zero binary matrix with distinct rows where the rows are closed under certain logical operators. In this article, we investigate the existence of columns containing an equal or greater number of ones than zeros. Specifically, the existence of such columns when the rows of the matrix are closed under $\textit{material conditional}$ leads us to a weaker version of the $\textit{Union-Closed Set Conjecture}$.Comment: 11 page

Iranian Efl Learners’ Educational Psychology In English Language Contexts

Abstract: There are inherently relations between English language learning education and learners’ psychology. Learners possess their individual ways of comprehending and employing the language. Speaking in front and at the presence of others make them embarrassed and petrified in language classrooms. This matter causes the learners to behave in a particular psychological way either consciously or unconsciously through repetitions of some words or phrases, reveal sentences nervously, lack of confidence and produce ungrammatical sentences while communicating with others. As a result, language instructors need to apply remedial courses to unlock the challenging issues of the learners which influences on their relationship in the classroom. Treating students equally and proper counseling of every learner irrespective of their knowledge and a genuine assurance that they are equally important components of a language classroom are some of the techniques that can work wonders in mitigating these issues. This study tries to deal with the negative and positive psychological treatments EFL learners may reveal in various foreign language classrooms which pose as challenges to language educators and tries to manage these issues with some remedial courses and prospects

The philosophy of structuralism in language and linguistics

Structuralism underlies on the concepts that every system possesses a structure, that structure determines the position of every element of a whole, that structural rules deal with coexistence than changes, and that structures are the "real things" underlying the surface of meaning. In language and linguistic studies, structuralism includes collecting a corpus of utterances and then attempting to classify all of the elements of the corpus at their different linguistic level

Maintaining Views as an Effort to Protect Oneself: Study of Takhrij and Syarah Hadith

This study aims to discuss the hadith about maintaining views. This study uses a qualitative approach by applying the descriptive-analytical method. The formal object of this research is the science of hadith, while the material object is the hadith about keeping an eye on the history of Bukhari no. 6832. The results and discussion of this study indicate that the status of hadith is of authentic quality that meets the qualifications of maqbul ma'mul bih for the practice of Islam. This study concludes that the hadith narrated by Bukhari no. 6832 is relevant to be used as a reminder to ourselves that maintaining that view is very important for personal benefit