6,116 research outputs found
Economically significant diseases of cattle in the former GDR - causes and control
Titelblatt, Abkürzungsverzeichnis, Inhaltsverzeichnis
1\. Einleitung
2\. Material und Methodik
3\. Situation der Landwirtschaft und Agrarpolitik auf dem Gebiet der DDR
4\. Chronologische Darstellung der tiergesundheitlichen Situation in den
Rinderbeständen der DDR
5\. Zusammenfassende Diskussion
6\. Zusammenfassung
7\. Summary
8\. Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis
9\. Anhang
10\. Lebenslauf
Erklärung und DanksagungIn dieser Arbeit wird ein Überblick über die Entwicklung wirtschaftlich
bedeutsamer Erkrankungen des Rindes auf dem Gebiet der ehemaligen Deutschen
Demokratischen Republik von 1946 bis 1989 gegeben. Dazu wurde die zugängliche
Literatur gesichtet und nach Zeitabschnitten geordnet ausgewertet. Die Wahl
der Zeitabschnitte orientiert sich an der Entwicklung der DDR-Landwirtschaft,
die in kurzer Form dargestellt wird.
Im Laufe des betrachteten Zeitraumes änderte sich die tiergesundheitliche
Situation in den Rinderbeständen grundlegend. Während zu Beginn Tierseuchen
und Deckinfektionen die bedeutendsten Rindererkrankungen waren, nahmen gegen
Ende nichtinfektiöse, vor allem fütterungsbedingte, Erkrankungen und
infektiöse Faktorenkrankheiten diese Stelle ein. Von 1946 bis 1989 wurden in
der DDR Rindertuberkulose, Rinderbrucellose, Trichomoniasis, Vibriosis und
Dassellarvenbefall getilgt. Zwischen der Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft und
den Erkrankungsschwerpunkten lassen sich eindeutige Beziehungen herstellen.
Offenstallhaltung, Bildung von Großbeständen und industriemäßige Rinderhaltung
verursachten spezifische tiergesundheitliche Probleme.
Die Bekämpfung wirtschaftlich bedeutsamer Erkrankungen des Rindes erfolgte in
der DDR durch ein umfangreiches staatliches Veterinärwesen unter zentraler
staatlicher Leitung und Koordination. Die Wirksamkeit dieses Systems war
insbesondere in der Tierseuchenbekämpfung gut, wurde aber durch die begrenzten
ökonomischen Kapazitäten der DDR eingeschränkt. Bei der Bekämpfung von
Tierseuchen und Parasitosen wurde vor allem administrativ vorgegangen. Gegen
Tuberkulose, Brucellose, Dassellarvenbefall, Gelben Galt und Leukose wurden
Flächensanierungsprogramme mit Erfolg angewendet. Es zeigte sich, daß
Rückschläge in der Tierseuchenbekämpfung häufig durch Unsicherheiten in der
Diagnostik verursacht wurden. Zur Überwachung der Herdensituation bezüglich
Fruchtbarkeit und Stoffwechselgesundheit wurden Verfahren entwickelt und in
Großbeständen eingesetzt. Die hierzu geschaffenen umfangreichen
wissenschaftlichen Vorarbeiten könnten und sollten ebenso wie veterinär- und
seuchenhygienische Grundanforderungen Eingang in eine prophylaktisch
orientierte tierärztliche Betreuung von Rinderbeständen finden.This study is a review of the development of economically significant diseases
of cattle within the territory of the former German Democratic Republic from
1946 to 1989. The available literature was screened and evaluated according to
certain time periods. These time periods were based on the development of GDR-
agriculture, which is briefly summarized.
The state of animal health in live stock cattle changed significantly during
the course of the study period. In the beginning epidemics and venereal
diseases were the most important cattle diseases, whereas towards the end,
non-infectious diseases, particularly nutritional disorders, and
multifactorial infectious diseases took this place. Bovine tuberculosis,
brucellosis, trichomoniasis, vibriosis and warble fly infestation were
eradicated in the GDR from 1946 to 1989. A significant relationship can be
established between the development of agriculture and the main foci of
diseases. Freestall housing, the foundation of large-scale live stock
enterprises and industrialized cattle production caused specific animal health
problems.
Control of economically significant cattle diseases in the GDR was performed
by an extensive public veterinary service under central government guidance
and coordination. The efficiency of this system was high, especially in
controlling epidemics, but it was restricted to the limited economic
capacities of the GDR. The control of animal epidemics and parasitoses was
mainly performed in an administrative manner. Area sanitation programmes were
successfully applied for tuberculosis, brucellosis, warble fly infestation,
mastitis agalactiae and leucosis. It was shown, that set-backs in controlling
animal epidemics were often caused by uncertainties in diagnostic measures. To
supervise the herd health situation relative to fertility and metabolic herd
health, specific procedures were developed and applied in large live stock
farms. The extensive scientific preparatory works on this matter as well as
basic veterinary and epidemic hygienic demands, could and should be used in a
prophylactically orientated veterinary care of cattle enterprises
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