ミャンマーの水産発酵食品の有用微生物

東京海洋大学博士学位論文 平成26年度(2014) 応用生命科学 課程博士 甲第351号指導教員: 小林武志全文公表年月日: 2017-07-13東京海洋大学201

Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics and genetic diversity of widely consumed rice varieties in Kyaukse area, Myanmar

Consumer preferences are greatly influenced by eating and cooking qualities of rice grains, along with the economic value of a specific rice variety. This study was to evaluate ten rice varieties including the check variety IR64 on their physicochemical, cooking and eating qualities as well as to identify their genetic diversity using SSR markers. Most rice varieties are medium-grain types based on length-breadth ratio, whereas the famous Myanmar rice variety, Paw San Bay Kyar, (PSBK) is bold. PSBK showed the best cooking and eating quality traits with intermediate amylose content (AC), intermediate gelatinization temperature (GT), soft gel consistency (GC), and the highest elongation ratio among the studied rice varieties. Seventeen SSR markers linked with cooking and eating traits were used to assess the extent of polymorphism and genetic variation among ten rice varieties. There were 49 alleles in total, with an average of 2.88 alleles per locus. RM592 had the maximum number of alleles. The average PIC value ranged from 0.22 (RM540) to 0.77 (RM592). Cluster analysis with UPGMA method based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient divided ten rice varieties into two main groups and four sub-clusters. In multiple regression analysis, RM190 and Wx primers were discovered to be significantly associated with AC, GC and GT of cooking and eating quality traits. This study could contribute to the choice of rice varieties with superior cooking and eating qualities for rice breeding programs by implementing physicochemical characteristics and molecular analysis

Perception of tomorrow’s Health-Care connoisseur and front-runners of their educational environment utilizing DREEM inventory in Bahasa Melayu version, the native language of Malaysia

Background There have been a lot of reports throughout the world that medical students were abused during their undergraduate education and clerkship training. Thereafter, calls for intensifying the evaluation of medical and health schools’ curricula based on students’ perceptions of their educational environment. Several studies, methods, and instruments were developed including the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory, to evaluate the medical educational environment in last five decades. The DREEM inventory has been translated into minimum eight different native tongues namely Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Persian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish. Aims The objective of this study was to assess the educational environment of the UniSZA undergraduate medical program from the students’ perspective utilizing the DREEM inventory translated in Bahasa Melayu. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted among the medical students of session 2015-2016 to assess educational environment of the Faculty of Medicine, UniSZA. The study was conducted from December 2015 to January 2016. Universal sampling technique was adopted. Results A total of 277 (95.5 per cent) out of 290 students responded to the questionnaire; among them 27.4 per cent were male and 72.6 per cent were female respondents. The overall mean DREEM scores for both preclinical and clinical students were 67.41±24.06. The scores for pre-clinical and clinical were 64.02±25.10 and 69.65±23.15 respectively; however, no statistically significant (p=0.57) differences was observed between two phases. A significant difference was observed between gender of the respondents in students’ perceptions of teachers (p=0.005) and students’ social self-perceptions (p=0.046)

Prevalence and seroprevalence of Plasmodium infection in Myanmar reveals highly heterogeneous transmission and a large hidden reservoir of infection.

Malaria incidence in Myanmar has significantly reduced over recent years, however, completeness and timeliness of incidence data remain a challenge. The first ever nationwide malaria infection and seroprevalence survey was conducted in Myanmar in 2015 to better understand malaria epidemiology and highlight gaps in Annual Parasite Index (API) data. The survey was a cross-sectional two-stage stratified cluster-randomised household survey conducted from July-October 2015. Blood samples were collected from household members for ultra-sensitive PCR and serology testing for P. falciparum and P. vivax. Data was gathered on demography and a priori risk factors of participants. Data was analysed nationally and within each of four domains defined by API data. Prevalence and seroprevalence of malaria were 0.74% and 16.01% nationwide, respectively. Prevalent infection was primarily asymptomatic P. vivax, while P. falciparum was predominant in serology. There was large heterogeneity between villages and by domain. At the township level, API showed moderate correlation with P. falciparum seroprevalence. Risk factors for infection included socioeconomic status, domain, and household ownership of nets. Three K13 P. falciparum mutants were found in highly prevalent villages. There results highlight high heterogeneity of both P. falciparum and P. vivax transmission between villages, accentuated by a large hidden reservoir of asymptomatic P. vivax infection not captured by incidence data, and representing challenges for malaria elimination. Village-level surveillance and stratification to guide interventions to suit local context and targeting of transmission foci with evidence of drug resistance would aid elimination efforts

Durability of bamboo-glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix hybrid composites. (Part 2 of 2: chapter 8 to 10)

The objective of this thesis is to develop a fabrication method, and to characterize the performance of short bamboo-glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composite (BGRP).Doctor of Philosophy (SME

Durability of bamboo-glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix hybrid composites (Part 1 of 2: chapter 1 to 7)

The objective of this thesis is to develop a fabrication method, and to characterize the performance of short bamboo-glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composite (BGRP).Doctor of Philosophy (SME

Collection, Characterization and Evaluation of Eggplant (Solanum spp.) Germplasm in Myanmar

In Myanmar, the specific attempt in collection and identification of eggplant germplasm was rarely found. To identify the morpho-physiological diversity of 40 germplasm, the experiment was conducted at Horticulture Section, Department of Agricultural Research (DAR), Yezin from May to October, 2016. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Morpho-physiological divergence among 40 eggplant germplasm was estimated using cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). The germplams were grouped into four clusters. No clear association was observed between geographic origin and genetic diversity. Cluster I included 25 germplsm and scattered into this cluster, and which were early in days to first harvest. Cluster IV included only one germplasm and larger fruit size. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and IV followed by that cluster I and II, suggesting a large distance between these clusters or groups of germplasm. From these findings, the germplasm of the cluster I and IV had the maximum common gene complexes and the magnitude of heterosis largely depended on the degree of genetic diversity in the germplasm. Populations with high scores for the first eigenvectors are leaf width, leaf length, fruit length, corolla color and fruit length/breadth ratio were the most important contributors towards diversity of the germplasm in PC1. The second eigenvector was mostly connected with scores of days to first harvest, fruit weight, fruit breadth and 100 seeds weight were the second most important contributors among the 31 traits for 40 germplasm. The first PC explained 17.071 % of variability and the second PC explained 13.532 %, totally 30.603% of the total variability among 40 germplasm based on 31 traits. Finally, the eggplant germplasm were separately isolated from the others and they were away from centroid. These results showed their uniqueness and divergence of the germplasm in respect to the measured 31 traits. Thus, discrimination of eggplant germplasm based on multiple traits by cluster analysis provided the insight of varietal evolution and adaptation