16 research outputs found
iOn-Profiler: intelligent Online multi-objective VNF Profiling with Reinforcement Learning
Leveraging the potential of Virtualised Network Functions (VNFs) requires a
clear understanding of the link between resource consumption and performance.
The current state of the art tries to do that by utilising Machine Learning
(ML) and specifically Supervised Learning (SL) models for given network
environments and VNF types assuming single-objective optimisation targets.
Taking a different approach poses a novel VNF profiler optimising
multi-resource type allocation and performance objectives using adapted
Reinforcement Learning (RL). Our approach can meet Key Performance Indicator
(KPI) targets while minimising multi-resource type consumption and optimising
the VNF output rate compared to existing single-objective solutions. Our
experimental evaluation with three real-world VNF types over a total of 39
study scenarios (13 per VNF), for three resource types (virtual CPU, memory,
and network link capacity), verifies the accuracy of resource allocation
predictions and corresponding successful profiling decisions via a benchmark
comparison between our RL model and SL models. We also conduct a complementary
exhaustive search-space study revealing that different resources impact
performance in varying ways per VNF type, implying the necessity of
multi-objective optimisation, individualised examination per VNF type, and
adaptable online profile learning, such as with the autonomous online learning
approach of iOn-Profiler.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, 8 tables, journal article pre-print versio
End-to-end Quantum Secured Inter-Domain 5G Service Orchestration Over Dynamically Switched Flex-Grid Optical Networks Enabled by a q-ROADM
Dynamic and flexible optical networking enabled by NFV and SDN are the key
technology enablers for supporting the dynamicity and bandwidth requirements of
emerging 5G network services. To achieve the objective of 5G, Network Services
(NSes) must be often deployed transparently over multiple administrative and
technological domains. Such case often presents security risks since a typical
NS may comprise a chain of network functions, each executed in different remote
locations, and tampering within the network infrastructure may compromise their
communication. To avoid such threats, QKD has been identified and proposed as a
future-proof method immune to any algorithmic cryptanalysis based on
quantum-physics mechanisms. The maturity of QKD has enabled the R&D of quantum
networks coexisting with optical networks using telecom equipment. This makes
the QKD a suitable candidate for the security of distributed and virtualised
network services.
In this paper, for the first time, we propose a dynamic quantum-secured
optical network for supporting network services that are dynamically created by
chaining VNF over multiple network domains. This work includes a new
quantum-ROADM, extensions to SDN-enabled optical control plane, and extensions
to NFV orchestration to achieve quantum-aware, on-demand chaining of VNFs. The
experimental results verify the capability of routing quantum and classical
data channels both individually and dynamically over shared fibre links.
Moreover, quantum secured chaining of VNFs in 5G networks is experimentally
demonstrated via interconnecting four autonomous 5G islands simultaneously
through the q-ROADM with eight optical channels using the 5GUK Exchange
orchestration platform. The experimental scenarios and results confirm the
benefit of the proposed data plane architecture and control/management plane
framework
On reliability improvement of Software-Defined Networks
In Software-Defined Networks (SDNs) the role of the centralized controller is crucial, and thus it becomes a single point of failure. In this work, a distributed controller architecture is explored as a possible solution to improve fault tolerance. A network partitioning strategy, with small subnetworks, each with its own Master controller, is combined with the use of Slave controllers for recovery aims. A novel formula is proposed to calculate the reliability rate of each subnetwork, based on the load and considering the number and degree of the nodes as well as the loss rate of the links. The reliability rates are shared among the controllers through a newly-designed East/West bound interface, to select the coordinator for the whole network. This proposed method is called \u201cReliable Distributed SDN (RDSDN).\u201d In RDSDN, the failure of controllers is detected by the coordinator that may undertake a fast recovery scheme to replace them. The numerical results prove performance improvement achievable with the adoption of the RDSDN and show that this approach performs better regarding failure recovery compared to methods used in related research