Comparison of in vitro erosion protocols in bovine teeth to simulate natural erosion lesion: analysis of mechanical properties and surface gloss

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare two in vitro erosion protocols, in which one simulates in vivo conditions experienced by patients with gastroesophageal disorders or bulimia (HCl-pepsin protocol), and the other simulates the diet of an individual who consumes a high volume of erosive beverages (citric acid protocol). In addition, the mechanical properties and surface gloss of eroded human dentin were compared with those of sound human dentin. Materials and Methods: Blocks of cervical dentin were used: sound human dentin (n=10), human dentin with erosive lesions (n=10), and bovine dentin (n=30). Twenty bovine blocks were subjected to either of two erosion protocols (n=10/protocol). In the first protocol, samples were demineralized using HCl-pepsin solution, then treated with trypsin solution. In the second protocol, samples were demineralized with 2% citric acid. Toothbrushing was performed in both protocols using a toothbrushing machine (15 s with a 150 g load). Ten bovine dentin blocks were not subjected to any erosive treatment. All samples of bovine and human dentin were analyzed to obtain Martens hardness values (MH), elastic modulus (Eit*) and surface gloss. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were performed to analyze the data (α=0.05). Results: Sound human and eroded human dentin groups showed similar MH and Eit* values (p>0.05); however, sound human dentin showed a higher surface gloss value when compared to eroded human dentin (p<0.05). Sound bovine dentin and HCl-pepsin-treated bovine dentin treatments resulted in similar values for both MH and Eit* (p>0.05), but HClpepsin-treated bovine dentin and citric acid-treated bovine dentin resulted in lower surface gloss than sound bovine dentin (p<0.05). Conclusions: The HCl-pepsin protocol modified bovine dentin properties that could be similar to those that occur on human dentin surfaces with erosive lesions

Effects of different toothpastes on the prevention of erosion in composite resin and glass ionomer cement enamel and dentin restorations

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different toothpastes on the surface wear of enamel, dentin, composite resin (CR), and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and to perform a topographic analysis of the surfaces, based on representative images generated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) after erosion-abrasion cycles. Methodology: One hundred and forty bovine incisors were collected and divided into two groups: 72 enamel and 72 dentin blocks (4×4 mm). Half of the specimens were restored with CR (Filtek Z350 XT) and the other half with RMGIC (Fuji II LC). Then, samples were submitted to a demineralization cycle (5 days, 4×2 min/day, 1% citric acid, pH 3.2) and exposed to three different toothpastes (2×15 s/day): without fluoride (WF, n=12), sodium fluoride-based (NaF, n=12), and stannous fluoride-based (SnF2, n=12). Surface wear, as well as restoration interfaces wear, were investigated by profilometry of the dental substrates and restorative materials. All representative surfaces underwent AFM analysis. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests (α=0.05). Results: NaF-based toothpaste caused the greater dentin surface wear (p<0.05). Toothpastes affected only enamel-restoration interfaces. AFM analysis showed precipitate formation in dentinal tubules caused by the use of fluoride toothpastes. Conclusions: NaF-based toothpastes had no protective effect on enamel adjacent to CR and RMGIC against erosion-abrasion challenges, nor on dentin adjacent to RMGIC material. SnF2-based toothpastes caused more damage to interfaces between enamel and RMGIC

Effect of different conditions and modes of application on bond strength of adhesives to dentine

Objetivo: Evaluar la resistencia de la unión microtensil en diferentes condiciones de dentina (grabado-E, sin grabado-N, seco-D y húmedo-W) de un adhesivo multimodo (Scotchbond Universal-SU, 3M/ESPE) y un adhesivo de grabado total (Ambar-AB, FGM) utilizando un dispositivo sónico (Smart Sonic Device-SD, FGM). Material y Métodos: En este estudio in vitro, noventa y seis molares humanos extraídos sanos se dividieron en 12 grupos (n=8) de acuerdo con diferentes condiciones de dentina y sistemas adhesivos. Se eliminó el esmalte y se pulieron las superficies centrales de la dentina. Cada sistema adhesivo se aplicó de acuerdo con las diferentes condiciones de dentina, y los bloques de resina compuesta se acumularon de forma incremental y se almacenaron durante 24h. Las muestras se seccionaron en barras y los datos de resistencia de la unión se analizaron con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney. Resultado: No se observaron efectos de la aplicación sónica. En general, AB mostró resultados más bajos en comparación con el SU. Las condiciones E y N no afectaron estadísticamente la fuerza de unión de los grupos SU. La dentina seca presentó valores de fuerza de adhesión estadísticamente superiores en comparación con la dentina húmeda para el grupo SU/E/SD. Conclusión: La adhesión de la dentina seca con un sistema adhesivo multimodo puede ser superior a la dentina húmeda con aplicación sónica. Los modos de aplicación no tuvieron influencia en la resistencia de la unión de los adhesivos estudiados

Análise da interface de união entre cimento resinoso auto-adesivo à dentina erodida in vitro

