Viro: The Future of Online Learning Interfaces

poster abstractThe need for a virtual classroom in which the professor and students can discuss and interact in real time is a paramount consideration regarding the future of online learning. The pervasive nature of online coursework has exposed deficiencies in monitoring the integrity of the student work and maintaining a student to instructor connection similar to live classes. The purpose of this project is to address these deficiencies by developing, Viro, a more realistic virtual classroom. Viro is designed to address the most common deficiencies citied by educators and students in past studies of currently available online education platforms: identification, work sharing, timely communication, and customization. Viro will provide authenticated attendance using identification provided by a school’s current authentication and authorization systems, application and screen sharing, where the professor or student may share their computer screens in order to provide examples or receive immediate feedback, group and individual messaging that allows the professor to address questions to an individual or the entire class, and a development platform allowing customization of the Viro to meet an instructor’s requirements. With an emphasis on education, the Viro’s design incorporates images and graphics that are commonly associated with learning, such as binders, folders, and bulletin boards, creating a familiar interface that mimics classroom and study environments. These aesthetics not only contribute to Viro’s design, but also play a part in it being easily understandable by a large number of users. The arrangements of its different components work in line with its pages’ aesthetics to progress towards a future of ideal online education. After a functional prototype of Viro is created, testing by larger numbers of students and educators will commence in phases

Essences loaded in nanoparticles for a successful dermal therapy

Essential oils are complex blends of a variety of volatile molecules such as terpenoids, phenol-derived aromatic components,interest in pharmaceutical, cosmetic. essential oils have been widely used for bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, antiparasitical, insecticidal, and other medicinal properties .sedative, anti-inflmmatory, spasmolytic, and locally anaesthetic remedies. In this review their nano structures  in drug delivery system for dermal therapy  has been proposed.Two categories of nanocarriers can be proposed: polymeric nanoparticulate formulations, extensively studied with signifiant improvement of the essential oil antimicrobial activity, and lipid carriers, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid particles, and nano- and microemulsions. Introduction: Essential oils are hydrophobic components derived of plant .They are unstable.Nanotechnology is a big boon for dermal product. the application of nanotechnology in the fild of dermatology is the Nanodermatology.In this review after an introduction of nanotechnology, we will describe  various types of nanoparticles containing essences for dermal therapy Methods:One possible solutions for increasing stability of nano essences is nanoencapsulation. encapsulating menthapiperita in chitosan formulations is the most common .Nanoemulsions are used for cumin and rice bran lemongrass,lemon,lemon myrtle,oregano, sage,thyme,clove and tea.The common methods in nanoemulsion preparation are homogenization and ultrasonication. Nanoemulsions of pine nut oil was used in the encapsulation of paclitaxel Betulin inhibits the formation of new capillaries.This activity was further enhanced using nanoemulsion formulation.rosemary EO was loaded into lipid nanoparticles (NLCs) consisting of cetyl palmitate as a solid lipid, and non-ionic surfactants. SLNs containing Z. multiflora were prepared.Hydro distillation is the common method of producing essential oils.DLS and PCS used for measuring particle size.also The PH is determined by pH meter. Results :the encapsulation of piperita essence into chitosan has been successful for antibacterial therapy..A transdermal nanoemulsion formulation of cumin essential oil showed effctive invitro and invivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. A rice bran oil nanoemulsion protected the stability and antioxidant effct of the propolis extract. A soybean oil based nanoemulsion caused 90% inactivation of Bacillus spores. Essential oils of lemongrass,lemon,lemon myrtle,oregano, sage,thyme,clove and tea tree are known to exhibit antimicrobial activity.In rosemary therapy Skin elasticity increased. for the treatment of cutaneous alterations.Betulin nanoemulsion tested on  mouse skin reduced skin lesions . that the combinational effcts of nanoemulsion encapsulated PTX and CER showed higher cytotoxic effcts in brain tumor cells .SLNs carriers for Z. multiflora essential oil ,control the fungal pathogens. (SLN) Containing Juniper Oil as Anti-Acne Topical Carriers. Conclusions: The combinational effcts of essences and nano careers would demonstrate enhanced efficy to a greater extent. Moreover, this could serve as an effctive drug delivery system with targeted site of action. Ths could meet the patient’s compliance in a better way. it could be used as an alternative tomstandard/conventional antibiotic therapy and chemotherapy by minimizing dosage concentration and by limiting multiple dose. &nbsp

