159 research outputs found
Probing Ganymede's atmosphere with HST Ly images in transit of Jupiter
We report results from far-ultraviolet observations by the Hubble Space
Telescope of Jupiter's largest moon Ganymede transiting across the planet's
dayside hemisphere. {Within} a targeted campaign on 9 September 2021 two
exposures were taken during one transit passage to probe for attenuation of
Jupiter's hydrogen Lyman- dayglow above the moon limb. The background
dayglow is slightly attenuated over an extended region around Ganymede, with
stronger attenuation in the second exposure when Ganymede was near the planet's
center. In the first exposure when the moon was closer to Jupiter's limb, the
effects from the Ganymede corona are hardly detectable, likely because the
Jovian Lyman- dayglow is spectrally broader and less intense at this
viewing geometry. The obtained vertical H column densities of around
~cm are consistent with previous results.
Constraining angular variability around Ganymede's disk, we derive an upper
limit on a local HO column density of ~cm, such
as could arise from outgassing plumes in regions near the observed moon limb
Effect of process parameter on tensile properties of FDM printed PLA
In recent years, 3D printing has contributed to developing new materials and applications, owing to its technological flexibility and distinct characteristics. Polylactic Acid (PLA) polymer samples have been produced using one of the additive manufacturing (AM) processes called fused deposition modelling (FDM). However, poor mechanical characteristics are the most prevalent problem due to the processing parameter when parts are fabricated with FDM. The research aims to study the tensile properties of PLA by varying the processing parameter. In this study, PLA material was used due to its biocompatibility properties. This research is to analyze and compare the tensile properties of 3D printed samples by varying the infill density and raster angle. The change in the circumstances has a discernible impact on the tensile strength based on varied infill densities and raster angles. The results show that infill density of 100% and 45° raster angle performs better tensile strength than 50% and 75% infill density. Hence, it can be concluded that the tensile strength of the printed samples has a noticeable effect when the processing parameters vary
Thermo-mechanical properties of ABS/stainless steel composite using FDM
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) process is the most common and traditional additive manufacturing methods for producing complicated three-dimensional (3D) samples from computer-aided design data at a cheaper cost than alternative methods. However, when compared to other common plastic production processes, such as injection moulding, FDM produced parts results in low mechanical properties. Hence, the objective of this study is to produce composite filament using stainless steel (SS) as filler material to enhance the mechanical properties of ABS. ABS is a petroleum based thermoplastic that commonly used in FDM. The production of metal/polymer composites utilising ABS as the matrix and varied SS powder compositions was studied in this work. ABS/SS composite filaments containing 5, 10 wt% SS powder were developed in this experiment to compare with pure ABS for the FDM process. The result shows that the higher the composition of SS powder the lower the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength where 10 wt% SS shows 38.42 MPa in ultimate tensile strength while for yield strength it shows 24.32 MPa. Meanwhile, 10 wt% SS filament has better elongation which is 18.28 % compare to pure ABS that is 9.89 % and 13.3 % for 5 wt% SS. Thus, the percentage of filler plays an important role in determining the properties of ABS
Callisto's Atmosphere and Its Space Environment: Prospects for the Particle Environment Package on Board JUICE
The JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) of the European Space Agency will investigate Jupiter and its icy moons Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, with the aim to better understand the origin and evolution of our Solar System and the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants. The Particle Environment Package (PEP) on board JUICE is designed to measure neutrals and ions and electrons at thermal, suprathermal, and radiation belt energies (eV to MeV). In the vicinity of Callisto, PEP will characterize the plasma environment, the outer parts of Callisto's atmosphere and ionosphere and their interaction with Jupiter's dynamic magnetosphere. Roughly 20 Callisto flybys with closest approaches between 200 and 5,000 km altitude are planned over the course of the JUICE mission. In this article, we review the state of the art regarding Callisto's ambient environment and magnetospheric interaction with recent modeling efforts for Callisto's atmosphere and ionosphere. Based on this review, we identify science opportunities for the PEP observations to optimize scientific insight gained from the foreseen JUICE flybys. These considerations will inform both science operation planning of PEP and JUICE and they will guide future model development for Callisto's atmosphere, ionosphere, and their interaction with the plasma environment
Design and construction of the MicroBooNE Cosmic Ray Tagger system
The MicroBooNE detector utilizes a liquid argon time projection chamber
(LArTPC) with an 85 t active mass to study neutrino interactions along the
Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. With a deployment location near ground
level, the detector records many cosmic muon tracks in each beam-related
detector trigger that can be misidentified as signals of interest. To reduce
these cosmogenic backgrounds, we have designed and constructed a TPC-external
Cosmic Ray Tagger (CRT). This sub-system was developed by the Laboratory for
High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein center for fundamental physics,
University of Bern. The system utilizes plastic scintillation modules to
provide precise time and position information for TPC-traversing particles.
