Use Of Representative Models To Improve The Decision Making Process Of Chemical Flooding In A Mature Field

Decision analysis applied to petroleum field development is always strongly related to risk due to uncertainties in the process. An important part of risk evaluation can be accomplished through the evaluation of the impact of uncertainties in the performance of the petroleum fields, yielding higher possibility of success, quantification of possible losses, minimization of sub-optimal development and identification of opportunities. The objective of the present work is to use the quantification of the impact of uncertainties related to chemical flooding (injection of Alkali-surfactant-polymer) using the concept of Representative Models (RM) integrated with economic uncertainties to improve the production forecast in a Brazilian onshore field with 19 years of production history. The main advantage of this process is to provide a few adjusted models (RM) which are selected based on the integration of objective functions previously defined to the context to represent these uncertainties. These RM are selected to represent all combined models which compose the distribution curve (risk curve) of the process. The distribution curve is obtained through the concept of derivative tree technique, combining the possible scenarios using the numerical simulation to predict the reservoir behavior. The numerical simulation is used to give more reliability to the process and to give a detailed analysis for each model in order to provide integration with economic analysis which is used in the risk mitigation. The importance of this process is to provide a detailed analysis of the impact of the chemical injection in the decision making process. An automated tool and the utilization of a defined methodology to quantify the impact of uncertainties are used to speedup the process and to improve the viability of the procedure with a significant reduction of time and effort, yielding greater reliability of the production forecast with the improvement of the decision making process. Copyright 2008. Society of Petroleum Engineers.1514521Costa, A.P.A., Schiozer, D.J., Poletto, C.A., Use of uncertainty analysis to improve production history matching and decision making process (2006) SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition, , SPE 99324, held in Vienna, Austria, 12-15 JuneCosta, A.P.A., Numerical simulation of an ASP flood in the pilot area of the onshore field in Potiguar Basin, with the application of uncertainty quantification procedure Internal report, Petrobras, 2006, Natal, BrasilCosta, A.P.A., Schiozer, D.J., Impact of simplifications in risk assessment and decision making process (2005) SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, , SPE 94938, June, Rio de Janeiro, BrasilCosta, A.P.A., Quantification of the impact of uncertainties and Risk analysis in the development of petroleum fields (2003), Department of petroleum engineering-State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, November, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 240p, Ph.D. ThesisLake, L.W., (1989) Enhanced Oil Recovery, , Prentice Hall, NJVoskov D.V., Galamay O.V., Entov V.M., Self-similar solutions of problems of physicochemical subsurface hydromechanics, Izv. Ross. AN, Mekh. Zhidk. i Gaza, 2001, N1, 126-135, [Fluid Dynamics, 2001, 36, No. 1]Voskov D.V., Entov V.M., Problem of oil displacement by gas mixtures, Izv. Ross. AN, Mekh. Zhidk. i Gaza, 2001, N2, 112-121 (Problem of Oil Displacement by Gas Mixtures, Fluid Dynamics, 36, No 2, 2001, 269-278.)Bedrikovetsky, P.G., (1993) Mathematical Theory of Oil & Gas Recovery (With applications to ex-USSR oil & gas condensate fields), , Kluwer Academic Publishers, London-Boston-Dordrecht, 600 pPuime, A.P., Bedrikovetsky, P.G., Shapiro, A.A., (2006) A Splitting Technique for Analytical Modelling of Two-Phase Multicomponent Flow in Porous Media, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 5

Skeketal Isomerization Of Butenes Over Mcm-22 Zeolite

The results obtained in the skeletal isomerization of linear butenes over MCM-22 zeolite were presented. Two samples with different silica/alumina ratios (SAR), i.e., 23 and 38, were synthesized, modified, and evaluated at 500°C by feeding a mixture of 1-butene diluted in nitrogen to the reactor. The sample with a SAR of 23 was also modified by ion exchange with sodium, by coke deposition from m-xylene and toluene, and by dealumination. Among the original samples in the protonic form, the highest SAR showed lower activity but a better selectivity. Ion exchanging the sample with the lowest SAR with sodium reduced both the activity and the selectivity due to the preferential deposition of sodium ions on the most selective sites for isobutene formation. The samples on which coke was pre-generated by reaction with m- xylene or toluene showed a significant increase of selectivity, when compared to the original zeolite, but limited stability. On the other hand, the dealuminated sample was very active and selective, and also exhibited a remarkably high stability as compared to other zeolites reported in the literature.357