The global, regional, and national burden of oesophageal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017

© 2020 The Author(s). Background Oesophageal cancer is a common and often fatal cancer that has two main histological subtypes: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Updated statistics on the incidence and mortality of oesophageal cancer, and on the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by the disease, can assist policy makers in allocating resources for prevention, treatment, and care of oesophageal cancer. We report the latest estimates of these statistics for 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017, by age, sex, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD). Methods We used data from vital registration systems, vital registration-samples, verbal autopsy records, and cancer registries, combined with relevant modelling, to estimate the mortality, incidence, and burden of oesophageal cancer from 1990 to 2017. Mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) were estimated and fed into a Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) including risk factors. MIRs were used for mortality and non-fatal modelling. Estimates of DALYs attributable to the main risk factors of oesophageal cancer available in GBD were also calculated. The proportion of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma to all oesophageal cancers was extracted by use of publicly available data, and its variation was examined against SDI, the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index, and available risk factors in GBD that are specific for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (eg, unimproved water source and indoor air pollution) and for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease). Findings There were 473 000 (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI] 459 000-485 000) new cases of oesophageal cancer and 436 000 (425 000-448 000) deaths due to oesophageal cancer in 2017. Age-standardised incidence was 5.9 (5.7-6.1) per 100 000 population and age-standardised mortality was 5.5 (5.3-5.6) per 100 000. Oesophageal cancer caused 9.78 million (9.53-10.03) DALYs, with an age-standardised rate of 120 (117-123) per 100 000 population. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised incidence decreased by 22.0% (18.6-25.2), mortality decreased by 29.0% (25.8-32.0), and DALYs decreased by 33.4% (30.4-36.1) globally. However, as a result of population growth and ageing, the total number of new cases increased by 52.3% (45.9-58.9), from 310 000 (300 000-322 000) to 473 000 (459 000-485 000); the number of deaths increased by 40.0% (34.1-46.3), from 311 000 (301 000-323 000) to 436 000 (425 000-448 000); and total DALYs increased by 27.4% (22.1-33.1), from 7.68 million (7.42-7.97) to 9.78 million (9.53-10.03). At the national level, China had the highest number of incident cases (235 000 [223 000-246 000]), deaths (213 000 [203 000-223 000]), and DALYs (4.46 million [4.25-4.69]) in 2017. The highest national-level agestandardised incidence rates in 2017 were observed in Malawi (23.0 [19.4-26.5] per 100 000 population) and Mongolia (18.5 [16.4-20.8] per 100 000). In 2017, age-standardised incidence was 2.7 times higher, mortality 2.9 times higher, and DALYs 3.0 times higher in males than in females. In 2017, a substantial proportion of oesophageal cancer DALYs were attributable to known risk factors: tobacco smoking (39.0% [35.5-42.2]), alcohol consumption (33.8% [27.3-39.9]), high BMI (19.5% [6.3-36.0]), a diet low in fruits (19.1% [4.2-34.6]), and use of chewing tobacco (7.5% [5.2-9.6]). Countries with a low SDI and HAQ Index and high levels of indoor air pollution had a higher proportion of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma to all oesophageal cancer cases than did countries with a high SDI and HAQ Index and with low levels of indoor air pollution. Interpretation Despite reductions in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, oesophageal cancer remains a major cause of cancer mortality and burden across the world. Oesophageal cancer is a highly fatal disease, requiring increased primary prevention efforts and, possibly, screening in some high-risk areas. Substantial variation exists in age-standardised incidence rates across regions and countries, for reasons that are unclear