Considerando o expressivo aumento de lesões erosivas e a necessidade de estudos que avaliem a adesão sobre um substrato erodido. O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a interface de união entre cimento resinoso auto-adesivo à dentina submetida à erosão in vitro. Setenta e dois terceiros molares humanos foram utilizados e divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1 (dentina normal) e grupo 2 (dentina erodida). Para a obtenção da erosão in vitro foi empregado um protocolo, no qual os espécimes ficaram imersos em solução desmineralizante , 2 minutos por ciclo, e em solução remineralizante , 10 minutos por ciclo, ao longo de 9 dias. Na sequência, ambos os grupos foram submetidos a quatro tratamentos de superfície dentinária: grupo controle (sem tratamento), clorexidina 2%, ácido poliacrílico 20%, e EDTA 0,1M (n=9), previamente ao processo de união. Blocos de resina composta TPH foram cimentados com cimento resinoso auto-adesivo RelyX U200 às superfícies dentinárias. Os dentes foram submetidos à cortadeira de precisão, onde obteve-se amostras em forma de palitos, os quais foram submetidos ao teste de microtração para avaliar a resistência de união entre o cimento resinoso e dentina, 24 horas e 8 meses após o procedimento de união. Associada a microtração, a análise do padrão de fratura dessas interfaces foi realizada em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Em amostras distintas, foram obtidas fatias longitudinais dos dentes, sendo três espécimes de cada grupo, os quais foram avaliados em microscopia confocal (MC), para análise qualitativa da interface dentina/cimento. Os resultados mostraram que a dentina previamente erodida apresentou considerável aumento na densidade e profundidade de tags resinosos em relação à dentina normal para os diferentes grupos, embora pouca diferença nos valores de resistência de união tenha sido encontrada. Os diferentes tipos de tratamentos realizados em dentina, de uma forma geral, aumentaram os valores de resistência de união em comparação ao grupo controle. O armazenamento das amostras em saliva artificial por 8 meses, parece não ter sido suficiente para causar uma significativa degradação da interface adesiva.Considering the significant increase of erosive lesions and the need for studies to evaluate the adhesion on a eroded substrate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding interface between self-adhesive resin cement to in vitro eroded dentin. Seventy-two third molars were used and divided into two groups: group 1 (sound dentin) and group 2 (eroded dentin). The in vitro erosion was created following a demineralization protocol, in which the specimens of group 2 were immersed in demineralizing solutions 2 minutes per cycle, and in remineralizing solution, 10 minutes per cycle, during 9 days. Both groups were submitted to four dentin surface treatments: control group (without any treatment), 2% chlorhexidine, 20% polyacrylic acid, and 0,1M EDTA pH 7.4 (n=9). TPH resin-based composite blocks were bonded with RelyX U200 self-adhesive resin cement on the pretreated dentin surfaces. The teeth were submitted to precision cutter, thus obtaining samples forms of sticks. The samples were submitted to microtensile bonding test to evaluate the bonding strength between selfadhesive resin cement to dentin, 24 hours and 8 months after the bonding procedure. The fractured samples were evaluated in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to classify the fracture pattern of these interfaces. Finally, three specimens of each group were longitudinal cut and obtained three slices per group and evaluating by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), with the purpose to analyze qualitatively the dentin/cement interface. The results showed that the etched dentin showed significant increase in density and depth of resinous tags compared to sound dentin, although little difference in bond strength values has been found. Different types of treatments performed on dentin, in general, increased the bonding strength values compared to the control group. The storage of the samples in artificial saliva for 8 months, seems to have been not enough to cause significant degradation of the adhesive interface.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Comparison of in vitro erosion protocols in bovine teeth to simulate natural erosion lesion: analysis of mechanical properties and surface gloss

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare two in vitro erosion protocols, in which one simulates in vivo conditions experienced by patients with gastroesophageal disorders or bulimia (HCl-pepsin protocol), and the other simulates the diet of an individual who consumes a high volume of erosive beverages (citric acid protocol). In addition, the mechanical properties and surface gloss of eroded human dentin were compared with those of sound human dentin. Materials and Methods Blocks of cervical dentin were used: sound human dentin (n=10), human dentin with erosive lesions (n=10), and bovine dentin (n=30). Twenty bovine blocks were subjected to either of two erosion protocols (n=10/protocol). In the first protocol, samples were demineralized using HCl-pepsin solution, then treated with trypsin solution. In the second protocol, samples were demineralized with 2% citric acid. Toothbrushing was performed in both protocols using a toothbrushing machine (15 s with a 150 g load). Ten bovine dentin blocks were not subjected to any erosive treatment. All samples of bovine and human dentin were analyzed to obtain Martens hardness values (MH), elastic modulus (Eit*) and surface gloss. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were performed to analyze the data (α=0.05). Results Sound human and eroded human dentin groups showed similar MH and Eit* values (p>0.05); however, sound human dentin showed a higher surface gloss value when compared to eroded human dentin (p0.05), but HCl-pepsin-treated bovine dentin and citric acid-treated bovine dentin resulted in lower surface gloss than sound bovine dentin (p<0.05). Conclusions The HCl-pepsin protocol modified bovine dentin properties that could be similar to those that occur on human dentin surfaces with erosive lesions