Successful matching of TPC tracks and CRT data will allow us to reduce
cosmogenic background and better characterize the light collection system and
LArTPC data using cosmic muons. In this paper we describe the design and
installation of the MicroBooNE CRT system and provide an overview of a series
of tests done to verify the proper operation of the system and its components
during installation, commissioning, and physics data-taking
A Deep Neural Network for Pixel-Level Electromagnetic Particle Identification in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber
We have developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) that can make a
pixel-level prediction of objects in image data recorded by a liquid argon time
projection chamber (LArTPC) for the first time. We describe the network design,
training techniques, and software tools developed to train this network. The
goal of this work is to develop a complete deep neural network based data
reconstruction chain for the MicroBooNE detector. We show the first
demonstration of a network's validity on real LArTPC data using MicroBooNE
collection plane images. The demonstration is performed for stopping muon and a
charged current neutral pion data samples
Ionization Electron Signal Processing in Single Phase LArTPCs II. Data/Simulation Comparison and Performance in MicroBooNE
The single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) provides a
large amount of detailed information in the form of fine-grained drifted
ionization charge from particle traces. To fully utilize this information, the
deposited charge must be accurately extracted from the raw digitized waveforms
via a robust signal processing chain. Enabled by the ultra-low noise levels
associated with cryogenic electronics in the MicroBooNE detector, the precise
extraction of ionization charge from the induction wire planes in a
single-phase LArTPC is qualitatively demonstrated on MicroBooNE data with event
display images, and quantitatively demonstrated via waveform-level and
track-level metrics. Improved performance of induction plane calorimetry is
demonstrated through the agreement of extracted ionization charge measurements
across different wire planes for various event topologies. In addition to the
comprehensive waveform-level comparison of data and simulation, a calibration
of the cryogenic electronics response is presented and solutions to various
MicroBooNE-specific TPC issues are discussed. This work presents an important
improvement in LArTPC signal processing, the foundation of reconstruction and
therefore physics analyses in MicroBooNE.Comment: 54 pages, 36 figures; the first part of this work can be found at
arXiv:1802.0870
Ionization Electron Signal Processing in Single Phase LArTPCs I. Algorithm Description and Quantitative Evaluation with MicroBooNE Simulation
We describe the concept and procedure of drifted-charge extraction developed
in the MicroBooNE experiment, a single-phase liquid argon time projection
chamber (LArTPC). This technique converts the raw digitized TPC waveform to the
number of ionization electrons passing through a wire plane at a given time. A
robust recovery of the number of ionization electrons from both induction and
collection anode wire planes will augment the 3D reconstruction, and is
particularly important for tomographic reconstruction algorithms. A number of
building blocks of the overall procedure are described. The performance of the
signal processing is quantitatively evaluated by comparing extracted charge
with the true charge through a detailed TPC detector simulation taking into
account position-dependent induced current inside a single wire region and
across multiple wires. Some areas for further improvement of the performance of
the charge extraction procedure are also discussed.Comment: 60 pages, 36 figures. The second part of this work can be found at
arXiv:1804.0258
Synchrony and Physiological Arousal Increase Cohesion and Cooperation in Large Naturalistic Groups
Separate research streams have identified synchrony and arousal as two factors that might contribute to the effects of human rituals on social cohesion and cooperation. But no research has manipulated these variables in the field to investigate their causal – and potentially interactive – effects on prosocial behaviour. Across four experimental sessions involving large samples of strangers, we manipulated the synchronous and physiologically arousing affordances of a group marching task within a sports stadium. We observed participants’ subsequent movement, grouping, and cooperation via a camera hidden in the stadium’s roof. Synchrony and arousal both showed main effects, predicting larger groups, tighter clustering, and more cooperative behaviour in a free-rider dilemma. However, synchrony and arousal interacted on measures of clustering and cooperation: such that synchrony only encouraged closer clustering — and encouraged greater cooperation—when paired with physiological arousal. The research has implications for understanding the nature and co-occurrence of synchrony and physiological arousal in rituals around the world. It also represents the first use of real-time spatial tracking as a precise and naturalistic method of simulating collective rituals
Rejecting cosmic background for exclusive neutrino interaction studies with Liquid Argon TPCs; a case study with the MicroBooNE detector
Cosmic ray (CR) interactions can be a challenging source of background for
neutrino oscillation and cross-section measurements in surface detectors. We
present methods for CR rejection in measurements of charged-current
quasielastic-like (CCQE-like) neutrino interactions, with a muon and a proton
in the final state, measured using liquid argon time projection chambers
(LArTPCs). Using a sample of cosmic data collected with the MicroBooNE
detector, mixed with simulated neutrino scattering events, a set of event
selection criteria is developed that produces an event sample with minimal
contribution from CR background. Depending on the selection criteria used a
purity between 50% and 80% can be achieved with a signal selection efficiency
between 50% and 25%, with higher purity coming at the expense of lower
efficiency. While using a specific dataset from the MicroBooNE detector and
selection criteria values optimized for CCQE-like events, the concepts
presented here are generic and can be adapted for various studies of exclusive
{\nu}{\mu} interactions in LArTPCs.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, 1 tabl
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